Biological Molecules PDF

Biological Molecules Chemicals of life Learning Objectives: 1- List the chemical elements that make up: carbohydrates, fats and proteins. 2- State that large molecules are made from smaller molecules. 3- Describe the use of different reagents to test for the presence of Carbohydrate...

Biological Molecules Chemicals of life Learning Objectives: 1- List the chemical elements that make up: carbohydrates, fats and proteins. 2- State that large molecules are made from smaller molecules. 3- Describe the use of different reagents to test for the presence of Carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Success Criteria:  Identify elements which make up:  Carbohydrates  Proteins  Fats/Lipids  Understand new terms such as:  Monomers  Polymers  Identify the monomers of different polymers.  Describe how to test for the presence of:  Carbohydrates  Proteins  Fats/Lipids  Biological Molecules 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic acids – To cover in year 11.  Carbohydrates 1. What are the elements that make carbohydrates? 2. What’s another name for carbohydrates? 3. What’s the simplest carbohydrate? 4. What are the different classes of carbohydrates? 5. Give examples to each one & mention their uses. 6. How do we test for the presence of different carbohydrates in food samples? AFL  Carbohydrates 1. What are the elements that make carbohydrates? 2. What’s another name for carbohydrates? 3. What’s the simplest carbohydrate? 4. What are the different classes of carbohydrates? 5. Give examples to each one & mention their uses. 6. How do we test for the presence of different carbohydrates in food samples? Chemicals of life LIPIDS (FATS)  Fats/Lipids 1. What are the elements that make lipids? 2. What are the building blocks/molecules that make lipids? 3. List a few functions for lipids in our body. 4. How do we test for the presence of different lipids in food samples?  Building blocks of lipids Like carbohydrates, lipids are also made up of C, H & O. Their arrangement is different. Water insoluble. Excess fats are stored in the adipose tissue.  Function of fats Energy: In animals, when Blood Glucose Level drops. Stored in the seed for germination. Heat insulator (polar bear) Cell structure (cell membrane) AFL  Fats/Lipids 1. What are the elements that make lipids? 2. What are the building blocks/molecules that make lipids? 3. List a few functions for lipids in our body. 4. How do we test for the presence of different lipids in food samples? Lipids summary Proteins  Proteins 1. What are the elements that make proteins? 2. What are the building blocks/molecules that make proteins? 3. List a few functions for proteins in our body. 4. How do we test for the presence of proteins in food samples? 5. Why is testing for the presence of different biological molecules useful? (Applications?)  Proteins Unlike fats and carbohydrates, they’re made up of C, H, O, N & S (Nitrogen) & (Sulphur). They’re made up of small molecules called Amino acids. Some proteins are soluble like (haemoglobin), others aren’t like (Keratin) in hair and nails.  Protein function Cell membrane structure. Enzymes Hormones. Antibodies. Tissue repair. AFL  Proteins 1. What are the elements that make proteins? 2. What are the building blocks/molecules that make proteins? 3. List a few functions for proteins in our body. 4. How do we test for the presence of proteins in food samples? 5. Why is testing for the presence of different biological molecules useful? (Applications?) Water  A few functions of Water 80% of human body. Cytoplasm. Extracellular spaces. Blood components. Excretion (urea).  Water Solvent. Transporting nutrients. Digestion. Metabolic reactions. Isotonicity (Salt concentration in blood) Success Criteria: (Self- reflection)  Identify elements which make up:  Carbohydrates  Proteins  Fats/Lipids  Understand new terms such as:  Monomers  Polymers  Identify the monomers of different polymers.  Describe how to test for the presence of:  Carbohydrates  Proteins  Fats/Lipids Plenary