Biotech Cloning Applications (PDF)

BIOTECH & CLONING Applications of Genetic Engineering If you had the chance to have a clone, would you want one?  SET OF TOPICS Biotechnology - its types and applications. Cloning - What is cloning? The two ways, and Dolly. BIOTECHNOLOG Y Conventi...

BIOTECH & CLONING Applications of Genetic Engineering If you had the chance to have a clone, would you want one?  SET OF TOPICS Biotechnology - its types and applications. Cloning - What is cloning? The two ways, and Dolly. BIOTECHNOLOG Y Convention on Biological 1992 United Nations Diversity (UNCBD) “any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific uses”. “Bio” means “life” and “logy” means “science” “technology” refers to “skill, art, or craft”, or ways to meet the needs of the people WHICH IS A PRODUCT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY? A B  TYPES OF BIOTECH TRADITIONAL MODERN Uses genetic Doesn’t use DNA engineering to manipulation manipulate the DNA of techniques organisms with different purposes  APPLICATIONS OF BIOTECH THE ADVANTAGES: It reduces CO2 emissions by 52 %, optimises the use It improves medical of water and reduces diagnosis, reduces waste and chemical infection rates, minimises processes thanks to the side effects of techniques such as medications. recombinant DNA. APPLICATIONS OF BIOTECH THE ADVANTAGES: Helping to It favours healthy and reduce poverty and hunge sustainable agriculture, r provides more nutritious, : One of the objectives of toxin and allergen-free biotechnology is to enable food, limits the use of more land to be cultivated pesticides and chemicals. and more food to be produced.  APPLICATIONS OF BIOTECH THE DISADVANTAGES: The risks include The proliferation of unforeseen allergies, laboratory foods could end poisoning of living crop diversity. It may also organisms and modified affect the balance of bacteria escaping from a ecosystems. laboratory. APPLICATIONS OF BIOTECH THE DISADVANTAGES: Cloning, the modification of the human genome Decrease in labour and and assisted reproduction small farmers. are matters of ethical debate and social controversy.  CLONING The process of generating a genetically identical copy of a cell or an organism (Rugnetta, 2024). A technique scientists use to make exact genetic copies of living things (Cloning, n.d.).  HOW IS CLONING DONE? YES, COOL, BUT DO NOT TRY AT HOME! Somatic Cell Nuclear Artificial Embryo Twinning Transfer ARTIFICIAL EMBRYO TWINNING low-tech way to make clones mimics the natural process that  SOMATIC CELL NUCLEAR TRANSFER To make Dolly, researchers isolated a somatic cell from an adult female sheep. Next they removed the nucleus and all of its DNA from an egg cell. Then they transferred the nucleus from the  DOLLY THE SHEEP Dolly was cloned from a cell taken from the mammary gland of a six-year-old Finn Dorset sheep and an egg cell taken from a Scottish Blackface sheep. Dolly was born on 5 July 1996.  DOLLY THE SHEEP She has four more sister clones. A CT scan showed tumours growing in her lungs and the decision was made to euthanise Dolly rather than risk her suffering. Dolly was put to sleep on 14  SUMMARY Biotechnology utilizes Cloning is the process of biological systems, living creating a genetically organisms, or their identical copy of a cell or derivatives to develop or an organism (Rugnetta, modify products and 2024). processes for specific purposes. Artificial embryo twinning mimics the natural process Traditional Biotech doesn’t that creates identical use DNA manipulation twins, while somatic cell techniques while Modern nuclear transfer involves DNA uses genetic inserting the nucleus of an  REFERENCES Bichell, R. E. (2016, July 26). “Sister Clones” of Dolly the Sheep are alive and kicking. NPR. https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/07/26/487047575/clone-sisters- of-dolly-the-sheep-are-healthy-alive-and-kicking#:~:text=All%20Things %20Considered-,'Sister%20Clones'%20Of%20Dolly%20The%20Sheep%20Are%20Alive %20And%20Kicking,are%20healthy%20and%20aging%20well. Cloning. (n.d.). https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/cloning/#:~:text=Cloning%20is %20a%20technique%20scientists%20use%20to%20make%20exact %20genetic,themselves%20each%20time%20they%20reproduce. Dolly the sheep. (n.d.). National Museums Scotland. https://www.nms.ac.uk/explore- our-collections/stories/natural-sciences/dolly-the-sheep/ Rugnetta, M. (2024, July 1). Cloning | Definition, Process, & Types. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/cloning#:~:text=cloning%2C%20the %20process%20of%20generating,any%20genetic%20alteration%20or %20recombination. What is biotechnology? (2024). iberdrola.com. https://www.iberdrola.com/ What is biotechnology? Types and their applications in society | Repsol. (2023, September 11). REPSOL. https://www.repsol.com/en/energy-and-the-future/technology- and-innovation/biotechnology/index.cshtml What is Cloning. (n.d.). https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cloning/whatiscloning/