Biology Prep Winter Exam PDF

BIOLOGY PREP Winter Exam: **1Q) Classification Of Arthropods:** **Crustaceans** - Mostly sea creatures, sets of antennae and many legs eg: Crabs **Arachnids** - Eight legs, two body parts and no antennae eg: Spiders **Insects** - Wings, six legs, three body parts and a pair of antennae eg: Ladyb...

BIOLOGY PREP Winter Exam: **1Q) Classification Of Arthropods:** **Crustaceans** - Mostly sea creatures, sets of antennae and many legs eg: Crabs **Arachnids** - Eight legs, two body parts and no antennae eg: Spiders **Insects** - Wings, six legs, three body parts and a pair of antennae eg: Ladybug **Myriapods** - Many legs and body segments and a pair of antennae eg: Centipede **2Q) Main Features Of:** **All Animals :** They are multicellular, their cells contain a nucleus, but no cell wall and chloroplasts, they feed on organic substances. **All Plants :** They are multicellular, their cells contain a nucleus, chloroplasts, and cell wall, they feed by photosynthesis **All Fungi :** Usually multicellular, cells have nuclei and cell walls not mad of cellulose, they feed by saprophytic **All Protoctists :** Most are unicellular but some are and the oxygen is taken in.e multicellular, All have nucleus, some may have cell wall and chloroplast, some feed by photosynthesis and some feed on organic substances **All Prokaryotes :** Often unicellular, cells have cell wall and cytoplasm but no nucleus or mitochondria. **3Q) Explain The Respiratory System :** Respiration starts when we inhale oxygen, it passes through our mouth or the nose and then through the larynx and pharynx and then our trachea, which is covered from 15 to 20 C shaped rings which protect it and open it. The trachea divides into 2 tubes known as the bronchi. These continue to divide in the lungs known as bronchioles. Eventually air enters the alveoli and the carbon dioxide gets released and the oxygen is taken in. Carbon Dioxide is exhaled through the same process. In the process of inhalation, the diaphragm contracts, the external intercostal muscles contract and the internal intercostal muscles relax. In the process of exhalation, the diaphragm relax, the external intercostal muscles also relax and the internal intercostal muscles contract. **4Q) Human Influence On The Ecosystem :** **Advantages :** **Monoculture** - 1) Improves Efficiency 2. 3. **Livestock Farming** - 1) By controlling the environment, feed, and the healthcare of the animals, Farmers can produce a large amount of meat, milk, or eggs in a short period of time **Selective Breeding -** 1) A higher crop yield, new varieties of organisms can be created and crops can be selectively bred to be resistant to diseases. **Disadvantages :** **Monoculture -** 1) Increase the risk of disease and pest outbreaks 2. **Livestock Farming -** 1) A large amount of waste, which can pollute the soil and water 2)Diseases spread faster **Selective Breeding -** 1) Can reduce diversity in population of a given organism 2\) Certain traits could be lost and not brought back