Interviewing Skills PDF

INTERVIEW AND INTERVEWING SKILLS IN CLNICAL PRACTICE By Raana Ali What is an interview? Basically ,an interview is a conversation between two people (the interviewer and the candidate) where questions are asked by the interviewer to obtain information from...

INTERVIEW AND INTERVEWING SKILLS IN CLNICAL PRACTICE By Raana Ali What is an interview? Basically ,an interview is a conversation between two people (the interviewer and the candidate) where questions are asked by the interviewer to obtain information from the interviewee. Types of Interviews  Face-To-Face Interview  Behavioral Interview  Phone Interview  Panel Interview  Stress Interview  Technical Interview Different Kinds Of Interview  Face-To-Face Interview  This is a traditional interview and the most common type.  In this interview the candidate and the interviewer meets face-to-face.  The main concept of the interview is to build rapport with the interviewer and show how the qualifications will benefit their organization/institute.  The interviewee should maintain eye contact, and respond to all the questions of the interviewer.  Behavioral Interview  A common type of job interview in the modern workplace is the behavioral interview or behavioral event interview, also called a competency-based interview. This type of interview is based on the notion that a job candidate's previous behaviors are the best indicators of future performance. In behavioral interviews, the interviewer asks candidates to recall specific instances where they were faced with a set of circumstances, and how they reacted. Behavioral Interview Questions  "Describe a time you had to work with someone you didn't like."  "Tell me about a time when you had to stick by a decision you had made, even though it made you very unpopular."  "Give us an example of something particularly innovative that you have done that made a difference in the workplace."  "Have you ever witnessed a person doing something that you felt was against company policy. What did you do and why?" Phone Interviews  Telephone Interviews take place if a recruiter wishes to reduce the number of prospective candidates before deciding on a shortlist for face- to-face interviews. They also take place if applicant is a significant distance away from the premises of the hiring company such as abroad or in another state. PANEL INTERVIEW  Panel means a selection committee that is appointed for interviewing the candidate.  Panel may include three or five members.  Questions are asked to candidates about different aspects and marks are given to each candidate.  Final decision are taken by all members collectively by rating the candidates STRESS INTERVIEW  The interview, attempts to find how applicants would respond to aggressive, embarrassing, rude and insulting questions.  A stress interview allows interviewers to see how well you work under pressure Stress interview means-  Being asked more than one questions at a time;  Being asked further questions without being allowed adequate time to respond;  Being questioned in an interrogatory tone and voice;  Being asked an unrelated bunch of questions;  Having his feelings provoked. Technical Interview  This kind of interview focuses on problem solving and creativity. The questions aim at your problem- solving skills and likely show your ability and creativity. Sometimes these interviews will be on a computer module with multiple-choice questions. Do’s and Don'ts of Interviewing  Do not assume anything  Do not form pre-judgments  Do ask both open and closed questions  Do verify understanding through probing and confirming questions  Do avoid confrontation  Do act in a friendly but professional manner  Do not interrupt  Do listen actively  Do take notes but do not be obtrusive about it Do’s and Don'ts of Interviewing  Do let the interviewee do most of the talking  Do establish rapport early and maintain it  Do maintain control over the subject matter  Do establish a time frame for the interview and stick to it  Do conclude positively  Do be polite and courteous. Interviewing the Patient, Taking a History, and Documentation 15 Introduction Conducting the patient interview and recording the necessary medical history are essential to the practitioner's examination process. How you conduct yourself during the first few moments with the patient can make a major difference in the patient’s attitude. 16 The Patient Interview and History Ask the patient specific pieces of information called data. Chief complaint is subjective statement by patient describing the most significant symptoms or signs of illness. 17 Medical and Health History ❑Basis for all treatment ❑Becomes a legal record ❑Provides information of the treatment rendered for research, reportable ❑Must be complete and diseases and insurance claims. accurate to be a good defense in case of legal action. All information regarding the patient should be documented precisely and accurately! 18  Patient Responsibilities Patients have responsibility to: Provide information that is accurate about past medical conditions Participate in decisions 19  Patient’s Responsibilities (cont.) Patients must: Inform physician if they anticipate problems in following any prescribed treatment. Follow the physician orders for treatment. Provide healthcare agencies with necessary information for insurance claims and work with healthcare facility to make arrangement to pay fees. 20 Interviewing Skills To conduct an interview you will need: ❑To be effective listener ❑To be aware of nonverbal clues and body language ❑To use a broad knowledge base ❑To summarize to form a general picture 22 Interviewing Successfully Seven steps for interviewing success: Do your research before the patient interview Plan the interview. Approach the patient and request the interview. Conduct the interview in private. Deal with sensitive topics with respect. Do not diagnose or give diagnostic opinions. Formulate the general picture. 23 Apply Your Knowledge What type of question is the following, “How have you been managing your diabetes? 24 Apply Your Knowledge -Answer What type of question is the following, “How have you been managing your diabetes? An open-ended question which will allow the patient to explain the situation more clearly. 25 Your Role as an Observer Nonverbal communication Listening attentively and observing the patient closely may help detect a problem that might otherwise go unnoted. 26 Anxiety Common emotional  Severe anxiety- patient response when seeing a has difficulty focusing physician (white coat on details, feels syndrome.) panicky and almost Mild anxiety –You have helpless. constant worries but you  Lack of focus will can generally ignore them. hinder your ability to get the information and cooperation needed. 27 Depression Common symptoms Profound sadness Fatigue Difficulty in falling asleep Loss of appetite Loss of energy Occurs in late adolescence, middle age, and after retirement. 28 Physical and Psychological Abuse Suspect abuse if the patient speaks in a guarded way. Unlikely explanation for an injury No history of the injury or history may be suspicious. 29 Signs of Physical Abuse Child’s failure to thrive Severe dehydration or underweight Delayed medical attention Hair loss Drug use 30 Abused Elderly Disabilities that make an elderly person dependent can also leave him defenseless against abuse. May have suspicious injuries or show signs of neglect 31 Drug and Alcohol Abuse Patient may behave unpredictably, have mood changes , suffer loss of appetite and be constantly tired. Patient may have no apparent signs or symptoms at first, but may have bruises and trembling hands. Patient may suffer blackouts Patient may become secretive and guilty about drinking 32 Apply Your Knowledge While interviewing a female patient you notice bruises on her forearms and face. You ask her how she got the bruises and she says she cannot remember but she must have fallen down. What should you do? 33 Apply Your Knowledge -Answer While interviewing a female patient you notice bruises on her forearms and face. You ask her how she got the bruises and she says she cannot remember but she must have fallen down. What should you do? Bruises may be a sign of abuse. You should notify the HOD immediately if you suspect any type of abuse. 34 The Six C’s of Charting 1. Client words must be recorded exactly. 2. Clarity is essential when describing the patient’s condition. 3. Completeness is required. 4. Conciseness can save time and space. 5. Chronological order and date all entries. 6. Confidentiality to protect the patient’s privacy. 35 Contents of the Patient’s Charts Registration Form Patient medical history Test results Records from other physician or hospitals Physician’s diagnosis and treatment plan Operative reports Informed consents Discharge summary and correspondences 36 Charting using SOAP S – Subjective data: demographic data, chief complaints, history of past medical illness. Family history, personal social history, O – Objective data: readily apparent and measurable data, physical examination, general appearance, consciousness, physique, clinical signs( clubbing, cyanosis, palor, jaundice etc) A – Assessment: physician’s diagnosis and impression P – Plan of action: options for treatment/ prognosis 37 Recording the Patient’s Medical History Includes pertinent information about the patient and the patient’s family. Age, previous illness, surgical history, allergies, medications history and family medical history. 39 Methods of Charting Conventional or Source-Oriented Medical Records (SOMR) – arrange according to who provided the information. Problem – Oriented Medical Record (POMR) more extensively and includes databases, problem list and plans of care. Computerized Medical Records – uses both SOMR & POMR from a computer terminal. 40 Health History Form demographic Data Chief Complaint History of Present Illness Past Medical History Family History Social and personal History Review of Systems 41 Apply Your Knowledge In what part of the health history form would you record information about whether a patient smokes, drinks, or uses tobacco? 42 Apply Your Knowledge -Answer In what part of the health history form would you record information about whether a patient smokes, drinks, or uses tobacco? The social and personal history portion of the health history form. 43 Summary Taking a thorough history and using proper documentation methods will allow you to ensure that the patient’s records are complete and accurate. Using interviewing skills effectively will help make the interview productive as well as comfortable for the patient. 44 End of Chapter Thank you 45