BMT 342 Basics of Networking Lecture 3 PDF

BMT 342 Basics of Networking Lecture 3 Dr. Asma Abahussin Department of Biomedical Technology College of Applied Medical Sciences King Saud University 1 Objectives To learn and understand: ▪ Basic terminologies for computer networking. ▪ Basic concepts in co...

BMT 342 Basics of Networking Lecture 3 Dr. Asma Abahussin Department of Biomedical Technology College of Applied Medical Sciences King Saud University 1 Objectives To learn and understand: ▪ Basic terminologies for computer networking. ▪ Basic concepts in computer networking. ▪ Basic network devices. 2 Network Basic Terminologies ❖ Network: A network is a collection of connected computers and devices to enable communication and data exchange. ❖ Two types of Networks: ▪ LAN: A Local Area Network (LAN) is a network that covers a small area, such as an office or a home. ▪ WAN: A Wide Area Network (WAN) is a network that covers a large geographic area, such as a city, country, or even the entire world. WANs are used to connect LANs and are typically used for long-distance communication. 3 Network Basic Terminologies (Cont.) ❖ Communication Protocol: a set of rules and methods that enables communication between different devices and systems with one another and sharing data seamlessly. To make communication successful between devices, protocols should be agreed upon at the sending and receiving ends of the network system. 4 Communication Protocol ❖ Protocol main set of rules: 1. Syntax of the message: the data’s structure or format exchanged between the devices. 2. Timing: refers to the synchronization and coordination between devices while transferring the data to ensure when data should be sent and how fast data can be sent. 3. Flow Control: regulates device data delivery i.e., it limits the sender’s data or asks the receiver if it’s ready for more. 5 Communication Protocol (Cont.) 4. Error Control: detects and fixes data transmission faults. 5. Security: safeguards data confidentiality, integrity, and validity. which includes encryption, authentication, access control, and other security procedures. 6 Network Basic Concepts ❖ Internet Protocol (IP) Address: a unique numerical identifier assigned to every network device. IP addresses are used to identify devices and enable communication between them. Example: 142.251.32.46 ❖ Domain Name System (DNS): is a naming database in which web IP addresses are registered with unique names called domain names (i.e., web addresses or URLs). Example: www.google.com is the domain name corresponding to the IP address: 142.251.32.46. DNS is the phonebook of the Internet! 7 Network Basic Devices ❖ Router: The critical device connects a LAN to the Internet via connecting to a modem. It typically uses the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) to assign local IP addresses to each device on the LAN including the router. The IP addresses are unique only within the local network. It uses the Network Address Translation (NAT) protocol to manage LAN and Internet data traffic. ▪ NAT protocol hides private IP addresses from the Internet by making it appear that all LAN devices' traffic originated from the router, i.e., one public IP address represents the router and all the LAN’s devices. LAN’s devices are connected to the router either by wires or wirelessly. 8 Network Basic Devices (Cont.) ❖ Modem: the device modulates signals for data transmission over cable or satellite connections provided by an Internet Service Provider (ISP). It assigns the public IP address to the router, allowing it to communicate with other devices on the internet. ❖ Modem-router: the device serves as a modem and router at the same time. 9 Example of a LAN setup Router/LAN Public IP Router Local IP 10