SIT SEM4607 Systems Integration, Verification & Validation Past Paper PDF, AY 2024/25, TRI 2

SIT Internal SEM4607 Systems Integration, Verification & Validation Topic 01: Systems Engineering Overview AY 2024/25 – TRI 2 Assoc Prof Ng...

SIT Internal SEM4607 Systems Integration, Verification & Validation Topic 01: Systems Engineering Overview AY 2024/25 – TRI 2 Assoc Prof Ng Bor Kiat [email protected] 1  SIT Internal Systems Integration, Verification and Validation Module Outline Topic #1 1. Systems Engineering Overview Topic #5 Topic #2 2. Systems Engineering 5. Industry Application Sharing Process Fundamentals Topic #4 Requirements 4. Verification & Validation Architecture Topic #3 3. Systems Implementation & Design Specifications Integration [Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-Model] V-Model System Development Process 2  SIT Internal Outline: Topic #1 Systems Engineering Overview / Background ▪ Engineered Systems & Goals of Engineering Process ▪ Systems Thinking Systems Engineering Activities ▪ Practice of Systems Engineering ▪ Systems Life Cycle Process ▪ Systems Life Cycle Stages ▪ Systems Life Cycle Approach ▪ Tailoring Process 3  SIT Internal What is Engineered System ? INCOSE SEH: An integrated set of elements, subsystems, or assemblies that accomplish a defined objective. These elements include products (hardware, software, firmware), processes, people, information.. A system is a construct or collection of different elements that together produce results not obtainable by the elements alone. The elements, or parts, can include people, hardware, software, facilities, policies, and documents; that is, all things required to produce systems-level results. The results include system level qualities, properties, characteristics, functions, behavior and performance. The value added by the system as a whole, beyond that contributed independently by the parts, is primarily created by the relationship among the parts; that is, how they are interconnected. 4  SIT Internal Goals of Engineering Process Engineering Process is required for achieving a desired engineered system. What are the goals for an engineering process ? The goal of engineering processes is to develop and produce efficient and reliable systems (products, services or solutions) that meet a specific needs under a defined set of constraints. Developing & delivering an Engineered system Guided by System Engineering Process 5  SIT Internal Systems Thinking Isolated interactions Integrated interaction (System Dynamics) Under the big picture https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ea-RRtLFvX0 Element within system changes over time, generating patterns and trends Systems structure that generates behavior 6 6  SIT Internal 2. Systems Engineering Activities Systems Development Schedule Systems Development Task Complexity On Contract Award or project charter start, a project transforms itself from a proposal organization to a System Developer organization. The challenge is for the System Developer to “live up to their proposal claims” to deliver the system. Need to have proper engineering activities practice to develop and produce efficient and reliable systems (products, services or solutions) that meet a specific need under a defined set of constraints. 7  SIT Internal Practice of Systems Engineering: Standards [Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263786313001385] ▪ Evolution of practice of system engineering process standards: [Source: https://www.slideserve.com/esme/introduction-of-system-engineering] ▪ Military Standards → ISO/IEEE 15288 ▪ INCOSE Systems Engineering Handbook (SEH, Ref BK): - Describe key process activities performed by systems engineers. 8  SIT Internal ISO/IEEE 15288 Systems Life Cycle Process 1 2 3 Four process group to support SE ▪ Systems Life Cycle Management Process ▪ Project Process ▪ Technical Process ▪ Agreement Process [Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263786313001385] 4 [Source: The system life cycle processes Source: ISO/IEC 15288 ] 9  SIT Internal Application of Life Cycle Process in SEP projects (Recap) Project Process SEP Module Practices Statement of Work (SOW) Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) Risk Management Plan (RMP) Program/Project Manager Technical Process CONOPS Requirement Analysis Architecture Design Systems Test Plan Systems Engineer 10  SIT Internal System Life Cycle Stages 11  SIT Internal Systems Life Cycle Stages: ISO/IEC 15288 Five stages used in the ISO/IEC 15288: 1. Concept 2. Development IV&V ? 3. Production 4. Utilization and Support 5. Retirement Need to understand the purpose for each of these stages and its link to the IV&V activities and processes. 12  SIT Internal Purposes and Activities in Systems Life Cycle Stages System Life Cycle Stages (ISO/IEC 15288) Purpose / Activities 1 Concept 2 Development 3 Production 4 Utilization and Support 5 Retirement 13  SIT Internal Systems Life Cycle Approach Diverse set of dynamic Exploratory, new, or Simple to highly complex stakeholders known or existing technologies ? components unknown requirements What approach do you employ to deal with all these circumstances ? Different life cycle stages, processes and activities → How do we manage these ? Different system development process models are developed to manage the system life cycle stages, from the start to the end of the system. System development approach vs system development model→ What is the difference ? Approach: Describes sequences of actions to be performed for achieving a desired outcome. Model: Implements an approach transforming inputs to outputs. Example of models includes: o Waterfall development Model o V-model o Spiral development model o Agile development model 14  SIT Internal Recap on the models: Need to understand each model attributes for selection of most appropriate approach to meet your system development challenge. Waterfall Model Early attempt (1956) to characterize software development. Model described a lockstep sequentially linear process with no overlaps or opportunities to return to a previous step. Problem for fully elaborated documents as completion criteria for early requirements and design phases. Most straightforward and simplest, but will not work for all. No longer used by most organisation dues to the flaws. 15  SIT Internal Recap on the models: V-Model Model described by: 1. System design process on the left downward arrow direction. 2. Component procurement & development at bottom center (Implementation). 3. System integration, test and evaluation on right upward arrow direction. Highly iterative with V&V loopback to the left for corrective implementation. Each process stage assesses the status, progress, maturity and risk of evolving system design solution and its technical compliance, budget, risk before proceeding to next process. Hardware system project motivated due to expense and risk of developing physical systems with underlying hardware decision-making stage-gate flow of the V-model. However, process is not efficient and effective for software developers as coding of deliverable software components is done later and discovery of latent defects increases risk with cost and schedule impacts. 16  SIT Internal Recap on the models: Spiral Model Model described by a series of highly iterative development activities whereby the deliverable work product of each activity may not be the deliverable system. Initial build delivers a system based on the requirements, as they are known at the time development is initiated, and then succeeding builds are delivered that meet additional requirements as they become known. Need for technical planning and reviews at critical staging or control points as each cycle of the spiral culminates with the technical review for the next iteration of the spiral. 17  SIT Internal Recap on the models: Agile Development Model Model provides flexibility for: 1. Rapid response to requirements (changing environment or evolving customer) that are often dynamic. 2. Collaboration with customers to understand, clarify, prioritise operational needs 3. Instil daily team member interactions and accountability. 4. Incrementally produce and deliver system / product / service to meet needs. Development cycle are referred to as Scrums over a series of Sprints. Agile meeting: Daily Scrum (Standup meetings) ensure a disciplined focus on convergence and closure for accomplishing specific performance-based results. [Micro-Managing ? Efficient?] What did you accomplish yesterday ? What issue need to be addressed today ? What do you plan to accomplish today ? Rugby Scrums 18  SIT Internal Tailoring Process Bought a piece of ready-to-wear clothing only to find out it doesn’t fit exactly how we wanted ! Ready-to-wear clothing was made to fit general sizes, not specific body types. Development Model Ended up having to compromise, whether getting something a little too tight or too loose, too long or too short. Nothing seems to fit just what u want. Standard models and SE processes may not fully apply to given organisation or project. Tailoring offers the chance to get a piece of clothing that is made just for your body Tailoring your SE Process type and just to your specifications. Tailoring to ensure process meets the needs of the project while being scaled to the level of rigor that allows the system life cycle activities to be performed with an acceptable level of risk. Tailoring scales the rigorous application to an appropriate level based on need. 19  SIT Internal Tailoring Process: Example Stakeholder requires you to demonstrate concept of building inspection drone that your company is developing: CAAS requires system to have 10-8 failure reliability to fly drone for testing. How are you going to do it ? 20  SIT Internal Summary Systems Engineering Activities What are System Life Cycle process ? Which are the system Life Cycle Stages ? What are the model used for System Life cycle approach ? Why do you need to perform tailoring process ? 21  SIT Internal QUESTIONS? 22