Natural History of the Disease (BEPH Lesson 15) PDF

Lesson 15 Natural History of the disease Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health Prof. Eugenia García Zaragozá, PhD Bachelor in Dentistry ACADEMIC YEAR 2023-2024 ÍNDICE TABLE CONTENIDOS OF CONTENTS 1. Natural history of the disease 2. Example of disease: Measles 2 1. Natural History of...

Lesson 15 Natural History of the disease Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health Prof. Eugenia García Zaragozá, PhD Bachelor in Dentistry ACADEMIC YEAR 2023-2024 ÍNDICE TABLE CONTENIDOS OF CONTENTS 1. Natural history of the disease 2. Example of disease: Measles 2 1. Natural History of disease Health and disease 3 1. Natural History of disease A process 4 1. Natural History of disease A process 5 2. Example of disease Measles Acute contagious exanthematous disease caused by the measles virus. It is characterized by a febrile prodromal period with respiratory manifestations, followed by a generalized maculopapular rash. 6 Measles Period of pre-pathogenesis • Agent: RNA-virus • Host: Humans, higher frequency in infants • Enviroment: Temperate areas, end of winter and spring 7 Measles Period of pathogenesis • Contact with the virus • Incubation period 7-18 days • Fever 10 days • Exanthema 14 days 8 Measles Clinical Horizon • Fever • Dry cough • Runny nose • Sore throat • Conjunctivitis • Koplik’s spots • Skin rash 9 Measles Clinical phase • Dry cough (5-10 days) • Koplik’s spots • Skin rash 10 Measles Complications • Ear infection • Bronchitis, laringitis or croup • Pneumonia • Encephalitis (months later) • Pregnancy problems 11 Measles Resolution • Recovery • Became chronic: Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis • Death 12 Measles Primary prevention • Healthcare and education • Isolation of infected individuals • Immunization (vaccination) 13 Measles Secundary prevention • Early diagnosis • Treatment • Prevent chronic developement 14 Measles Tertiary prevention • Isolation • Rest • Control of body temperature • Fluid Therapy • Dimly lit 15 Remember • • • • Natural history of a disease is its progression in an individual over time, in the absence of treatment During its initial pre-pathogenesis period there is contact between the agent, the host and the environment. At this point, primary prevention (health promotion and immunization) is developed. The pathogenic period follows, in which the clinical horizon traces an imaginary line from which the symptoms and clinical signs of the disease will appear. During the presymptomatic or latency period we can do secondary prevention (early diagnosis and treatment). During the period of clinical disease we can carry out tertiary prevention to slow down the progression or consequences of the disease. The last is the resolution period, which can have three different outcomes: recovery, disability/chronicity, death 16 REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRÁFICAS -Somerville M., Kumaran K., Anderson R. Public Health and Epidemiology at a Glance, First Edition. 2012. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. -Gordis L., Epidemiology, 4th Edition. 2009. Saunders Elsevier. 17 Prof. Eugenia García Zaragozá, PhD [email protected] UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia © © UCAM UCAM