Block 2.pptx

European Integration in a long-term Historical Perspective Giuliana Laschi Università di Bologna [email protected] The post-World War II crisis Two centuries of thought: united against war Idea becomes political practice Two World Wars Overcoming hunger, restarting the economy Birth of the...

European Integration in a long-term Historical Perspective Giuliana Laschi Università di Bologna [email protected] The post-World War II crisis Two centuries of thought: united against war Idea becomes political practice Two World Wars Overcoming hunger, restarting the economy Birth of the welfare state Franco-German conflict The Cold War Governing globalisation Giuliana Laschi Università di Bologna The ability to change everything The Hague Conference of 1948 The Schuman Declaration of 9 May 1950 The ECSC: the most political The EDC and the EPC The EEC and Euratom Giuliana Laschi Università di Bologna Jean Monnet (1888 to 1979) He was a French economist and public official. Since the First World War, he made efforts to provide unity in Europe. Secretary General of League of Nations in 1919. In 1940, he designed the “joint communique”, a federal union between France and Great Britain. After the war: Planning Commissioner for the government “global plan for modernization and economic development”. In 1949: he realized dangerous extents for the control of Ruhr, it was necessary to concentrate the FrancoGerman coal and steel resources under the control of4 The European integration process: history ECSC (European Coal and Steel From an idea of Monnet, a proposal of Community) Schuman (supported by De Gasperi and Adenauer) Schuman declaration: 9 May 1950 https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=c0dsdgpFjGo 18 April 1951 6 states: France, West Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg Competence in the coal and steel sector Start of the European integration process Federalism or functionalism? Monnet’s vision and Spinelli’s vision. 6 European Defence Community Defence problems in Europe Afetr WWII Dunquerque Treaty, 1947 Brussels Treaty, 1948 North Atlantic Treaty, 1949 German rearmament Pleven Plan, 1950 1952: the Treaty was signed 1954: French Assembly voted against the Plan 7 The European integration process: EEC (European Economic Community) history Treaties of Rome, 25 March 1957 6 states (originally): France, West Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg Objective: creation of a single market without internal customs barriers: Free movement of goods. Free movement of workers. Free movement of services. Free movement of capital. The European integration process: history EEC (European Economic Community) The signing of the Treaties of Rome (25 From EEC to EU EEC EURATOM 1957 1951 ECSC Maastrich t 1992 1986 Single European Act Copenaghe n Criteria 1993 1995 Schengen 1997 Amsterda m Giuliana Laschi - Università di Bologna Nizza 2001 2009 Lisbon Belgium France Germany Italy Luxembourg The Netherlands 1951 Greece 1981 1973 Denmark Ireland United Kingdom German Democrati c Republic 1990 1986 Spain Portugal Cyprus Estonia Latvia Lithuania Malta 1995 Austria Finland Sweden + Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Slovenia Hungary 2004 2007 Bulgaria Romania 2013 Croatia The Enlarged Europe Giuliana Laschi - Università di Bologna difficulties De Gaulle, 1958-1969 The lack of courage of the memory of colonisation Transatlantic crises Inconvertibility of the dollar in gold and currency fluctuation 1971 Oil crises 1973 International wars European centrifugal forces The rebate and the loss of solidarity Brexit, February 2020 achievements The end of hunger Pacification, not just the absence of war Economic and social boom Ostpolitik, 1969 Enlargement End of southern European dictatorships, 1970s Strengthening of identity and political action Universal suffrage elections to the EP, 1979 Bill of Rights Citizenship