BECOMING A MEMBER OF SOCIETY (1) PDF

UCSP 11 BECOMING A MEMBER OF SOCIETY ENCULTURATION & SOCIALIZATION Enculturation is the process by which individuals acquire the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values that enable them to become functioning members of their societies. Socialization, on the other hand, is the process whereby t...

UCSP 11 BECOMING A MEMBER OF SOCIETY ENCULTURATION & SOCIALIZATION Enculturation is the process by which individuals acquire the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values that enable them to become functioning members of their societies. Socialization, on the other hand, is the process whereby the individual's behavior is modified to conform to the expectation of the group.  AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION The family is the primary agent of socialization of an individual upon birth, throughout infancy, and up to childhood. Parents and other family members are essential for the early care and development of the child.  AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION Schools have a critical and active role in socialization, as their various academic and social activities mold students' beliefs, values, and attitudes. Schools teach value improvement.  AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION Peer groups also reinforce acceptable behaviors introduced by the family and school, allow a certain degree of independence from family and certain figures of authority, and are also a means of socialization and involvement in social and political issues.  AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION Mass media includes forms of communication such as books, magazines, newspapers, other print materials, radio, television, and movies. It is a powerful agent of socialization which is widely used by many institutions and organizations involved in the use of print and electronic Communication. THREE LEVELS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT The vegetative level refers to embryo and early infancy, this is characterized by preoccupation with food. The infant grabs things and brings them directly to the mouth the main thought of the infant is survival. THREE LEVELS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT The animal level is characterized by desires for sex and reproduction. At this stage man is no different from animals in their need for food and sex. At this stage, the socialization of man is incomplete. THREE LEVELS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT The human level is considered the attainment of human of a personality. This implies the assimilation of behavior, attitudes, and values the society considers necessary and important to the well-being of the group.  SOCIAL NORMS Social norms are standards of behavior which tell whether an action is right or wrong: appropriate or not. They represent standardized generalizations concerning expected modes of behavior, among the norms observer by society include folkways, mores and laws. Folkways Mores Laws Sanctions  FOLKWAYS Folkways are customary ways of doing things which are fairly weak forms of norms, whose violation is generally not considered serious within a particular culture. They are the habits, customs and repetitive patterns of behavior.  MORES Mores are special folkways with moral and ethical values which are strongly held and emphasized. These include customs, values, and behaviors that are accepted by a particular group, culture, etc.  LAWS Laws are formalized norms enacted by people vested with authority. These laws reinforce the mores.  SANCTIONS Sanctions are penalties or other means of enforcement used to provide incentives for obedience with the law, or with rules and regulations. To ensure that individuals conform to the norms or behave in ways prescribed within society, sanctions are applied to attain the individual's conformity and acceptance of its norms.  FORMS OF SANCTIONS A. Informal sanctions come in unfavorable or favorable public opinion, giving or withdrawing of support, or gossip. B. Formal sanctions may be in the nature of getting high academic ratings, awards in school, promotion or salary increase for employees, medals or plaques of honor, certifications of merit or other citations fort achievement.  STATUS AND ROLE Status refers to one's position or place in a social group. It can be ascribed, a status that is assigned to an individual from birth; or achieved, that which one acquires either by choice or by force or through some form of competition and individual effort. Role refers to the functional and dynamic aspect of the status. It is the totality of cultural patterns and behaviour expected of a particular status.  FORMS OF ROLES A. Role as expectation refers to the rights, duties and obligations an individual has while occupying a status. B. Role as performance refers to how the individual actually behaves while occupying the status.  FORMS OF ROLES C. Role conflict arises when an individual encounters conflicting demands from his two or more statuses. This happens when in his performance of one role; such would run counter to another role. (e.g. student vs brother, boss vs friend) D. Role set refers to the individual's repertoire (list) of performances towards variety of others while he/she occupies a given status. (e.g. professor's role set) SOCIALIZATION FOR SEX ROLES Societies categorize their members into males and females and each is viewed as a distinct sex or gender. Gender differences are a function of cultural patterns which prescribe the different expectations and norms of behavior for boys and girls.  TYPES OF SOCIAL CONTROL Positive and negative Formal and informal control means Formal control is designed and The positive means of social regulated by some authority like control is through praise, the government which makes prizes, fame, respect and laws to control order. Informal promotion. The negative control is the unwritten rules means include criticism, and regulation characterized by gossip, punishment and informal authority like criticism, ostracism. sociability, and public opinion. CASE SITUATION: You were invited to attend a party. You were so excited about the event. Upon arrival, you were shocked to discover that you are overdressed for the occasion. What would you do? How would you feel? Why? CONFORMITY Adjusting one's behavior or thinking to correspond with a group criterion. The "chameleon effect" A social psychology phenomenon wherein people tend to make themselves blend into the environment.  DEVIANCE Deviance is defined as the recognized violation of cultural norms. When most of us think of deviant behaviour, we think of someone who is breaking the law or acting out in a negative manner. Deviancy, however, must not be construed in as always negative. This may be tolerated, approved or disapproved. MOST COMMON DEVIANCE  DEVIANT BEHAVIOR Social pathology - considers deviant behavior as the result of a societal disease which must be isolated, contained and treated. Biological pathology maintains that deviance results from actual physical illness, malfunctions or deformities.  DEVIANT BEHAVIOR Social Disorganization - Cultural conflict suggests that deviant and criminal behavior results when two normative systems come into contact. Member expectations in one system differ from those of the other, thus, actions outside the dominant normative system appear deviant.  DEVIANT BEHAVIOR The labelling Theory - suggests that what defines deviance is the action of others or by the actors themselves. The crucial variable here is the power of the labeller. If the individual or group is not powerful enough to effectively affix the deviant label on a person displaying out-of-the-ordinary behavior, then no consequence will likely to follow. HUMAN RIGHTS AND DIGNITY HUMAN RIGHTS- are legal, social and ethical principles that consider the human person as deserving of liberties and protection by virtue of his or her human dignity. HUMAN DIGNITY- is an intangible idea of one's self respect, self esteem and self regard. 30 BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS LISTED IN THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS CREATED BY THE UNITED NATIONS: 1. WE ARE BORN FREE AND EQUAL. We are all born free. We all have our own thoughts and ideas. We should all be treated in the same way. 2. DON'T DISCRIMINATE. These rights belong to everybody whatever our differences. 3. THE RIGHT TO LIFE. We all have the right to life and to live in freedom and safety. 4. NO SLAVERY. - past and present. Nobody has any right to make us a slave. We cannot make anyone our slave. 5. NO TORTURE. Nobody has any right to hurt us or to torture us. 6. WE ALL HAVE THE SAME RIGHT TO USE THE LAW. I am a person just like you. 7. WE ARE ALL PROTECTED BY THE LAW. 8. FAIR TREATMENT BY FAIR COURTS. 9. NO UNFAIR DETAINMENT. 10. THE RIGHT TO TRIAL.