BIO 3001L Lab 1 - Vertebrate Animal Tissues PDF

BIO 3001L Lab #1 – Vertebrate Animal Tissues  Objectives Understand the general classification scheme for vertebrate tissues List examples, functions, and distinguishing features of each type of tissue Associate structure with function for each type of tissue...

BIO 3001L Lab #1 – Vertebrate Animal Tissues  Objectives Understand the general classification scheme for vertebrate tissues List examples, functions, and distinguishing features of each type of tissue Associate structure with function for each type of tissue that you examine  Terminology Tissues – cells with similar structure and function (e.g., muscle tissue) Organs – structures composed of different tissues grouped together and having an integrated function (e.g., stomach) Systems – organs that work together to perform a related function (e.g., digestive system) Histology – study of the microscopic anatomy of tissues  Epithelial Tissue Epithelial cells protect the body – cover exterior of organism, line the gut, and line the coelomic cavity Functions: – protect underlying tissues from dehydration and mechanical damage – provides a selectively permeable barrier that facilitates or impedes the passage of materials – provide sensory surfaces – secrete fluids  Types of Epithelial Tissue Simple epithelium – tissue occurs in a single layer Stratified epithelium – multiple layers of tissue Glandular epithelium – highly modified epithelial cells that do not function in a protective role, but are more active metabolically  Simple Epithelium Irregular and flattened; Cube shape, often have relatively inactive; line Column shape, often have cilia cilia and secrete fluids; line lung alveoli, kidney and secrete fluids; lines kidney tubules, glandular filtration tubules, major stomach, small intestine, and ducts, ovaries, and the large intestine, uterus, upper thyroid gland cavities of the body respiratory tract, portions of spinal cord…  Cheek Cells 100x 400x Methylene blue will stain skin and clothing! Kidney Cells (prepared slides) cuboidal cells  Columnar Epithelium (p.s.) Key G - Goblet cell L - Lumen E - Epithelium N - Nuclei Modified Simple Columnar Epithelium, 20x, Small intestine Stratified Epithelium (p.s.) Note: stratified epithelium is classified on the basis of the shape of the cells in the TOP LAYER ONLY; cells in the lower layers may take any shape Stratified squamous epithelium Pseudostratified Epithelium (p.s.) CILIA Pseudostratified epithelium may appear to be several layers, but all of the cells reach the basement membrane and the epithelium is simple. There is only one layer, but the location of nuclei at different levels gives the appearance of multiple layers (stratification).  Glandular Epithelium (p.s.) 40x 400x Liver tissue  Connective Tissue Support and defend the body, store foods Typically suspended in an extracellular matrix Two major classes – connective tissue proper loose and dense – special connective tissue blood, cartilage, bone  Connective Tissue Proper Loose connective tissue – cells scattered within an amorphous mass of proteins that form a ground substance – most common type of connective tissue in vertebrates – includes areolar tissue, reticular tissue, and adipose tissue – holds organs in place, attaches epithelial tissue to underlying tissues, surrounds blood vessels and nerves  2 1 Subcutaneous tissue 4 3 1 - network of fibers 2 - dispersed fibroblast 3 - fat storage in adipocytes 4 – nucleus of adipocyte Adipose tissue  Macrophages Reticulin (stained)  Connective Tissue Proper Dense connective tissue – contains tightly packed collagen fibers – forms strong, rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments ligaments are more “stretchy” and contain more elastic fibers than tendons – makes up the lower layers of the skin (dermis), where it is arranged in sheets  Tendon (longitudinal section)  Ligament (cross section) Special Connective Tissue SEM image of RBCs Plasma Blood smear SEM image of white blood cell Special Connective Tissue Hyaline cartilage Elastic cartilage Special Connective Tissue Bone tissue Muscle Tissue Nervous Tissue