SAS 01: The Science of Zoology and the Biological Principles of Life PDF
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Southwestern University PHINMA
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A detailed document examining the characteristics and scientific principles of life, including specific studies on zoology.
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SAS 01: The Science of Zoology and tructure, which makes a complexcellstructure.Allthese s...
SAS 01: The Science of Zoology and tructure, which makes a complexcellstructure.Allthese s the Biological Principles of Life cells make a complex organism, and this organism also has complex interactions with other organisms. oology Z → An organism is well organized, from an anatomical → It is the scientific study of animal life (Greek zoion = perspective(cells>tissues>organs>organism),andeven “animal” + logos = “a study”). fromataxonomicperspective(Kingdom>phylum>class> → It encompasses all scientific knowledge about animals, order > family > genus > species). their embryonic development, evolution, characteristics and physiology, ecological distribution, and classification. . Reproduction 3 → Zoology isaveryoldscience.Infact,itisasoldasman → All living things can reproduce themselves itself,becauseitwasbuiltoncenturiesofhumaninquiryinto Life does not arise spontaneously, but has to come only the animal world. from prior life. → Organismal reproduction demonstrates both heredity Aristotle and variation: i. Heredity – the transmission of traits from parents to Ancient Greek philosopher. offspring Created and first wrote about the science of biology. ii. Variation – the production of differences among traits Classified 540 animal species. → The interaction of heredity and variation needs to be Organized creatures in a graded scale of perfection balanced because it is important for evolution to occur (plants at the bottom, man at the top). Classification system was considered the standard until over time. the 12th century AD. . Possession of Genetic Material 4 Albertus Magnus → Provides the fidelity of inheritance in the form of DNA. → The genetic code is consistent among living forms, Dominican friar and Catholic bishop. providing strong evidence for a single origin of life. Expanded Aristotle's work. WroteDe Animalibus libre XXVI. . Metabolism 5 Produced the most extensive studies of zoological → Living organisms maintain themselves by acquiring observation of the time. nutrients from theirenvironment,whichareusedtoobtain Writings considered the most advanced in zoology and chemical energy and molecular components for building natural sciences until Charles Darwin's work. and maintaining the living system. i. Catabolism (destructivemetabolism)-thebreakdownof complex molecules to form simple ones. ifficult to define “life” D ii. Anabolism (constructive metabolism) -thesynthesisof Thereisnosimpledefinitiontodefinelifebecauseitshistory complex molecules from simple ones together with the shows extensive andongoingchange.Tostudytheoriginof storage of energy. life, wemustaskhoworganicmoleculesacquiredtheability for precise replication. . Growth and Development 6 → All organisms pass through a characteristic life cycle escription of Living Organisms? D → An organism characteristics changes from its young Althoughwecannotforcelifeintoasimpledefinition,wecan form to adult form, usually features readilyidentifythelivingworldthroughthegeneralproperties changes in size, shape, and differentiation of structures. or common characteristics of life: . Environmental Interaction and Irritability 7 → All animals interact with their environments . Chemical Uniqueness 1 → Living systems demonstrate a unique and complex → Irritability = all organisms respond to environmental stimuli, allowing them to adapt and survive. molecular organization. → All living things are composed of biological → Life and environment are inseparable. macromolecules (nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, . Movement 8 and lipids/fats). → Living systems and their parts show precise and controlled movements arising from within the system. . Complexity and Organization 2 → Living systems demonstrate a unique and complex → Theenergytheyextractfromtheirenvironmentpermits them to initiate controlled movement,whetherintheform hierarchical organization of locomotion(getawayfromharm,findingfood,disperse → Alllivingthingsarecomplexinalllevels,fromchemical toanothergeographiclocation,etc.)orthroughgrowthand level to societal level. They have complex molecular/DNA reproduction.
