Basic Concepts of Sexual Health PDF

BASİC CONCEPTS OF SEXUAL HEALTH ASST. PROF. TÜLAY KAVLAK SEXUAL HEALTH REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH (SH/RH) PRESENTATION PLAN Defination of Sexual Health Definition of Reproductive Health The Importance of Sexual and Reproductive Health...

BASİC CONCEPTS OF SEXUAL HEALTH ASST. PROF. TÜLAY KAVLAK SEXUAL HEALTH REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH (SH/RH) PRESENTATION PLAN Defination of Sexual Health Definition of Reproductive Health The Importance of Sexual and Reproductive Health Different Perspectives on Sexuality Sexual Rights DEFINITION OF THE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH  Reproductive health is defined as "the absence of disease and disability in all areas related to the reproductive system, its functions and functioning, but also the highest level of mental and social well-being". REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH  Reproductive health also refers to the fact that individuals have a satisfying and safe sex life, have the ability to reproduce and have the right to use this ability freely.  Because sexual health is an important and positive dimension of the personal health of individuals of all age groups.  Today, it is accepted that sexuality is important for the health, well-being and quality of life of individuals, so it is discussed within the concept of reproductive health. SEXUAL HEALTH  Sexuality is a fundamental dimension of human life, encompassing sex, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, eroticism, love, and reproduction.  Sexuality begins before birth and continues throughout life and is influenced by ethical, cultural, and moral factors.  Sexuality is a purely sensory experience. SEXUAL HEALTH Sexuality;  It includes the body and the mind.  Our values are shaped by our attitudes, behaviors, physical appearance, beliefs, emotions, personality, likes and dislikes, and socialization areas.  It is influenced by social norms, culture, and religion.  In addition to procreation, it involves giving and receiving sexual pleasure  It encompasses all of life. SEXUAL HEALTH World Health Organization definition of "Sexual Health";  Sexual health consists of the combination of the physical, emotional, intellectual, and social aspects of sexuality that enrich personality, communication, and love.  Everyone has the right to access sexual information and to experience sexual intercourse for pleasure or for the purpose of reproduction.  As a sexual being, man is not only bodily; It is a state of health that provides emotional, intellectual and social integrity, positively enriches and increases personality development, communication and sharing of love. SEXUAL HEALTH  Sexuality; It includes procreation, sexual satisfaction, and is influenced by ethical, cultural, and moral factors.  Ensuring the continuation of a positive and positive sexuality and sexual health in individuals is not only concerned with the disease/health conditions of the genitals, but also includes the physiological, psychological, spiritual and emotional state of the individual, that is, the whole body.   Sexual health, on the other hand, is the disease and disability that affect reproductive and sexual functions; It is defined as the absence of fear, shame, guilt and false beliefs that suppress sexual reactions and negatively affect male-female relations, and the SEXUAL HEALTH capacity to be satisfied with reproductive and sexual behaviors in accordance with social/personal morality and rights.  Sexual health means not only care and counseling limited to reproductive and sexually transmitted diseases, but also the strengthening of personal relationships and life. THE EMERGENCE OF THE CONCEPT OF SEXUAL/REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH (SH/RH)  Issues related to reproduction for women in the world are first brought to the fore by bringing to the fore the health problems related to fertility between the ages of 15-49, which is her fertile age  Maternal and child health and family planning,  then discussed within the Women's Health and Family Planning approach,  Later, the concept of "Sexual Health/Reproductive Health" (SH/RH) emerged, which emphasizes the needs of the individual and combines concepts such as Reproduction, Women's Health and Family Planning. THE EMERGENCE OF THE CONCEPT OF SEXUAL/REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH (SH/RH) 1994 Reproduc tive Health Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning THE EMERGENCE OF THE CONCEPT OF SEXUAL/REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH (SH/RH)  In the "sexual / reproductive health" (SH/RH) approach, the concept of reproductive health is handled within the framework of the life cycle, with all life periods from intrauterine period to childhood, adolescence, adulthood and old age. THE EMERGENCE OF THE CONCEPT OF SEXUAL/REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH (SH/RH)  The concept of reproductive health was first raised at the İnternational Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) held in Cairo in 1994.  In this meeting, it was pointed out that in many parts of the world, people live in conditions that do not allow them to protect their reproductive health and cannot exercise their reproductive rights, and the principle of taking the necessary measures to increase the accessibility of reproductive health services, including sexual health, was adopted. THE EMERGENCE OF THE CONCEPT OF SEXUAL/REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH (SH/RH)  Thus, the concept of reproductive health; With an approach that emphasizes the needs and rights of the individual, it has entered the world agenda as a concept that defines that the health needs of women should be addressed within the framework of gender equality not only as a mother, but also as her reproductive and sexual health in all life periods and in all areas of life. THE EMERGENCE OF THE CONCEPT OF SEXUAL/REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH (SH/RH)  At the 4th World Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995, the concept of reproductive health was once again emphasized, and the approach of "gender equality and development" was adopted to empower and advance women and develop women's reproductive health..  The recommendations at this conference on issues that directly or indirectly affect women's sexual and reproductive health are as follows; THE EMERGENCE OF THE CONCEPT OF SEXUAL/REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH (SH/RH)  Women's educational, economic and social empowerment, ensuring legal and social equality and equity between the sexes  Elimination of discrimination against the girl child  Ensuring reproductive health and reproductive rights  Providing safe maternity services by integrating them with primary health services in a way that benefits the whole society  Prevention of unhealthy miscarriages THE EMERGENCE OF THE CONCEPT OF SEXUAL/REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH (SH/RH)  Informing adolescents about sexual and reproductive health and ensuring that they benefit from services  Prevention of the spread of STDs and HIV  To increase the quality, use and adequacy of reproductive health services, especially in risky groups such as young and rural populations,  Mobilization of resources for SH/RH development CS/ÜS KAVRAMININ TEMEL ÖĞELERİ A. Üreme organlarının normal işlev görmesi B. Sağlıklı ve mutlu bir cinsel hayat C. Cinselliği ve doğurganlığı zorlamalar olmadan yaşayabilme D. Çocuk sahibi olup olmama ya da ne zaman ve kaç çocuk sahibi olacağına karar verebilme E. Bu kararı istediği gibi uygulayarak planlanmış gebelikler sonucu sağlıklı çocuklara sahip olabilme F. Cinsel yolla bulaşan enfeksiyon etkenlerinden korunabilme ve gerektiğinde tedavi olabilme, kadın ve erkeklerin yaşam boyu mutluluğu için vazgeçilmezdir.   Information-education communication for responsible reproduction and sexual behavior, responsible parenting  Non-formal family planning services, information-education- communication and counseling in family planning  Effective maternal health services and safe motherhood; prenatal care, SCOPE OF healthy birth, postpartum care, breastfeeding SEXUAL/ REPRODUCTİVE HEALTH SERVICES Kılınç, N. Ö., Hacıalioğlu, N. Sağlığı Geliştirme Modeline Göre Verilen Eğitimin Kadınların Üreme Sağlığı Tutumlarına Ve Öz-yeterliliklerine Etkisi.   Effective control of genital tract infections (GYE)  Prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and fight against AIDS  Prevention and treatment of infertility  Putting an end to unsafe abortions and taking the necessary action in the consequences of abortion SCOPE OF  Prevention and treatment of malignancies of reproductive organs SEXUAL/  Nutrition REPRODUCTİVE HEALTH SERVICES   Infant and child health  Adolescent health and sexuality  Healthy lifestyle  Regulation of environmental factors SCOPE OF  Regulation of social, cultural and behavioral factors. SEXUAL/ REPRODUCTİVE HEALTH SERVICES DİFFERENT PERSPECTİVES ON SEXUALİTY  Sexuality is a complex whole with biological, psychological, social, cultural, traditional, moral, religious, anthropological, political and economic dimensions.  The approach to sexual health should therefore include different perspectives.  Biological perspective  Psychological perspective  Sociocultural perspective  Biological perspective: Sexuality is a basic instinct. DİFFERENT  Sexual functions are a process carried out by a complex interaction of more than 30 hormones PERSPECTİVES ON and chemicals produced by our body, in which the whole body participates, especially the central nervous system, the five senses and the SEXUALİTY genital organs.  For this reason, diseases, drugs and substances used, every factor that affects our body, and every periodic situation such as pregnancy, menopause and adolescence can also affect our sexuality.  As a result, a healthy functioning body is an essential rule for a healthy and happy sex life.  Psychological perspective: A healthy functioning body provides the necessary infrastructure to live sexuality in a healthy way.  It is human psychology that determines how sexuality is to be DİFFERENT experienced, with whom it will be experienced, when, where and how, how it will be stimulated and satisfied, etc. PERSPECTİVES  Sexual functions are mainly governed by the central and peripheral ON SEXUALİTY nervous system.  The basic attitudes, personality traits, emotions, cognitive functions, past experiences, traumas, learned behavior models, etc. It also determines our approach to sexuality and our choices.  Sociocultural perspective:The family, close DİFFERENT environment, subculture and social structure, traditions, religious beliefs and moral attitudes in which people PERSPECTİVES ON grow up and live are among the determinants of our sexual attitudes and behaviors. Most of the time, only sociocultural causes can play SEXUALİTY  a major role in the occurrence of any sexual dysfunction.  For example, it is known that vaginismus is caused by conservative social structure, traditional value judgments such as virginity and honor, sexual myths such as excessive pain, bleeding and first night fears, and growing up in conservative family environments where sexuality is forbidden, cannot be spoken freely, negative attitudes towards sexuality are exhibited, etc.   All three perspectives have an important place in the individual's healthy and happy sexual life.  When an individual experiences a sexual problem or a DİFFERENT sexual dysfunction, these three basic elements should be taken into account in the solution of the problem or any PERSPECTİVES ON treatment approach to be introduced. SEXUALİTY  Modern treatment approaches, which are now accepted all over the world, define human beings as a biopsychosocial entity and base all treatment strategies on this basic determination. DİFFERENT PERSPECTİVES ON SEXUALİTY  Sexual health is one of the issues that most concern society in terms of general health. Deterioration of sexual health does not only result in an interruption of physical health.  In both men and women, there is a deterioration of mental health, followed by family health and social health.  It is one of the health problems that make people most unhappy. The protection of sexual health has also been determined as an individual fundamental right by the World Health Organization.  In order to standardize the definition, the World Health Organization defines sexual health as "the state of complete physical, psychosocial and sociocultural well-being and continuity of sexual aspect". WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL  Sexual rights are universal human rights based on freedom, dignity and equality of every human being. Since health is one of the main HEALTH'S human rights, sexual health should also be a fundamental human right. DECLARATION  In order to ensure the development of the sexual health of OF SEXUAL individuals and societies, the following sexual rights should be RIGHTS recognized, encouraged, respected and defended by societies. Sexual health is possible in environments where these sexual rights are recognized, respected and enforced.   1) The right to sexual freedom.  2) The right to sexual autonomy, sexual integrity and the WORLD security of one's body. ASSOCIATION  3) The right to sexual privacy.  4) The right to sexual equality. FOR SEXUAL  5) The right to sexual pleasure. HEALTH'S  6) The right to emotional sexual expression. DECLARATION  7) The right to freely engage in sexual relationships. OF SEXUAL  8) The right to free and discreet reproductive choices. RIGHTS  9) The right to sexual information based on scientific research.  10) The right to comprehensive sexuality education.  11) The right to sexual health care. WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH'S DECLARATION OF SEXUAL RIGHTS  1) The right to sexual freedom. Sexual freedom allows individuals to express their full sexual potential. However, all forms of sexual coercion, abuse and harassment are outside of this freedom in every moment and situation of life.  2) The right to sexual autonomy, sexual integrity and the security of one's body. This right includes the power to make decisions about one's own sexual life within the framework of one's own personal and social ethics. It also allows us to control and enjoy our bodies, free from torture, injury and violence of any kind.  3) The right to sexual privacy. This article includes the right to make individual decisions and act on intimacy, as long as the sexual rights of others are not interfered with. WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH'S DECLARATION OF SEXUAL RIGHTS  4) The right to sexual equality. It is the right not to be discriminated against against any form of discrimination without regard to sex, gender, sexual orientation, age, race, social class, religion or physical or mental disability.  5) The right to sexual pleasure. Sexual pleasure is a source of physical, psychological, mental and spiritual well-being, including autoeroticism (the ability of an individual to satisfy his or her own sexual needs).  6) The right to emotional sexual expression. Individuals have the right to express their sexuality through communication, touch, emotional expression, and love. WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH'S DECLARATION OF SEXUAL RIGHTS  7) The right to freely engage in sexual relationships. This means that there is a possibility of marrying or not marrying, divorce, and various other sensible sexual relationships.  8) The right to free and discreet reproductive choices. This clause includes the right to choose whether or not to have children, the right to decide the number of children and how long they will be spaced, and the right to full access to all treatments related to fertility arrangements.  9) The right to sexual information based on scientific research. This right states that sexual information must be scientifically obtained as a result of ethical research and should be appropriately disseminated to people at all social levels.  10) The right to comprehensive sexuality education. This is a lifelong process starting from birth and should include all social institutions. SEXUAL/REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH PROBLEMS Gender discrimination in all stages of life and especially in the ages of growth and development Not being adequately and correctly informed in youth and adulthood, therefore not being able to live their sexuality satisfactorily and safely Özvarış, Ş. B., Ertan, A. E. Üreme Sağlığında Yaşamboyu Yaklaşımı.  Hazır olduğundan, sorumluluğunu alabileceğinden ve kararından emin olmadan cinsel ilişkiye girme Transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as HIV/AIDS, SEXUAL/REPROD hepatitis B, syphilis, as a result of unprotected sexual relations, not being aware of the transmission and/or not being treated for other reasons UCTIVE HEALTH PROBLEMS Becoming a parent at a very young or late age and before you are ready Inability to benefit from qualified health services in cases such as STIs, contraception, termination of pregnancy, pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum SH/RH SERVICES  PRECONCEPTIONAL CARE  PREMARITAL COUNSELING/TESTS  SAFE MOTHERHOOD PROGRAM  PRENATAL CARE SERVICES  BIRTH IN HEALTH INSTITUTIONS  POSTPARTUM CARE SERVICES  SERVICES RELATED TO FAMILY PLANNING METHODS  SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES AND HIV/AIDS SERVICES  ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE SERVICES  SEXUAL HEALTH EDUCATION THANKS....