Bacterial Vaginosis Lecture Notes PDF

Bacterial Vaginosis Year: Semester: Module: Objectives: By the end of this lecture, students will be able to: 1. Enumerate causes of bacterial vaginosis: Mobiluncus and Gradnerella vaginalis 2. Describe genital Moniliasis regarding: Morphologic features o...

Bacterial Vaginosis Year: Semester: Module: Objectives: By the end of this lecture, students will be able to: 1. Enumerate causes of bacterial vaginosis: Mobiluncus and Gradnerella vaginalis 2. Describe genital Moniliasis regarding: Morphologic features of Causative organism (Candida albicans) Underlying risk factors for infection. 3. Lab diagnosis Objective 1 Objective 2 Objective 3 Objective 4 Objective 5 Gardenella vaginalis Normal inhabitant of the vagina associated with Mobilluncus causing (bacterial vaginosis) characterized by: Foul smelling discharge, detection of clue cells(epithelial cells coated with G. vaginalis in vaginal or cervical swab, Whiff test(vaginal discharge+10% KOH, smell fishy), vaginal PH>4.5. This criteria is called Amsel`s. Metronidazole is choice of treatment Objective 1 Objective 2 Objective 3 Objective 4 Objective 5 Mobiluncus Mobiluncus is a genus of Gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria. curved rods with tapered ends, sometimes occurring in pairs with a gull wing appearance It possesses a cell wall with structural similarity to other Gram-positive cell walls, upon Gram stain, these bacteria may be stained either Gram- negative or Gram-variable. These organisms are found in the human vagina, particularly in association with Gardnerella vaginalis in cases of bacterial vaginosis Objective 1 Objective 2 Objective 3 Objective 4 Objective 5 Vaginal Candidiasis Candidiasis is an infection caused by a yeast (a type of fungus) called Candida. Candida normally lives inside the body (in places such as the mouth, throat, gut, and vagina) and on skin without causing any problems. Sometimes Candida can multiply and cause an infection if the environment inside the vagina changes in a way that encourages its growth. Candidiasis in the vagina is commonly called a “vaginal yeast infection.” Other names for this infection are “vaginal candidiasis,” “vulvovaginal candidiasis,” or “candidal vaginitis.” Objective 1 Objective 2 Objective 3 Objective 4 Objective 5 Symptoms Vaginal itching or soreness Pain during sexual intercourse Pain or discomfort when urinating Abnormal vaginal discharge Although most vaginal candidiasis is mild, some women can develop severe infections involving redness, swelling, and cracks in the wall of the vagina. Objective 1 Objective 2 Objective 3 Objective 4 Objective 5 Risk & Prevention Are pregnant Use hormonal contraceptives (for example, birth control pills) Have diabetes Have a weakened immune system (for example, due to HIV infection or medicines that weaken the immune system, such as steroids and chemotherapy) Are taking or have recently taken antibiotics Objective 1 Objective 2 Objective 3 Objective 4 Objective 5 Diagnosis Microscopy and Staining Candida yeast cells can be detected in unstained wet preparations or Gram stained preparations of sample. In Gram stained smears, Candida appears as gram positive budding yeast cells (blastoconidia) and/or pseudohyphae showing regular points of constriction. Objective 1 Objective 2 Objective 3 Objective 4 Objective 5 Pseudohyphae Objective 1 Objective 2 Objective 3 Objective 4 Objective 5 Culture: Candida albicans grows well on Sabouraud dextrose agar and most routinely used bacteriological media. Cream colored pasty colonies usually appear after 24-48 hours incubation at 25-37°C. The colonies have a distinctive yeast smell and the budding cells can be easily seen by direct microscopy in stained or unstained preparations. In Blood Agar, Candida albicans gives white, creamy colored colonies Objective 1 Objective 2 Objective 3 Objective 4 Objective 5 Treatment Vaginal candidiasis is usually treated with antifungal medicine. For most infections, the treatment is an antifungal medicine applied inside the vagina or a single dose of fluconazole taken by mouth. These treatments include more doses of fluconazole taken by mouth or other medicines applied inside the vagina such as boric acid, nystatin, or flucytosine  Quiz Time True or false Amsel`s is used to diagnose Gardenella vaginalis