BIO HWK 1 PDF

Bio Homework Assignment 1: Chapters 1-5 This homework assignment is intended to help you prepare for your Lecture Exam 1; therefore, it would be MOST beneficial to you if you complete the assignment in advanced (i.e. before your Lecture Exam 1). Refer to syllabus for as...

Bio Homework Assignment 1: Chapters 1-5 This homework assignment is intended to help you prepare for your Lecture Exam 1; therefore, it would be MOST beneficial to you if you complete the assignment in advanced (i.e. before your Lecture Exam 1). Refer to syllabus for assignment due date. 1. List the seven properties of life. 1) Ordered organization 2) Regulate internal environment 3) Growth and development 4) Energy processing (metabolism) 5) Response to the environment 6) Reproduction 7) Evolution (adapt) 2. For each of the following organisms, match its description to its most likely domain and/or kingdom: a. A foot-tall organism capable of producing 1. Bacteria (b.) its own food from sunlight b. A microscopic, simple, nucleus free 2. Eukayra/Animalia (d.) organism found in a river-bed c. An inch-tall organism growing on the 3. Eukayra/Fungi (c.) forest floor that eats dead leaves d. A thimble-sized organism that feeds on 4. Eukayra/Plantae (a.) algae growing in a pond 2. Explain the difference between a hypothesis and a theory. A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon or a set of observations, while a theory is a comprehensive explanation supported by abundant evidence. 3. Why is it difficult to draw a conclusion from an experiment that has no control group? It's difficult to draw a conclusion from an experiment that has no control group because there’s no baseline for you to compare your data with. Without a control group, you can’t tell if the changes observed are due to things done in an experiment or other variables. 4. What is an element? What are the four most common elements found in organisms? An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances chemically. The four most common elements found in organisms are Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen. 6. An atom can be changed into an ion by adding or removing electrons. An atom can be changed into a different isotope by adding or removing neutrons. But if you change the number of protons, the atom becomes a different element. 7. Define/describe covalent bonds. A covalent bond is a chemical bond where two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons. This sharing allows each atom to fill its outer electron shell, having a more stable configuration. 8. Explain why ice floats. Ice floats because it is less dense than liquid water. When water freezes, its molecules form a structure that creates more space between them. 9. Why are carbon atoms versatile organic compound ingredients? Carbon atoms are versatile organic compound ingredients because they can form four covalent bods with atoms, which allows them to create complex chains with branching structures. This helps it to make it possible to create large complex molecules. 10. Name three differences between DNA and RNA. DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single stranded. DNA contains thymine, while RNA contains uracil. DNA has the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA has ribose. 11. Match the correct monomer to each of the following macromolecules: a. Cabohydrates 1. Nucleotides (c.) b. Proteins 2. Monosaccharides/sugars (a.) c. Nucleic Acids 3. Triglycerides (d.) d. Lipids 4. Amino acids (b.) 12. A protein is said to be denatured when it loses its normal 3-D shape. Why is this bad for a protein? Denaturing is bad for a protein because its 3-D shape is essential for its full functionality. Since a protein can no longer bind to other molecules or carry out regular tasks when it denatures, its essential biological processes can be disrupted. 13. List three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus, do not have membrane-bound organelles, and are generally smaller. On the other hand, eukaryotic cells have a well-defined, membrane-bound nucleus, contain various membrane-bound organelles, and are larger and more complex. 14. Match the following organelles with their functions: a. ribosomes 1. Movement (b.) b. microtubles 2. Photosynthesis (d.) c. mitochondria 3. protein synthesis (a.) d. chloroplasts 4. Digestion (e.) e. lysosomes 5. cellular respiration (c.) 15. Explain how a phospholipid bilayer would arrange itself in an aqueous solution. In an aqueous solution, the phospholipids arrange themselves into a bilayer since they have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts. Their arrangement forms a stable bilayer that makes up the cell membrane, protecting the hydrophobic tails from water while allowing the heads to interact with the aqueous environment. 16. The ER has two distinct regions that differ in structure and function. Lipids are synthesized within the smooth ER, and protein precursors are synthesized in the rough ER. 17. Energy is the capacity to do work while entropy is a measure of randomness. 18. What is the main difference between passive and active transport in terms of concentration gradients? The main difference between passive and active transport is that passive transport moves substances down their concentration gradient from high to low, without using energy, while active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, from low to high concentration and requires energy. 19. Freshwater fish are adapted to live in a hypotonic environment. What would happen to the cells of a freshwater fish if it was put into a hypertonic solution such as seawater? Why? If a freshwater fish were placed in a hypertonic solution like seawater, its cells would lose water and shrink. This happens because in a hypertonic environment, there is a higher concentration of solutes outside the fish's cells than inside. Water would then move out of the cells to balance the concentration, leading to dehydration and cell shrinkage. 20. Explain two ways an inhibitor can disrupt an enzyme’s activity. A competitive inhibitor binds to the enzyme's active site, blocking the substrate from binding. This prevents the enzyme from carrying out its normal reaction since the active site is occupied by the inhibitor instead of the substrate. Another way is with a non-competitive inhibitor binds to a different part of the enzyme, changing the enzyme's shape. This alters the active site so the substrate can no longer bind effectively, even though the inhibitor doesn’t occupy the active site directly.