Ancient Greek Philosophy PDF

700-480 B.C Philosophy by Ms. Hilary Joy Gonzales  What is Pythagor as Philosophy? Philosophy comes from the two Greek words Philo means Love and Sophia means Wisdom The Ancient greek used this term to refer t...

700-480 B.C Philosophy by Ms. Hilary Joy Gonzales  What is Pythagor as Philosophy? Philosophy comes from the two Greek words Philo means Love and Sophia means Wisdom The Ancient greek used this term to refer to a “love of wisdom” and will soon applied to a science or discipline which uses human reason to investigate the ultimate causes, reasons, and principles which govern all things. The mathematician Pythagoras was the first who call himself a Philosopho what development brought about the emergence of western Philosophy? WESTERN PHILOSOPHY IS PRIMARILY CONCERNED WITH UNCOVERING THE TRUTH THROUGH SYSTEMATIC ARGUMENTATION AND THEORY. THERE IS GREATER EMPHASIS ON THE USE OF REASON RATHER THAN FAITH, AND AN INCREASE FOCUS ON MAN AS  History THE FIRST PHILOSOPHER WAS PREOCCUPIED WITH THE STUDY OF NATURE AND THE UNIVERSE. WHAT IS PERMANENT IN EXISTENCE? AND WHAT IS THE UNIVERSE MADE UP FOR?  PHILOSOPHER CAME BEFORE THE PRE- TIME OF SOCRATES. SOCRATICS THALES SOPHISTS WAS THE EARLIEST THEY TAUGH A PHILOSOPHER TO INQUIRE ABOUT THE WAY OF WORLD AND EXPLAIN ARGUMENTATIONS THE COMPOSITION OF CALLED ERISTIC THINGS AND THE WHICH AIMED TO CHANGES IN PHYSICAL WIN ARGUMENTS REALITY. RATHER THAT FATHER OF WESTERN ARRIVE THE  Thales (624 BCE to 546 BCE)- He believed that the ultimate composition of all things is water. Thales believed that all things take nourishment from water and he considered heat as being generated and maintained by the amount of moisture in an object.  Anaximander (610 BCE to 546 BCE) A student of Thales, he agreed with his teacher that everything comes from a single, basic material. He argued, however, that matter is not composed of water or any other element. it is view that all things apeiron are created and merged from an means (the boundless) as the indefinite and boundless realm beginning of everything called apeiron. when things decay or are destroyed, the will go back  Anaximenes (586 BCE to 528 BCE) he was young associate od Anaximander who followed Thale’s view of matter being created from a single element. however he believed that it is air that makes up all things and that different elements and substance are nearly different pieces of air. he also consider air as the source of all life.  Pythagoras (570 BCE-495 BCE) a mathematicians and scientist he was credited with the formulation of Pythagorean theorem. His works earned him many followers, and he established a community of learners who were devoted to the study of religion and philosophy.  Heraclitus (535 BCE-475 BCE) He proposed that everything exist is based on a higher order or plan which he called logos. For him, change is the permanent aspect of the human condition. Heraclitus is credited with the saying, “You cannot step twice into the same river, for fresh water are ever flowing upon you.”  Democritus (460 BCE-370 BCE) He devoted himself to studing the cause of natural phenomena. he was among the first to proposed that matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms.  Diogenes of Sinope (412 BCE-323 BCE) He was a known advocate of a simple and virtuous life. For Diogenes, one should not only talk of virtue but should show it in words and actions. He emphasis on austerity and simplicity often went the extreme, and he was said to have lived like a beggar, he was also known to be a vocal critic of well-known philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle. His teachings and views where later developed by his followers and influenced the development of  Epicurus (341 BCE-270 BCE) He was a practical philosopher and believed that philosophy could enable man to live a life of happiness. He denounces certain pleasures of the body that were a natural and stated that continuous indulgence in bodily pleasure often lead to dissatisfaction. Therefore, one should indulge in the needs and pleasures of the mind instead of the body. His views gave rise to Epicureanism-a school of philosophy which believes that wisdom and simple living will result in life free  Socrates (470 BCE-399 BCE) He was considered the foremost philosopher of ancient times and made great contributions to the field of ethics. he was a known critic of intellectuals during his time, but himself did not claim to be “wise” and merely considered himself a “midwife” that helped inquiring minds achieve wisdom.  Socrates He also believed that philosophy could enable a man to live a life of virtue. He was credited with formulating the Socratic method-a means of examining a topic by devising a series of questions that lets the learner examin and analyze his knowledge and use regarding the topic.  Plato (427 BCE - 347 BCE) - A student of Socrates, he wrote down his teaacher’s writings and incorporated some of his own ideas in to them. His teachings and writings are considered as the foundation of Western philosophy. Plato’s most significant ideas inclued his theory of forms, which propose that everything that exist is based on an idea or template that can only be percieved in mind;  Plato those nonphysical ideas are eternal and unchanging. He also focuses on political theory and wrote the “Republic” that discussed what he proposed as the ideal society and ideal form of government ruled by wisdom and reason. Plato is also known for his Dialect - a method of inquiry where two opposing ideas are discussed ina n attempt to arrive at new knowledge, Plato’s lassting contribution to learning was his founding of the “Academy”, an institution of higher learning which was the first of its kind in  Aristotle (384 BCE - 323 BCE ) He attended the Academy, and was a prominent student of Plato. Aristotle, however, disagreed with Plato's theory of forms and took a different view in interpreting reality. For him, all ideas and views are based on perception and our reality is based on what we can sense and perceive. This view greatly influenced the study of the physical sciences. Aristotle was involved in a great variety of disciplines such as zoology, psychology, ethics, and politics. He also proposed a system for the classification of  Aristotle His studies in logic led to the formulation of a formal process of analyzing reasoning which gave rise to deductive reasoning - the process by which specific statements are analyzed to reach a conclusion or generalization. Aristotle, like Plato, founded his own school called the Lyceum.  Archimedes (287 BCE to 212 BCE) He is known for the practical aspects of his philosophical inquiries and was considered a leading scientist in ancient times. A mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer, Archimedes' inquiries into mathematics led to earlier developments which gave rise to modern calculus. He pioneered the use of mathematics to analyze natural phenomena.  Archimedes He is credited for several inventions such as the Archimedes screw, a devise for raising water, and a method for determining volume using displacement. Thank You!