Bilingualism Presentation PDF

BILINGUALISM Malaca, Ronelyn Gutierrez, Anton Bilingualism The ability to speak two languages. The word originates from the Latin ‘bi’, meaning ‘having two’, and ‘lingua’, meaning tongue. There are approximately 3.3 billion bilingual people worldwide, accounting for 43% of the population. Simu...

BILINGUALISM Malaca, Ronelyn Gutierrez, Anton Bilingualism The ability to speak two languages. The word originates from the Latin ‘bi’, meaning ‘having two’, and ‘lingua’, meaning tongue. There are approximately 3.3 billion bilingual people worldwide, accounting for 43% of the population. Simultaneous vs. Compound, Sequential Coordinate, and (Consecutive) Subordinate Bilingualism Bilingualism TYPES OF BILINGUALISM Balanced vs. Additive vs. Dominant Subtractive Bilingualism Bilingualism SIMULTANEOUS VS. SEQUENTIAL Simultaneous Bilingualism Learning two languages from birth, often with equal exposure. Sequential (Consecutive) Bilingualism Learning one language first (usually at home) and a second language later (often in school). Compound, coordinate, & subordinate Compound Bilingualism Both languages are learned in the same environment and are tightly linked in the brain. Compound bilinguals often associate the same concepts with words from both languages. Coordinate Bilingualism The languages are learned in different contexts, so each language has its own associations. Coordinate bilinguals may think in different languages depending on the situation or setting. Subordinate Bilingualism The second language is learned through the filter of the first language, so the person often translates from their native language to understand the second language.  Balance vs. dominant Balanced Bilingualism Equal proficiency in both languages. Dominant Bilingualism Greater proficiency in one language than the other.  ADDITIVE VS. SUBTRACTIVE Additive Bilingualism Learning a second language in a way that complements the first, without diminishing it. Subtractive Bilingualism Learning a second language that may replace or reduce the use of the first language over time. Bilingualism offers a wealth of benefits 01. COGNITIVE BENEFITS that extend beyond mere language proficiency. From enhanced cognitive abilities and improved academic performance to increased job opportunities and cultural appreciation, 02. ACADEMIC BENEFITS being bilingual enriches personal development and social interactions. As our world becomes increasingly interconnected, the advantages of speaking multiple languages have never 03. SOCIO-ECONOMIC BENEFITS been more vital, making bilingualism a valuable asset in today's society. 04. CULTURAL BENEFITS Cognitive Benefits Academic Benefits Enhanced Executive Function: Bilingual Improved Reading and Writing Skills: individuals often exhibit better control over Bilinguals tend to develop stronger literacy attention, task-switching, and cognitive skills, benefiting from the comparative flexibility. understanding of languages. Improved Problem-Solving: The ability to Better Academic Performance: Proficiency in think in multiple languages fosters creativity multiple languages can enhance overall and complex problem-solving skills. academic achievement and standardized test Delayed Cognitive Decline: Studies suggest scores. that bilingualism can delay the onset of dementia and other cognitive impairments. Socio-economic Benefits Cultural Benefits Increased Job Opportunities: Bilingualism is a Increased Job Opportunities: Bilingualism is a valuable asset in the job market, often leading to valuable asset in the job market, often leading to higher employability and salary prospects. higher employability and salary prospects. Better Communication with Diverse Better Communication with Diverse Communities: Bilingual individuals can engage Communities: Bilingual individuals can engage more effectively with diverse populations, more effectively with diverse populations, fostering inclusivity. fostering inclusivity.  Challenges of Bilingualism 01 02 03 04 Language Interference: Language Loss or Attrition: Cultural Identity Formation: Social Stigma: Bilingual individuals may If one language is not regularly Bilingual individuals often In some contexts, bilingualism experience language used, speakers may experience navigate complex cultural can carry social stigma, where interference, where elements language attrition, leading to a identities, which can lead to speakers may be judged for of one language influence the decline in proficiency. This is challenges in feeling fully their language choices or other. This can manifest in particularly common in connected to either culture. They perceived as less competent. grammar, vocabulary, or sequential bilinguals who may may struggle with where they This can lead to reluctance in pronunciation, potentially prioritize their second language belong, especially in multicultural using their bilingual skills, leading to confusion or errors over their first. environments. impacting self-esteem and in communication. social interactions.  Development of READING COMPREHENSION Malaca, Ronelyn Gutierrez, Anton Reading Comprehension Reading comprehension refers to the cognitive processes involved in understanding and extracting meaning from a text. It involves carrying out and combining various processes, including planning, attention, simultaneous processing, and sequential processing. Together, these processes enhance the overall capacity to understand and interpret written text. According to Eastern Washington University, reading comprehension is essential for language and literature, as well as developing a student’s critical thinking and memory skills, focus and their ability to solve problems — all necessary for every kind of student or professional. Stages of Reading Development Pre - reading (0-5 years old) Initial Reading (5-7 years old) Fluency (7-9 years old) Reading to Learn (9-12 years old) Critical Reading (12-18 years old) Proficient Reading (18+ years old)  Initial Reading (5-7 years old) STAGES Proficient Reading Reading to Learn (9-12 years old) (12-18 years old) Decoding simple words and recognizing basic sight Using reading to gather Deep understanding, reflecting words. new information. critically on complex texts. Pre-reading (0-5 years old) Fluency (7-9 years old) Critical Reading (12-18 years old) Learning letter recognition Increased reading speed Analyzing, synthesizing, and phonemic awareness. and comprehension. and evaluating texts.  Factors that influence the development of reading comprehension 01. Cognitive skills - Phonemic awareness, memory, and attention. 02. Language skills - Vocabulary size and grammar knowledge. 03. Instruction - Teaching methods, exposure to reading materials, and educational support. 04. Environmental factors - Socioeconomic status, access to books, and cultural influences. 05. Motivation and interest - Engagement with reading materials impacts comprehension.  STRATEGIES FOR TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION Strategies Effective Instructional Strategies Guided Reading - Teachers support students as they read and discuss texts. Independent Reading - Students read on their own to build confidence. Reading Aloud - Enhances listening and comprehension skills. Discussion and Questioning - Encourages critical thinking and deeper engagement with the text. Technology Integration Digital Texts and Reading Apps - Provide interactive reading experiences. Online Resources - Offer access to diverse texts and comprehension activities. Thank you very much! BECED 1  References Eastern Washington University. (2022, December 28). Learning is aided by reading comprehension. Retrieved November 9, 2024, from https://online.ewu.edu/degrees/education/med/reading- literacy/reading-comprehension-on-learning/ Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Bilingualism. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved October 21, 2024, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bilingualism Preply. (n.d.). Bilingualism statistics: Facts and trends about bilingualism worldwide. Retrieved October 21, 2024, from https://preply.com/en/blog/bilingualism-statistics/ ScienceDirect. (n.d.). Reading comprehension. In Social Sciences Topics. Retrieved November 9, 2024, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/reading-comprehension :)