Basic Life Support PDF

LECTURES ON BASIC FIR ST AID AND CARDIO PULMONAR Y RESUCITATION 1 REFERENCES: American Heart Association 2005 CPR Guideines …….you can make the difference….. 2 ✵Infant – from neonatal period to age of...

LECTURES ON BASIC FIR ST AID AND CARDIO PULMONAR Y RESUCITATION 1 REFERENCES: American Heart Association 2005 CPR Guideines …….you can make the difference….. 2 ✵Infant – from neonatal period to age of 1 year (12 months) ✵Child -1 to 8 years old ✵Adult – from 8 years old and above 3  BASIC FACTS AND STATISTICS OF LIFE THREATHENING SITUATION ⮚75-80% of all sudden cardiac death happen at home ⮚Approx. 95% of sudden cardiac death dies before they reach the hospital ⮚Death in sudden cardiac death is not inevitable ⮚Brain death occur 4-6 minutes after sudden cardiac death if no CPR and defibrillation ⮚Effective CPR can double victim’s chance of survival ⮚ If no CPR, chances of survival fall to7-10% for every minute of delay until defibrillation 4 Ref: Zoll Medical  QUESTIONS Can I be sued if I performed CPR wrongly? “Theoretically yes! But no case of law suit against CPR have ever been recorded successful. According to a lawyer as long as the intent of saving the Click for advice life of the person supersedes everything then you are far from the danger of being held liable”. 5  why your own safety must come first You must stay calm… And check for danger! If there’s danger, keep well back. Call for help at once. 6  LIFE THREATHENING EMERGENCIES ⮚Cardiac arrest ⮚Heart attack ⮚Stroke ⮚Choking (foreign-body airway obstruction) 7  CPR ALGORITHM FOR AN ADULT VICTIM The lungs carry oxygen into the blood when you breathe. The heart pumps the blood to every part of the body. Every part of the body needs oxygen. Without it, the body dies. If someone’s breathing stops…. …or if someone’s heart stops beating… …no oxygen gets through. That person is in big trouble. Could you save them? 8  3. how to perform CPR on an adult Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation – CPR for short. It sounds complicated - but it’s not that tricky. You press on someone’s chest and breathe into someone’s mouth to keep them alive. The chest compressions do the job of the heart – pushing blood around the body, the breathing gets oxygen into their lungs. 9  STEPS OF BASIC LIFE SUPPORT The steps of BLS can easily be remembered through the following Pneumonics: D is for Danger R is for Response A is for Airway B is for Breathing C is for Compressions 10  STEPS OF BASIC LIFE SUPPORT Remember You spot someone lying on : the pavement in the street on your way home. What should you do? D is for Danger 1. ASSESS FOR DANGER Survey the scene first to assure your safety: > Is it safe for me to approach the person? – Is the person just asleep or drunk or have fallen over? – Why has no one else stopped? 11  ASSESS FOR RESPONSIVENESS Remember : D is for Danger R is for Response For adult & child :TAP THE VICTIM’S SHOULDER AND SHOUT, “ARE YOU OK?” Only an unresponsive 12 For infant: TAP THE INFANT’S FOOT AND victim needs CPR!  OPEN THE AIRWAY If the person doesn’t respond, call for help! OPEN THE AIRWAY USING THE HEAD-TILT- 1. Place your handMANEUVER CHIN-LIFT on the casualty’s forehead and gently tilt the head backwards. 2. Place two fingers on the tip of the casualty’s chin and lift the chin. D is for Danger R is for Response A is for Airway 13  HEAD TILT-CHIN-LIFT-MANUEVER When someone’s unconscious, the tongue goes floppy and can fall to the back of the throat. This may prevent air getting through. 14  HEAD TILT-CHIN-LIFT-MANUEVER But when the head is tipped back, the tongue is pulled forward, allowing air through. Simply opening the airway like this can save a life because it allows them to breathe. 15  CHECK FOR BREATHING Use the three (3) senses to check someone’s breathing. Listen for breathing. Put your 3ear close to unconscious person’s Look along the body to mouth and nose. 1 is see if the chest moving up and down. Remember: D is for Danger R is for Response 2 on your Feel for breath cheek. A is for Airway B is for Breathing Check for ten seconds 16 HOW TO GIVE RESCUE BREATHING 1. HOLD VICTIM’S AIRWAY OPEN. 2. PINCH NOSE USING THE THUMB AND INDEX FINGER. 3. SEAL VICTIM’S MOUTH WITH YOUR LIPS 4. GIVE ONE FULL BREATH, ENOUGH TO RAISE THE VICTIM’S CHEST. 5. AFTER 5 SECONDS INTERVAL GIVE, ANOTHER FULL BREATH. 17 Artificial Respiration ( -RR, + PR ) 18  1 cycle AR is 25 seconds LLF for 2 seconds with palpation of pulse 2 initial blows 1, 1002, 1003, 1001 blow, 1, 1002, 1003, 1002 blow, 1, 1002, 1003, 1003 blow, 1, 1002, 1003, 1004 blow until 24 counts LLF for 2 seconds with palpation of pulse 19 note! if there is still no RR but with PR, continue AR until 12 cycle as fast as you can with the maximum of 4.6 minutes. Prolonged procedure may lead to brain damage and eventually death. (+RR,+PR ) proceed to RECOVER Y POSITION (-RR,-PR ) proceed to CPR 20  DELIVER EFFECTIVE COMPRESSIONS COMPRESSION – IT IS THE ACT OF PUSHING HARD AND FAST AT THE VICTIM’S CHEST TO STIMULATE CARDIAC CONTRACTIONS. Remember: D is for Danger R is for Response A is for Airway B is for Breathing C is for Compressions The breathing provides oxygen into the lungs and oxygen mixes with blood. The chest compressions do the job of the heart – pushing oxygenated blood around the body. 21 EFFECTIVE COMPRESSIONS Position self at the victim’s side. Make sure that victim is lying flat on a hard surface. Expose victim’s chest. Put the heel of one hand on the center of the victim’s bare chest. Put the heel of the other hand on top of the first hand The position of the hand must be on the breast bone at the nipple line. 22 EFFECTIVE COMPRESSIONS Push hard and push fast at 100-120 per minute! Chest Compression depth must be 2 to 2.4 inches (5-6cm) 30 compressions should take 15-18 seconds Allow chest recoil in every compressions. 23  CPR (-RR, - PR ) 26  1 cycle of CPR is composed of 30 compressions and 2 Artificial breathing in 16-18 seconds LLF for 2 seconds with pulse palpation 2 initial blows then proceed to chest compression, -check chest recoil every compression there should be 2-3 chest compressions in 1 second 1&2&3&4&5&6&7&8&9&10,11,12,13,14,15,.......30 LLF for 2 seconds; pulse palpation (-RR,-PR ) give 2 final blows 27  note! if there is + PR,+ RR proceed with the recovery position!.. if there is still no PR, continue CPR until 5 cycle. Check for the signs when to stop doing CPR. 28  WHEN TO STOP CPR S - Spontaneous breathing and pulse are restored. T - Victim is turned-over to medical services or properly trained and authorized personnel. O - Operator (rescuer) is already exhausted and cannot continue CPR. P – Physician assumes responsibility (declares death, takes over, etc) 29  HOW TO PUT THE VICTIM IN RECOVERY POSITION This shows you how to put someone in the recovery position. Watch the clip twice. TO PLACE VICTIM IN A RECOVERY POSITION 30  Plenary The main points again… > check for danger > try to get a response > open the airway > check for breathing > give chest compressions. Remember it all like this…. 31  FOREIGN BODY AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION 32  6. how to treat choking on a conscious adult ✔Ask, “Are you choking?”. If victim only nodded without speaking, this is a sign of severe airway obstruction ✔Only attempt relief during signs of severe airway obstruction ✔Deliver abdominal thrust Choking is the hindrance of breathing due in rapid movement until to an obstruction of the throat or windpipe. relieved The abdominal thrust (Heimlich maneuver) should be conducted to try to dislodge the object. 33 6. how to treat choking on a conscious adult 34  how to treat choking on an unconscious adult/child If you find a responsive choking victim lying down, perform abdominal thrusts with the victim lying down If the choking victim is unresponsive, call for help, open the airway, remove the object if you can see it, and begin CPR. 36 37 38  THANK YOU AND GOOD DAY! 39