Bacteriology Past Paper PDF 2023

Is it easier to make a vaccine against an endotoxin or exotoxin? Bonus Why? 2023 Bacteriology 39  Is it easier to make a vaccine against an endotoxin or exotoxin? Exotoxin b/c protein antigen Lipid antigens are hard to make vaccines for 2023...

Is it easier to make a vaccine against an endotoxin or exotoxin? Bonus Why? 2023 Bacteriology 39  Is it easier to make a vaccine against an endotoxin or exotoxin? Exotoxin b/c protein antigen Lipid antigens are hard to make vaccines for 2023 Bacteriology 40  What is the best explanation of quorum sensing? A. is the regulation of gene expression in response to fluctuations in cell-population density to make toxins B. is communication for the purpose of making biofilm C. is bacteria produce and release autoinducers that increase in concentration as a function of cell density which in turn regulate gene expression 2023 Bacteriology 43  What is the best explanation of quorum sensing? A. is the regulation of gene expression in response to fluctuations in cell-population density to make toxins B. is communication for the purpose of making biofilm C. is bacteria produce and release autoinducers that increase in concentration as a function of cell density which in turn regulate gene expression 2023 Bacteriology 44  A patient comes in showing signs of multiple- organ system failure, shock, and fever. Which type of virulence factor likely caused this? A) Capsule B) Endotoxin C) Exotoxin D) Biofilm formation 2023 Bacteriology 51  A patient comes in showing signs of multiple- organ system failure, shock, and fever. Which type of virulence factor likely caused this? A) Capsule B) Endotoxin C) Exotoxin D) Biofilm formation 2023 Bacteriology 52  T/F: a bacteria releases autoinducers in an environment with every little other bacteria of its kind, this will cause group functioning 2023 Bacteriology 53  T/F: a bacteria releases autoinducers in an environment with every little other bacteria of its kind, this will cause group functioning False, this is quorum sensing, the denser the bacterial population in the given area, the easier it will reach its threshold of autoinducers binding to the receptors of other bacteria → allowing the bacteria to function as a group rather than as an individual 2023 Bacteriology 54  Virulent gene factors transfer to other bacteria via a viral vector, which mechanism is this? A) Bacterial conjugation B) Bacterial transformation C) Bacterial transduction 2023 Bacteriology 55  T/F: all bacterial cell walls contain peptidoglycan 2023 Bacteriology 56  T/F: all bacterial cell walls contain peptidoglycan TRUE! 2023 Bacteriology 57  Which of the following has a thick peptidoglycan layer with (lipo)teichoic acids A) Gram-positive B) Gram-negative C) Mycoplasma D) Mycobacteria 2023 Bacteriology 58  Which of the following has a thick peptidoglycan layer with (lipo)teichoic acids A) Gram-positive B) Gram-negative C) Mycoplasma D) Mycobacteria 2023 Bacteriology 59  Which is correct regarding Gram- negative bacteria A) One plasma membrane B) No cell wall C) Have mycolic acids D) Double plasma membrane with LPS 2023 Bacteriology 60  Which is correct regarding Gram- negative bacteria A) One plasma membrane B) No cell wall C) Have mycolic acids D) Double plasma membrane with LPS 2023 Bacteriology 61  T/F: the nucleoid contains genetic material for virulence 2023 Bacteriology 62  T/F: the nucleoid contains genetic material for virulence FALSE, this is the plasmid 2023 Bacteriology 63  Which bacterial cell structure helps evade phagocytosis A) Flagella B) Fimbriae C) Capsule D) Endospore 2023 Bacteriology 64  Which bacterial cell structure helps evade phagocytosis A) Flagella B) Fimbriae C) Capsule D) Endospore 2023 Bacteriology 65  Which uses Zeihl-Neelsen (acid- base) staining A) Gram-positive B) Gram-negative C) Mycobacteria D) Mycoplasma 2023 Bacteriology 66  Which uses Zeihl-Neelsen (acid- base) staining A) Gram-positive B) Gram-negative C) Mycobacteria D) Mycoplasma 2023 Bacteriology 67  Which of the following is the phase when there a is a balance between death of cells and slow multiplication of cells? A) Lag phase B) Logarithmic phase C) Maximal stationary phase D) Decline phase 2023 Bacteriology 68  Which of the following phase is when there a is a balance between slow multiplication and cell death? A) Lag phase B) Logarithmic phase C) Maximal stationary phase D) Decline phase 2023 Bacteriology 69  You’re counting bacteria and you’re doing this by looking at how many visible masses are seen on top and within a medium. Which method is this? A) Direct smear B) Counting chamber C) Spread plate method D) Pour plate method 2023 Bacteriology 70  You’re counting bacteria and you’re doing this by looking at how many visible masses are seen on top and within a medium. Which method is this? A) Direct smear B) Counting chamber C) Spread plate method D) Pour plate method 2023 Bacteriology 71  Which is not a way to classify bacteria in polyphasic taxonomy? A) Morphology and motility B) Biochemical characteristics C) 16s rRNA gene sequencing D) Virulency 2023 Bacteriology 72  Which is not a way to classify bacteria in polyphasic taxonomy? A) Morphology and motility B) Biochemical characteristics C) 16s rRNA gene sequencing D) Virulency 2023 Bacteriology 73  If a microorganism is only able to multiply and transmit is by infecting and causing disease in a host, which type of pathogen is this? A) Obligate pathogen B) Facultative pathogen C) Opportunistic pathogen 2023 Bacteriology 74  If a microorganism is only able to multiply and transmit is by infecting and causing disease in a host, which type of pathogen is this? A) Obligate pathogen B) Facultative pathogen C) Opportunistic pathogen 2023 Bacteriology 75  Virulence, resistance, and survival are aspects to which parts of the infectious disease complex? A) Host B) Pathogen C) Environment 2023 Bacteriology 76  Virulence, resistance, and survival are aspects to which parts of the infectious disease complex? A) Host B) Pathogen C) Environment 2023 Bacteriology 77  T/F: an infection always causes disease 2023 Bacteriology 78  T/F: an infection always causes disease FALSE!!!!! 2023 Bacteriology 79  T/F: within infection, the step after entering a host is to trigger an inflammatory response 2023 Bacteriology 80  T/F: within infection, the step after entering a host is to trigger an inflammatory response FALSE, its adherence to host tissues 2023 Bacteriology 81  T/F: an infection will always lead to a carrier of the disease 2023 Bacteriology 82  T/F: an infection will always lead to a carrier of the disease FALSE, First: an infection doesn’t always lead to disease, which would need to occur in order to be a carrier Secondly: even if a host has disease, it doesn’t mean that microorganism has the capacity to leave the host as a carrier 2023 Bacteriology 83  Which phase is when the bacteria is multiplying but not yet contagious? A) Latent B) Incubation C) Infectious 2023 Bacteriology 84  Which phase is when the bacteria is multiplying but not yet contagious? A) Latent B) Incubation C) Infectious 2023 Bacteriology 85  The onset of symptoms occurs at the end of which phase? A) Latent period B) Infectious period C) Incubation period 2023 Bacteriology 86  The onset of symptoms occurs at the end of which phase? A) Latent period B) Infectious period C) Incubation period 2023 Bacteriology 87  A patient comes in showing signs of multiple- organ system failure, shock, and fever. Which type of virulence factor likely caused this? A) Capsule B) Endotoxin C) Exotoxin D) Biofilm formation 2023 Bacteriology 88  A patient comes in showing signs of multiple- organ system failure, shock, and fever. Which type of virulence factor likely caused this? A) Capsule B) Endotoxin C) Exotoxin D) Biofilm formation 2023 Bacteriology 89  T/F: a bacteria releases autoinducers in an environment with every little other bacteria of its kind, this will cause group functioning 2023 Bacteriology 90  T/F: a bacteria releases autoinducers in an environment with every little other bacteria of its kind, this will cause group functioning False, this is quorum sensing, the denser the bacterial population in the given area, the easier it will reach its threshold of autoinducers binding to the receptors of other bacteria → allowing the bacteria to function as a group rather than as an individual 2023 Bacteriology 91  Virulent gene factors transfer to other bacteria via a viral vector, which mechanism is this? A) Bacterial conjugation B) Bacterial transformation C) Bacterial transduction 2023 Bacteriology 92  Virulent gene factors transfer to other bacteria via a viral vector, which mechanism is this? A) Bacterial conjugation B) Bacterial transformation C) Bacterial transduction 2023 Bacteriology 93  Bacteria make direct contact temporarily to transfer the genetic material from donor to recipient is? A) Bacterial conjugation B) Bacterial transformation C) Bacterial transduction 2023 Bacteriology 94  Bacteria make direct contact temporarily to transfer the genetic material from donor to recipient is? A) Bacterial conjugation B) Bacterial transformation C) Bacterial transduction 2023 Bacteriology 95  Which is NOT a virulence factor? A. Capsule B. Intracellular bacteria C. Flagella D. Pilin E. Mesophilic 2023 Bacteriology 96  Which is NOT a virulence factor? A. Capsule B. Intracellular bacteria C. Flagella D. Pilin E. Mesophilic 2023 Bacteriology 97  A dog come into your clinic with signs of the flu. After diagnostics you suspect lepto because this organism is seen on a urinalysis. What virulence factor does this visually spirochete express? A. Plasmid with virulence genes B. Flagella C. Endoflagella D. Intracellular Bacteria 2023 Bacteriology 98  A dog come into your clinic with signs of the flu. After diagnostics you suspect lepto because this organism is seen on a urinalysis. What virulence factor does this visually spirochete express? A. Plasmid with virulence genes B. Flagella C. Endoflagella D. Intracellular Bacteria 2023 Bacteriology 99  A noobie forgets the alcohol step in gram stanning. How would this effect your gram stanning A. You would only see mycoplasma B. All Bacteria would be pink C. All Bacteria would be Purple D. All Bacteria would be clear E. No change. Alcohol is bad anyways. 2023 Bacteriology 100  A noobie forgets the alcohol step in gram stanning. How would this effect your gram stanning A. You would only see mycoplasma B. All Bacteria would be pink C. All Bacteria would be Purple D. All Bacteria would be clear E. No change. Alcohol is bad anyways. 2023 Bacteriology 101  Which type of bacteria actually do contain sterols but no cell wall? A. Gram + B. Gram – C. Mycobacteria D. Mycoplasma E. Intracellular Bacteria 2023 Bacteriology 102  Which type of bacteria actually do contain sterols but no cell wall? A. Gram + B. Gram – C. Mycobacteria D. Mycoplasma (damages cilia = pneumonia in pigs) E. Intracellular Bacteria 2023 Bacteriology 103  What is the first step in the formation of biofilm? A. Enclosing themselves in a thick, durable, bipolymer matrix B. Making a capsule C. Attachment to a surface D. Spore formation E. Superantigen creating cytokine storm 2023 Bacteriology 104  What is the first step in the formation of biofilm? A. Enclosing themselves in a thick, durable, bipolymer matrix B. Making a capsule C. Attachment to a surface D. Spore formation E. Superantigen creating cytokine storm 2023 Bacteriology 105  Superantigen is a? A. Superhero immune cell killing antigens B. An overstimulated phagocyte C. Endotoxin that evades MHC complexes and creates a cytokine storm D. Exotoxin that evades MHC complexes and creates a cytokine storm 2023 Bacteriology 106  Superantigen is a? A. Superhero immune cell killing antigens B. An overstimulated phagocyte C. Endotoxin that evades MHC complexes and creates a cytokine storm D. Exotoxin that evades MHC complexes and creates a cytokine storm 2023 Bacteriology 107  Have a good week! 2023 Bacteriology 108  See you next week!! 2023 Bacteriology 109