Biochem Lab Midterms PDF
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mykewazowski
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Summary
The document provides detailed information on lipids and lipoproteins, including their structure, functions, and chemical properties. It discusses various types of lipoproteins like VLDL, IDL, LDL, and HDL and their roles in the bloodstream.
Full Transcript
LIPIDS: -STRUCTURE (GLYCEROL BACKBONE, TWO FATTY ACID TAILS, PHOSPHATE GROUP) -ARRANGED IN A BILAYER MANNER, HYDROPHILIC OUTWARD, HYDROPHOBIC INWARD LIPOPROTEINS: -MADE OF PROTEIN AND FAT, CARRIES CHOLESTEROL TO THE BLOODSTREAM -STRUCTURE (TRIGLYCERIDES, CHOLESTEROL, PHOSPHOLIPIDS) APOLIPOPROTEINS...
LIPIDS: -STRUCTURE (GLYCEROL BACKBONE, TWO FATTY ACID TAILS, PHOSPHATE GROUP) -ARRANGED IN A BILAYER MANNER, HYDROPHILIC OUTWARD, HYDROPHOBIC INWARD LIPOPROTEINS: -MADE OF PROTEIN AND FAT, CARRIES CHOLESTEROL TO THE BLOODSTREAM -STRUCTURE (TRIGLYCERIDES, CHOLESTEROL, PHOSPHOLIPIDS) APOLIPOPROTEINS - FUNCTION AS CARRIER PROTEINS, SERVE AS COFACTORS FOR ENZYMES THAT METABOLIZE LIPOPROTEINS - HELP IN LIPID COMPONENT EXCHANGE EXAMPLES: CHYLOMICRONS, VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF LIPIDS: 1. HYDROLYSIS OF TRIGLYCERIDES - REACTION WITH WATER TO FORM CARBOXYLIC ACID AND ALCOHOL 2. SAPONIFICATION - TRIACYLGLYCEROLS ARE HYDROLYZED (ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS OR SAPONIFICATION) 3. HYDROGENATION - C-C DOUBLE BONDS IN UNSAT FATTY ACIDS ARE HYDROGENATED TO PRODUCE SATURATED FATTY ACIDS 4. HALOGENATION - UNSAT FATTY ACIDS COMBINED IN FATS AND OILS REACT WITH HALOGENS BY ADDITION AT THE DOUBLE BONDS - DECOLORIZATION OF THE HALOGEN SOLUTION 5. RANCIDITY - FAT THAT DEVELOPS A DISAGREEABLE ODOR, HYDROLYSIS AND OXIDATION REACTIONS CAUSE RANCIDITY OXIDATIVE RANCIDITY - OCCURS IN TRIACYLGLYCEROLS CONTAINING UNSAT FATTY ACIDS CHYLOMICRONS: LARGE TRIGLYCERIDE RICH LIPOPROTEINS - PRODUCED IN ENTEROCYTES FROM DIETARY LIPIDS (FATTY ACIDS AND CHOLESTEROL) -(ULDL), BIGGEST TRIGLYCERIDE CONTENT) VLDL - MADE IN LIVER, HIGH LIPID CONCENTRATION, VLDL WILL BECOME LDL IDL - FORMED BY DEGRADATION OF VLDL AND HDL, ENABLE FATS AND CHOLESTEROL TO MOVE WITHIN BLOODSTREAM, PROMOTES ATHEROMA LDL - BAD CHOLESTEROL, MAIN TRANSPORTER OF CHOLESTEROL HDL - GOOD CHOLESTEROL, ABSORBS CHOLESTEROL AND CARRIES IT TO THE LIVER TO BE FLUSHED FROM THE BODY mykewazowski - bio-chem lab [midterms] LIPID VALUE PREPARATION SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROFILE LIPOPROTEIN Total Normal: 240 mg/dL HDL-C Increased heart Fasting up to 12 “GOOD” Cholesterol, disease when: hours before absorbs cholesterol and M:
