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# Honors World Religions: The Protestant Reformation & Christian Denominations ## Worksheet ## Part 1: The Protestant Reformation **1. Historical Context:** Briefly describe the religious, political, and social conditions in Europe that led to the Protestant Reformation. **2. Key Figures:** Mat...

# Honors World Religions: The Protestant Reformation & Christian Denominations ## Worksheet ## Part 1: The Protestant Reformation **1. Historical Context:** Briefly describe the religious, political, and social conditions in Europe that led to the Protestant Reformation. **2. Key Figures:** Match the following individuals with their contributions to the Reformation: * **Martin Luther:** Challenged the Catholic Church with his 95 Theses, emphasizing salvation by faith alone. * **John Calvin:** Introduced the doctrine of predestination and led the Reformation in Geneva. * **Henry VIII:** Created the Church of England after a dispute with the Pope over his marriage. * **Ulrich Zwingli:** Led the Reformation in Switzerland and rejected many Catholic rituals. **3. The 95 Theses:** What were Martin Luther's main criticisms of the Catholic Church in his 95 Theses? * The sale of indulgences * The corruption of church officials * The belief that salvation could be attained through faith alone rather than good works **4. Technology and Ideas:** How did the invention of the printing press contribute to the spread of Reformation ideas? * Allowed mass production of pamphlets and books, spreading Reformation ideas quickly. **5. The Catholic Response:** What was the Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation, and how did the Counter-Reformation seek to address Protestant concerns? * The Catholic Church responded with the Counter-Reformation, which included reforms to address corruption, reaffirmation of doctrines, and the establishment of the Jesuit order to promote education and missionary work. ## Part 2: Christian Denominations Resulting from the Reformation **6. Denominational Differences:** Complete the chart below by summarizing key beliefs and practices of the following Christian denominations that emerged from the Reformation. | Denomination | Key Beliefs | Key Practices | |---|---|---| | Lutheranism | Salvation by faith alone; authority of scripture | Emphasis on preaching; simple worship; use of sacraments. | | Calvinism (Reformed) | Predestination; sovereignty of God & total depravity | Simple worship; strong emphasis on sermons and communion (viewed symbolically). | | Anglicanism (Church of England) | Middle path between Catholicism and Protestantism; authority of scripture and tradition | Book of Common Prayer; sacraments viewed as formal acts. | | Anabaptism | Adult baptism only & separation of church/state; pacifism | Simple worship; communal living; emphasis on believer's baptism. | **7. Modern Impacts:** How has the Protestant Reformation shaped modern Christianity? Provide at least two examples. * Promoted individual interpretation of scripture, leading to the development of various denominations. **8. Reflection:** In your opinion, what was the most significant impact of the Reformation on world history? Explain your reasoning in at least 5 sentences. The most significant impact was the promotion of religious freedom and individualism, leading to the separation between church and state and influencing democracy and human rights. The Reformation also spurred education, literacy, and critical thinking. Additionally, it paved the way for scientific inquiry and Enlightenment values. Overall, the Reformation's emphasis on individual conscience and scripture helped shape modern Western society.