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# Ultrasound Ultrasound is a real-time imaging technique that is operator-dependent. It works on the principle of pulse-echo, using a piezoelectric effect. A transducer/probe, typically made of lead zirconate titanate, generates and receives sound waves. Ultrasound uses sound frequencies ranging...

# Ultrasound Ultrasound is a real-time imaging technique that is operator-dependent. It works on the principle of pulse-echo, using a piezoelectric effect. A transducer/probe, typically made of lead zirconate titanate, generates and receives sound waves. Ultrasound uses sound frequencies ranging from 2 to 20 MHz. The velocity of sound in human tissue is approximately 1540 m/s. ## Probes/Transducers Here's a table comparing different types of ultrasound probes: | Type | Frequency (MHz) | Penetration | Resolution | Applications | |-----------------|-------------------|-------------|------------|-----------------------------------------------| | Linear Probe | 10-12 | Less | More | Superficial imaging (thyroid, carotid, etc.) | | Curvilinear | 3-5 | More | Less | Deeper structures (OB/GYN, abdomen) | | Endocavitary | 7-10 | - | - | Specific body cavities (prostate, ectopic pregnancy) | ## Additional Information * **Phase Array Probe:** This type has a small footprint, making it useful for echocardiography. (Frequency: 40 MHz) * **Intravascular Ultrasound:** More sensitive than angiography for evaluating atheromatous plaques in blood vessels. (Frequency: 40 MHz) * **Ultrasound Biomicroscopy:** Used to evaluate the anterior chamber of the eye. Tissue harmonic imaging in ultrasound (USG) reduces noise to improve image quality.