Plant Tissues PDF

Lesson 2.3 Structures and Functions of Plant Cells General Biology 11/2 Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Have you ever imagined Earth without plants? 2  It is quite unimaginable if plants do not exist on Earth, right? 3...

Lesson 2.3 Structures and Functions of Plant Cells General Biology 11/2 Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Have you ever imagined Earth without plants? 2  It is quite unimaginable if plants do not exist on Earth, right? 3 What kind of cells does each part of a plant composed of? How do plant cells differ in function? 4 Learning Competency At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the following: Classify different cell types (plant/animal tissues) and specify the function(s) of each (STEM_BIO11/12-iA-C-4). 5  Learning Objectives At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the following: Differentiate meristematic from permanent tissue. Determine the functions of each plant tissue. Locate the different types of tissues in plant parts. 6 Plant Tissues Meristematic tissues are found in the growing areas of plants. Plant Tissues Permanent tissues are composed of nondividing cells. 7 How do types of meristematic tissues differ from each other? 8 Plant Tissues Apical Meristem Meristematic Tissues Lateral Meristem 9  Meristematic Tissues Apical Meristem Apical meristems are responsible Lateral Meristem for the primary growth of plants. Vascular cambium The blue parts represent the Cork location of the cambium apical meristem. 10  Meristematic Tissues Apical Meristem Lateral Meristem Vascular cambium Apical meristems located at the root tips (right) are Cork responsible for the primary growth of plants. The cambium microscopic view of cells (left) shows the apical meristems of Allium cepa. 11  Meristematic Tissues Derivatives Apical Meristem of apical meristems Lateral Meristem Vascular cambium Cork cambium Plant root tip 12 Meristematic Tissues Vascular Cambium Lateral Meristem Cork Cambium 13  Meristematic Tissues Apical Meristem Lateral meristems are responsible Lateral Meristem for the secondary growth of plants. Vascular cambium The red parts represent the Cork location of the cambium lateral meristem. 14  Meristematic Tissues Apical Meristem Lateral Meristem Vascular cambium Cork cambium Vascular cambium gives rise to secondary xylem and phloem. Secondary xylem gives rise to wood. 15  Meristematic Tissues Apical Meristem Lateral Meristem Vascular cambium Cork cambium Cork cambium gives rise to cork cells which replaces epidermis of plants once they mature. Cork cambium, cork, and phloem make up the bark. 16 Is it possible to grow plants by initiating the growth of their meristems instead of seeds? How will it be done? 17 Permanent Tissues Simple permanent tissues are composed of one kind of cell. Permanent Tissues Complex permanent tissues are composed of two or more kinds of cells. 18  Permanent Tissues Simple Permanent Epidermis (Epidermal) It covers the whole body of nonwoody Simple Permanent and young woody plants and is (Ground) protected by a waxy cuticle. ○ The cuticle prevents loss of water Complex Permanent (Xylem) and invasion of disease-causing microorganisms. Complex Permanent (Phloem) 19  Permanent Tissues Simple Permanent Epidermis (Epidermal) The epidermis in roots has root hairs Simple Permanent which help in increasing the (Ground) absorption capacity of roots. Complex Permanent (Xylem) In leaves and in stems, the epidermis has trichomes. These hair-like Complex Permanent outgrowths prevent water loss and (Phloem) reflect excess light. 20  Permanent Tissues Simple Permanent (Epidermal) Simple Permanent (Ground) Complex Permanent (Xylem) Complex Permanent Trichomes are epidermal outgrowths responsible (Phloem) for protecting the plants from water loss. It also reflects excess light. 21  Permanent Tissues Simple Permanent Epidermis (Epidermal) The lower and upper parts of leaves Simple Permanent are protected by the epidermis. (Ground) The lower epidermis of a leaf has Complex Permanent (Xylem) guard cells. Complex Permanent (Phloem) 22  Permanent Tissues Simple Permanent Epidermis (Epidermal) Guard cells are specialized structures Simple Permanent that regulate the opening and closing (Ground) of stomata. Complex Permanent (Xylem) Stomata are slit-like structures on the lower epidermis of leaves which aids Complex Permanent in the exchange of gases between (Phloem) plants and the environment. 23  Permanent Tissues Simple Permanent (Epidermal) Simple Permanent (Ground) Complex Permanent (Xylem) Complex Permanent (Phloem) Guard cells are specialized structures on the lower epidermis of leaves. 24 Why are ground tissues also called fundamental tissues? 25  Permanent Tissues Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma Simple Permanent (Epidermal) Simple Permanent (Ground) Complex Permanent (Xylem) Complex Permanent (Phloem) Parenchyma cells are mostly responsible for the synthesis and storage of plant food. 26  Permanent Tissues Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma Simple Permanent (Epidermal) Simple Permanent (Ground) Complex Permanent (Xylem) Complex Permanent (Phloem) Collenchyma cells provides a furnishing flexible support to immature parts of plants. 27  Permanent Tissues Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma Simple Permanent (Epidermal) Simple Permanent (Ground) Complex Permanent (Xylem) Complex Permanent (Phloem) Sclerenchyma cell has two kinds, namely sclereids and fibers. 28  Permanent Tissues Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma Simple Permanent (Epidermal) Simple Permanent (Ground) Complex Permanent (Xylem) Sclereids strengthen seed coats and are responsible Complex Permanent (Phloem) for gritty-textured flesh of some fruits, while fibers are used commercially as components of making rope and flax fibers. 29  Complex Permanent Tissues Xylem Vascular Tissues Phloem Vascular tissues are the only complex permanent tissues in plants. 30  Permanent Tissues Simple Permanent (Epidermal) Simple Permanent (Ground) Complex Permanent (Xylem) Complex Permanent (Phloem) Microscopic view of xylem in vascular plants 31  Permanent Tissues Simple Permanent Tracheids (Epidermal) Tracheids Simple Permanent are thin and (Ground) elongated cells where Complex Permanent (Xylem) water passes through. Complex Permanent Vascular bundles in roots (Phloem) 32  Permanent Tissues Simple Permanent Vessel Elements (Epidermal) They have Simple Permanent perforated (Ground) plates that allow the Complex Permanent (Xylem) transport of water through Complex Permanent the vessels. Vascular bundles in roots (Phloem) 33  Permanent Tissues Simple Permanent (Epidermal) Phloem is composed of Simple Permanent sieve-tube (Ground) elements that help in the Complex Permanent transport of (Xylem) nutrients throughout the Complex Permanent plant’s body. (Phloem) 34 In what direction does food and sucrose flow in the phloem? Why do you say so? 35  Check Your Understanding Identify the tissues described in each of the following items. 1. It is a tissue responsible for transporting water throughout the plant’s body. 2. It is where apical meristems are located. 3. It regulates the opening of stomata in the lower epidermis of leaves. 36  Check Your Understanding Write TRUE if the statement is correct. If the statement is incorrect, rewrite the whole sentence with the correct word/phrase. 1. Parenchyma cells have thick and uneven primary walls but lack secondary walls. 2. Sieve-tube elements are cells of xylem that transport water and minerals throughout the plant’s body. 3. Cork cambium produces secondary xylem and phloem in mature woody plants. 37  Let’s Sum It Up! Plants have two major tissues, namely meristematic and permanent tissues. ○ Meristematic tissues give rise to permanent tissues which will differentiate into specialized cells with certain functions. ○ Permanent tissues are generally responsible for photosynthesis, support, and transport of water and nutrients 38  Let’s Sum It Up! Apical and lateral meristems are responsible for primary and secondary growth, respectively. ○ Primary growth is an increase in plant’s height. ○ Secondary growth is an increase in plant’s diameter and girth. 39  Let’s Sum It Up! Ground tissues are also called fundamental tissues because their functions are essential for the growth and development of plants. ○ Parenchyma is responsible for storage and photosynthesis. ○ Collenchyma and sclerenchyma provide support to the plant’s body. 40 Let’s Sum It Up! Different types of plant cells 41 Challenge Yourself What are the possible effects of a disrupted flow of food in the phloem? 42 Bibliography Campbell, Neil A. Biology. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Benjamin Cummings, 2008. Ching, Johnny A., Ching, Charmaine E. Biology. Quezon City, Philippines: St. Bernadette Publishing House Corporation, 2012 Mader, Sylvia S., Michael Windelspecht, and Sylvia S. Mader. Introductory Biology. United States: McGraw-Hill Create, 2014. Miller, Kenneth R., and Joseph S. Levine. Prentice Hall Biology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006. Sabile, Mary Jane G., General Biology 2. Quezon City, Philippines: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 2018 43