"Paris Convention-Signed 1919, Chicago Convention 1944 (PDF)"

Paris Convention- Signed on October 13, 1919 ( Also known as Convention Relating to Regulation of Aerial Navigation) Principles: 1.​ Each nation has absolute sovereignty over the airspace overlying its territories and waters. 2.​ Each nation should apply its airspace rules equally to...

Paris Convention- Signed on October 13, 1919 ( Also known as Convention Relating to Regulation of Aerial Navigation) Principles: 1.​ Each nation has absolute sovereignty over the airspace overlying its territories and waters. 2.​ Each nation should apply its airspace rules equally to its own and foreign aircraft operating within that airspace. 3.​ Aircraft of contracting states are to be treated equally in the eyes of each nation’s law 4.​ Aircraft must be registered to a state, and they possess the nationality of the state in which they are registered Chicago Convention- Signed on December 7, 1944 (Also known as Convention on International Civil Aviation) Principles: 1.​ Sovereignty 2.​ Scheduled Air Services 3.​ International Standards & Recommended Practices Albert Jean Roper- Was born in Paris in 1891 -​ Served in WW1, by the end of the war,he was a captain-pilot in command of a fighter squadron. -​ Prepared the drafts of the letter of invitation to consider the establishment a new Aeronautical Commission. FREEDOMS OF THE AIR 1.​ A carrier of one country may fly over the territory of another country without landing. 2.​ The freedom to stop in a foreign country for technical/refueling purposes only. 3.​ The freedom to carry traffic from a home country to another country for the purpose of commercial services 4.​ The freedom to pick up traffic from another country to a home country for the purpose of commercial services. 5.​ The freedom to carry traffic between two foreign countries on a flight that either originated in or is destined for the carrier's home country. 6.​ A carrier may pick up passengers or cargo originating in one country and carry them to a third country via its homeland. Can be viewed as a combination of third and fourth freedoms. 7.​ A carrier may pick up passengers or cargo from a country other than its own and deliver them to a third country, also not on its own, on flights that do not connect to its home country. 8.​ A carrier may transport passengers or cargo between two domestic points in a foreign country on a flight that either originated in or is destined for the carrier’s home country. Also referred to as consecutive cabotage. 9.​ A carrier may transport passengers or cargo between two domestic points in a foreign country. Also referred to as stand-alone cabotage. ICAO ANNEXES Annex 1- Personnel Licensing Annex 2- Rules of the Air Annex 3- Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation Annex 4- Aeronautical Charts Annex 5- Units of Measurement to be used in air and ground Annex 6- Aircraft Operations Annex 7- Aircraft Nationality and Registration Mark Annex 8- Airworthiness of Aircraft Annex 9- Facilitation Annex 10- Aeronautical Telecommunication Annex 11- Air Traffic Service Annex 12- Search and Rescue Annex 13- Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation Annex 14- Aerodromes Annex 15- Aeronautical Information Service Annex 16- Environmental Protection Annex 17- Security: Safeguarding International Civil Aviation Against of Unlawful Interference Annex 18- The safe transport of dangerous goods by air Annex 19- Safety Management PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES Alcohol Opioids- are a class of drugs that include the illegal drug heroin, synthetic opioids such as fentanyl Cannabinoids- is one of a class of diverse chemical compounds that acts on cannabinoid receptors. Sedatives- are a category of drugs that slow brain activity. Also known as tranquilizers or depressants Hypnotic- soporific drugs, commonly known as sleeping pills Cocaine- also known as coke, is a strong stimulant mostly used as a recreational drug NO AIRCRAFT SHOULD DO THE FOLLOWING 1.​ Dropping or spraying 2.​ Towing 3.​ Parachute descent 4.​ Acrobatic flights 5.​ Formation flights 6.​ Remotely piloted aircraft 7.​ Unmanned free balloon 8.​ Shall not be flown in restricted and prohibited areas RIGHT OF WAY 1.​ An aircraft in distress has the right of way over all other air traffic 2.​ When aircraft of the same category are converging at approximately the same altitude, the the aircraft to the other’s right has the right of way 3.​ A balloon has the right of way over any other category of aircraft  4.​ An aircraft towing or refueling other aircraft has the right of way over all other engine driven aircraft except aircraft in distress 5.​ Approaching head on. When aircraft are approaching each other head on, or nearly so, each pilot of each aircraft shall ater course to the right 6.​ Overtaking. Each aircraft that is being overtaken has the right of way and each pilot of an overtaking aircraft shall alter course to the right to pass when clear. 7.​ Landing. Aircraft while on final approach to land or while landing , have the right of way over other aircraft in flight or operating on the surface 8.​ More than one landing aircraft. When two or more aircraft are approaching an airport for the purpose of landing, the aircraft at the lower altitude has the right of way 9.​ Emergency landing. Aircrafts that are compelled to land have the right of way over other aircraft. 10.​Taking off. Aircraft taking off has the right of way over aircraft taxiing on the maneuvering area of an aerodrome VFR: Visual Flight Rules 70% Visual 30% Instrument Minimum visibility of 5km, Ceiling should be 1,500 AGL Sunrise to sunset VFR cruising altitude at and above 3,000ft (Half moon principle) Fuel requirement- Enough to fly from departure point to destination plus alternate airport (Additional endurance of 30min Day and 45 min Night RADAR- Radio Detection and Ranging -​ First used by the US Navy in 1940 -​ Developed before and during WW2 ATCRBS- Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System SSR- Secondary Surveillance Radar TRANSPONDER- short for transmitter responder -​ an electronic device that produces a response when it receives a radio frequency interrogation -​ Aircraft have transponders to assist in identifying them on air traffic control radar Transponder Mode A- only transmits a four digit squawk code. Useful for identifying an aircraft and its position, but not much else. Transponder Mode C- provides information on the aircraft’s pressure altitude. Combined with mode A, ATC and other aircraft can receive an aircraft's unique squawk code, position, and altitude. Transponder Mode S- short for “Mode Select” offers more advanced communication capabilities than mode A or C transponders. 7500- hijacked or unlawfully interfered 7600- lost communication 7700- general emergency Maximum loggable flight time -1 day : 8+00; 1 week: 30+00; 1 month: 100+00, 1 year: 1000+00 Rest period -​ A licensed pilot should not fly for any 7 consecutive days -​ A licensed pilot should rest for 12 hours for every 8 hours flight made in any succeeding 12 hours or 1 day Aircraft documents/ On board requirements -Maintenance log -Airworthiness certificate -Radio license -Registration certificate -Operating handbook -Weight and balance report -Insurance certificate Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT)- It is usually located at the rear of the fuselage. It is connected to an antenna, which transmits an emergency signal. This is picked up by satellites which send it to a ground based terminal 1. Automatic Fixed (ELT-AF). ELT-AF devices are permanently attached to the aircraft and designed to stay attached even after a crash to aid Search and Rescue (SAR) teams in locating a crash site. 2. Automatic Portable (ELT-AP). While attached to an aircraft, ELT-AP devices can be removed from the aircraft and continue to function. These devices act as an ELT-AF and can be activated by a crash, but can also be removed and tethered to a liferaft or person, or carried to a safe location away from the crash site. This type of device is designed to bring SAR teams to the survivors (e.g., on a liferaft in the ocean), rather than the wreckage. 3. Survival (ELT-S). ELT-S type devices are portable in nature, are manually activated, and are the type typically carried by backpackers. 4. Automatic Deployable (ELT-AD). ELT-AD devices are designed to be attached to an aircraft, but deploy (detach) automatically after a crash event has been detected. ELT-AD devices must be capable of floating on water and are designed to help crash investigators locate the crash site.