Aviation Legislation PDF

MODULE 10 Category B Licence CASA B-10c Aviation Legislation  Copyright © 2023 Aviation Australia All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, transferred, sold or otherwise disposed of, wi...

MODULE 10 Category B Licence CASA B-10c Aviation Legislation  Copyright © 2023 Aviation Australia All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, transferred, sold or otherwise disposed of, without the written permission of Aviation Australia. CONTROLLED DOCUMENT 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 2 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Knowledge Levels Category A, B1, B2 and C Aircraft Maintenance Licence Basic knowledge for categories A, B1 and B2 are indicated by the allocation of knowledge levels indicators (1, 2 or 3) against each applicable subject. Category C applicants must meet either the category B1 or the category B2 basic knowledge levels. The knowledge level indicators are defined as follows: LEVEL 1 Objectives: The applicant should be familiar with the basic elements of the subject. The applicant should be able to give a simple description of the whole subject, using common words and examples. The applicant should be able to use typical terms. LEVEL 2 A general knowledge of the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject. An ability to apply that knowledge. Objectives: The applicant should be able to understand the theoretical fundamentals of the subject. The applicant should be able to give a general description of the subject using, as appropriate, typical examples. The applicant should be able to use mathematical formulae in conjunction with physical laws describing the subject. The applicant should be able to read and understand sketches, drawings and schematics describing the subject. The applicant should be able to apply his knowledge in a practical manner using detailed procedures. LEVEL 3 A detailed knowledge of the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject. A capacity to combine and apply the separate elements of knowledge in a logical and comprehensive manner. Objectives: The applicant should know the theory of the subject and interrelationships with other subjects. The applicant should be able to give a detailed description of the subject using theoretical fundamentals and specific examples. The applicant should understand and be able to use mathematical formulae related to the subject. The applicant should be able to read, understand and prepare sketches, simple drawings and schematics describing the subject. The applicant should be able to apply his knowledge in a practical manner using manufacturer's instructions. The applicant should be able to interpret results from various sources and measurements and apply corrective action where appropriate. 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 3 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Table of Contents Regulatory Framework (10.1) 14 Learning Objectives 14 International Civil Aviation 15 Convention on International Civil Aviation 15 International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) 16 ICAO Structure 17 Australia’s Civil Aviation Regulations 19 Civil Aviation Act 1988 19 The Regulations – CASR 1998 19 The History of CASA 20 CASA's Role 20 Legislative Documents 22 Introduction 22 Civil Aviation Orders (CAOs) 22 Manual of Standards (MOS) 23 Civil Aviation Advisory Publications (CAAPs) 24 Advisory Circulars (ACs) 25 Maintenance Regulations 27 Introduction 27 Part 21 27 Parts 42 and 145 28 Part 42 29 Part 145 29 Parts 66 and 147 30 Part 66 30 Part 147 30 CASA’s Relationship With Other Aviation Authorities 32 CASA and FAA 32 CASA and CAANZ 32 CASR, FARs and Regulation (EC) 34 Harmonisation of Australia’s Aviation Safety Laws 34 FARs 34 Regulation (EC) 35 Type Certificates From Recognised Countries 36 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 4 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Part 66 Certifying Staff I (10.2) 37 Learning Objectives 37 Definitions 38 Key Terms 38 Type Ratings 42 Aircraft Types 45 Large Aircraft 45 Small Aircraft 46 Primary Category Aircraft 47 Standard Category Aircraft (For the Purpose of Certification) 48 CASR Part 66 49 Part 66 MOS 51 Part 66 Manual of Standards 51 Acceptable Means of Compliance 52 Guidance Material 52 Aircraft Engineer Licence 53 Type Ratings 55 Type Rating and Eligibility 55 Non-Type-Rated Aircraft 55 Aircraft Systems, Designations and Conditions 57 Aircraft Systems and Licence Categories 57 Licence Privileges 58 Category A Licence Privileges 58 Category B1 Licence Privileges 59 Category B2 Licence Privileges 61 Category C Licence Privileges 61 Application for a Licence 62 Grant of Licence 63 Part 66 Certifying Staff II (10.2) 66 Learning Objectives 66 Licence Requalification 67 Requirements 67 Requirement for Recent Qualification or Experience 68 Licence Requirements 70 Basic Knowledge and Competency Requirements 70 Basic Practical Experience Requirements 71 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 5 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Adding a Category or Subcategory 72 Practical Maintenance Experience 74 Type and Task Training and Ratings 75 Category C 77 Training and Assessment for a Restricted Rating 78 The Practical Element of Aircraft Type Training 80 Practical Experience 80 Practical Training 81 Practical Type Training 82 Licence Conditions 84 Conditions of AME Licences 84 Offences 84 Administration of Offences 86 Suspension of Licence for Failure to Provide Information 87 Period of Responsibility 87 Engine Ground-Run Training and Assessment 89 Introduction to Engine Ground-Run Training and Assessment 89 Conduct of Engine Ground-Run Training 89 Fuel Tank Safety Training 92 Training Requirements 92 Continuation Training 93 Taxiing Aircraft 96 Taxiing Aircraft Authorisation 96 Getting a Certificate of Competency 96 Approved Maintenance Organisations I (10.3) 98 Learning Objectives 98 CASR Part 145 99 Introduction 99 Regulatory Documents 99 Manual of Standards (MOS) Structure and Content 100 Approved Maintenance Organisations (AMOs) 102 Safety Management Systems 102 Exposition 103 CASA Responsibilities When Issuing a Certificate of Approval 104 AMO Requirements (I) 106 Maintenance Facility Requirements 106 Office Accommodation 106 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 6 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Storage Facilities 107 Personnel Requirements 108 Accountable Manager 109 Responsible Manager 110 Quality Manager 111 Safety Manager 112 Organisational Chart 113 Man-Hour Plan 114 Employee Qualifications 115 Requirements for Certifying Employees 116 Requirements for Line Maintenance 118 Base Maintenance – Large Aircraft 119 Base Maintenance – Small Aircraft 120 Aeronautical Products 121 Maintenance Certification and Certificates of Release to Service 123 Certifying Staff Requirements 123 Single Maintenance Events 124 Approved Maintenance Organisations II (10.3) 126 Learning Objectives 126 AMO Certification Authorisations 127 Issuing Certification Authorisations 127 Records of Certifying Employees 128 Category A Aircraft Maintenance Licence 129 Permitted Training 129 Equipment Tools and Material 132 Introduction to Equipment Tools and Material 132 Calibration of Test Equipment 132 Tool Calibration 133 Acceptance of Aeronautical Products 134 Fabrication in the Course of Maintenance (FITCOM) 135 Instructions for Continuing Airworthiness 138 Introduction to Instructions for Continuing Airworthiness 138 Maintenance Data 138 Production Planning 140 Certification of Maintenance 142 Certification of Maintenance for Aircraft 142 Certification of Maintenance for Aeronautical Products 142 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 7 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Fitting Parts With No Authorised Release Certificate 143 Maintenance Records 144 Occurrence and Major Defect Reporting 145 AMO Exposition Requirements 147 Safety and Quality Policies 147 Maintenance Procedures 147 Quality Management System 148 Exposition Requirements 149 Privileges of an AMO 151 Appendix I 154 Organisations Approval Class and Ratings System 154 Category A 154 Category B 154 Category C 155 Category D 156 Appendix II 158 Category A Licence Tasks 158 Appendix III 161 Conditions for Employees Not Qualified for Part 66 of CASR 1998 161 Air Operations (10.4) 163 Learning Objectives 163 Air Operator’s Certificates 164 Introduction to Air Operator’s Certificates 164 Aerial Work 164 Flying Training 165 Charter 165 Regular Public Transport 166 Air Operator’s Certificates Requirement 168 Introduction to Air Operator’s Certificates Requirement 168 Application for an AOC 168 Australia and New Zealand Mutual Recognition of AOCs 168 The Operator’s Responsibilities 170 Registered Operator Responsibilities 170 Operator’s Responsibilities for Continuous Airworthiness and Maintenance 170 Minimum Equipment List 172 Configuration Deviation List 172 Operator’s Responsibility to an Aircraft Maintenance Program 173 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 8 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Continuing Airworthiness Management Organisation 176 CASR Part 42 Requirements 176 Responsibilities of a CAMO: Obligations 176 Responsibilities of a CAMO: Specific Tasks 177 Requirements for Approval of a CAMO by CASA 177 Documents to Be Carried in Australian Aircraft 179 CAR 139 Document Requirements 179 External and Internal Marking and Signs 180 CASR Part 45 Aircraft Marking Requirements 180 Nationality and Registration Marks 180 Identification Plates 181 Identifying Words 182 Safety Signs 183 Placards 185 Certification of Aircraft, Parts and Appliances I (10.5) 186 Learning Objectives 186 Summary 186 Part 21 187 Certification and Airworthiness 187 Type Certificate 188 Issue of Type Certificates 188 Certification of an Aircraft Type 188 Provisional Type Certificates 188 Supplemental Type Certificate 189 Type Acceptance Certificates 190 Application for a Type Certificate 191 Type Certificate Data Sheet 192 Airworthiness Certification 194 Meaning of Airworthiness Certification 194 Certification Categories and Designation 194 Issuing a Special Certificate of Airworthiness 196 Restricted Certificates of Airworthiness 196 Restricted Certificates of Airworthiness 197 Certificates of Airworthiness Application Process (Aircraft Data) 198 Aeronautical Product Classification 202 CASR Part 21 Classifications 202 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 9 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Class I Products 202 Unapproved Class I Products 203 Class II Products 204 Class III Products 204 Overhauled Product 205 Production Certification 206 Production Certificate Holder: Responsibility 207 Parts 22, 23, 25, 27 and 29 208 CASR Airworthiness Standards 208 Part 22 208 Part 23 209 Normal Category Aircraft 210 Commuter Category Aircraft 214 Part 27 215 Parts 25 and Part 29 216 Certification of Aircraft, Parts and Appliances II (10.5) 218 Learning Objectives 218 Primary Category Aircraft 219 Part 21 Primary Category 219 Primary Category Type Certificates 219 Special Flight Permit 221 Issue of Special Flight Permits 221 Issue of a Special Flight Permit 222 Certificate of Registration 225 Part 47 225 CASR Part 47 226 Noise Certification 229 Introduction to Noise Certification 229 Weight Schedules 230 Weight and Balance Reports 230 Radio Station Licences 232 Radio Station Licence and Approval 232 Approval of Airborne Radio Systems 232 Licensing of Ground Operations Personnel 234 Eligibility for Aeronautical Radio Operator Certificate 235 Application for Aeronautical Radio Operator Certificate 238 Grant of Aeronautical Radio Operator Certificate 238 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 10 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Parts 21 and 42 of CASR 1998 (10.6) 240 Learning Objectives 240 Part 21 of CASR 1998 241 Part 21 241 CASR Part 21 Definitions 241 Production Certification and Approval 242 Production Certification 242 Production Under a Type Certificate Only 243 Manufacture Under a Production Certificate 244 Australian Parts Manufacturing Approval 245 Australian Technical Standard Order Authorisation 246 Identification of Aircraft and Aeronautical Products 247 Part 42 of CASR 1998 251 Part 42 251 Legislative Documents 251 Part 42 Subparts 253 Part 42 Structure 253 CASR Subpart 42.A: Preliminary 253 CASR Subpart 42.B 254 CASR Subpart 42.C 254 CASR Subpart 42.D 255 CASR Subpart 42.E 256 CASR Subpart 42.F 259 CASR Subpart 42.G 260 CASR Subpart 42.H 260 CASR Subpart 42.I 261 CASR Subpart 42.J 262 CASR Subpart 42.K 263 CASR Subpart 42.L 263 CASR Subpart 42.M 263 CASR Subpart 42.N 264 CASR Subpart 42.O 265 CASR Part 42 Manual of Standards 266 Introduction to the Manual of Standards 266 CAMO Requirements 266 CAMO Exposition 267 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 11 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  CAMO Accountable Manager 268 Responsible Manager 269 Continuing Airworthiness Manager 270 Maintenance Carried Out on an Aircraft and Aeronautical Products 271 Continuing Airworthiness Requirements: All Aircraft 272 Applicable National and International Requirements in Maintenance I (10.7) 274 Learning Objectives 274 Regulations and Guidelines 275 Introduction 275 Approved Maintenance Programs 276 Introduction to Approved Maintenance Programs 276 System of Maintenance 276 System of Maintenance Documents 277 Maintenance Schedules 278 Manufacturer’s Maintenance Schedules 280 CASA Maintenance Schedules 280 Approved Maintenance Data 282 Types of Approved Maintenance Data 282 Maintenance Data 282 AMO-Generated Maintenance Data 282 Master Minimum Equipment Lists 283 Minimum Equipment Lists 285 MEL Rectification Intervals 286 Dispatch Deviation List/Guide 287 Configuration Deviation List 288 Service Bulletins 289 Airworthiness Bulletins 290 Airworthiness Directives 291 Modifications and Repairs 292 Maintenance Documentation 294 Aircraft Logbooks 294 Aircraft Logbook Statement 294 Alternative Aircraft Logbook 295 Maintenance Records 295 Applicable National and International Requirements in Maintenance II (10.7) 297 Learning Objectives 297 Continuing Airworthiness Requirements for All Aircraft 298 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 12 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Defect Reporting 298 System Outcomes 298 System Feedback 299 Continuing Airworthiness Requirements 299 Major Defects 300 Introduction to Major Defects 300 Major Defect Reporting 300 Major Defect Reporting Procedures 302 Flight Tests 305 Introduction to Flight Tests 305 Flight Test After Modification 305 Flight Test Assessments 305 Extended Diversion Time Operation 307 Introduction to Extended Diversion Time Operation 307 EDTO Flights 307 EDTO Approval 309 EDTO Maintenance Procedures 309 Rectification of Aircraft Defects 310 EDTO-Significant Systems 310 EDTO Reliability Program 312 EDTO Maintenance Training 313 EDTO Parts Control 314 Weather Operations 315 Introduction to Weather Operations 315 Maintenance Requirements 317 CASA Dictionary 320 Learning Objectives 320 CASA Dictionary 321 Glossary 321 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 13 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Regulatory Framework (10.1) Learning Objectives 10.1.1 Define the role of the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) and state how ICAO standards are incorporated into Australian law (Level 1). 10.1.2 Define the role of CASA (Level 1). 10.1.3 Explain the relationship between Parts 21, 42, 66, 145 and 147 of CASR 1998 (Level 1). 10.1.4 Explain CASA's relationship with other Aviation Authorities (Level 1). 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 14 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  International Civil Aviation Convention on International Civil Aviation Chicago Convention 1944 The Convention on International Civil Aviation (also known as the Chicago Convention) was signed on 7 December 1944 by 52 states. Pending ratification of the convention by 26 states, the Provisional International Civil Aviation Organization (PICAO) was established. It functioned from 6 June 1945 until 4 April 1947. By 5 March 1947, the 26th ratification was received. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) came into being on 4 April 1947. In October of the same year, ICAO became a specialised agency of the United Nations, linked to the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). Alinor at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons ICAO Member States 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 15 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Convention Preamble Whereas it is desirable to avoid friction and to promote that co-operation between nations and peoples upon which the peace of the world depends; Therefore, the undersigned governments having agreed on certain principles and arrangements in order that international civil aviation may be developed in a safe and orderly manner and that international air transport services may be established on the basis of equality of opportunity and operated soundly and economically; have accordingly concluded this Convention to that end.’ The convention (signed on 7 December 1944) established certain principles and arrangements (96 Articles) so that international civil aviation could develop in a safe and orderly manner. These articles provide a means to secure international co-operation and uniformity in regulations and standards. The legal instrument that gives effect to this in Australia is the Air Navigation Act 1920. The Convention on International Civil Aviation set forth the purpose of ICAO Each contracting state must undertake to collaborate in securing the highest practicable degree of uniformity in regulations, standards, procedures, and organisation in relation to aircraft, personnel, airways and auxiliary services in all matters in which such uniformity will facilitate and improve air navigation. To this end, the Convention has set up an organisation known as the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to adopt and amend, from time to time, international standards and recommended practices and procedures that deal with matters concerning safety, regularity and efficiency of air navigation. ICAO ICAO Logo 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 16 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) The role of ICAO is to provide a means to secure international co-operation and uniformity in regulations and standards. To make this possible, the Council of ICAO adopts the International Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) contained in Article 37 and incorporates these as Annexes to the Convention on International Civil Aviation. These annexes (19) regulate international air transport and provide the basis for aviation safety regulation throughout the world. The annexes vary in length from a few pages to hundreds of pages. ICAO ICAO provides a means to secure international co-operation and uniformity in regulations and standards. 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 17 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  ICAO Structure The ICAO is made up of an Assembly, a Council of limited membership with various subordinate bodies, and a Secretariat. The Assembly, the sovereign body of ICAO comprising representatives from all contracting states, meets at least once in three years to discuss civil aviation issues in the technical, economic, legal and technical co-operation fields. The Council, which is the governing body, gives continuing direction to the work of ICAO. Non-governmental organisations which also participate in ICAO's work include the International Air Transport Association, the Airports Council International, the International Federation of Air Line Pilots' Associations, and the International Council of Aircraft Owner and Pilot Associations. ICAO also works in close co-operation with other members of the United Nations family, such as the World Meteorological Organization, the International Telecommunication Union, the Universal Postal Union, the World Health Organization and the International Maritime Organization. Australia is a Contracting State to ICAO. The Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA), as our National Aviation Authority (NAA), is given powers by the Australian Federal Government to enforce and implement conformity with ICAO. ICAO Australia is a contracting state to ICAO 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 18 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Australia’s Civil Aviation Regulations Civil Aviation Act 1988 Federal Register of Legislation Civil Aviation Act 1988 The Civil Aviation Act 1988 (as amended) is the body of law that links Australia with the international aviation community. Incorporated in the Civil Aviation Act is the agreement under the Chicago Convention, where minimum standards affecting air safety have been set. The Civil Aviation Act 1988 is implemented in Australia by the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998. The Civil Aviation Regulations (CAR) 1988 and the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations (CASR) 1998 are in force under the authority of the Civil Aviation Act and provide general regulatory controls for the safety of air navigation. The Civil Aviation Act, the Civil Aviation Regulations (CARs) and the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations (CASRs) give effect to some of Australia’s obligations under the Convention on International Civil Aviation (the Chicago Convention). The English texts of the Chicago Convention and several Protocols amending it are set out as Schedules to the Commonwealth Air Navigation Act 1920. The CASRs, the CARs and the Civil Aviation Orders (CAOs) are parts of Australian law. They are delegated legislation made by the Governor-General (for the Regulations) or CASA itself (for the Orders) under authority given by the Commonwealth Parliament. The authority for the Governor- General to make the Regulations is in Section 98 of the Civil Aviation Act 1988, and the authority for CASA to make the orders is in Subsection 98 (4A) of that Act and in Regulation 5 of the CAR 1988. 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 19 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  The Regulations – CASR 1998 The Civil Aviation Regulations (CAR) have been amended many times since 1988. They are being progressively reviewed as CASA brings its requirements into line with international standards and best regulatory practice. Major new policies are generally incorporated into the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations (CASRs). The intention is that the matters in the CARs and the CAOs will be progressively brought into the CASRs. As part of that process, the CASRs are to be written in modern, easy-to-understand language. Both the Act 1988 and the Regulations (CARs 1988 and CASRs 1998) can only be changed by an act of Parliament. The Civil Aviation Act, the CASR and the CAR are not the whole of the Commonwealth legislation regarding aviation. Aspects of aviation other than safety are regulated under (for example): The Air Navigation Act 1920 The Air Services Act 1995 The Air Services Regulations 1995 The Airspace Act 2007. The Regulations contain many regulations within them. Regulations refers to the whole statutory document. The History of CASA Australia’s National Aviation Authority (NAA) was established in 1938 as the Department of Civil Aviation (DCA). The functions of the National Aviation Authority (NAA) had previously been carried out by the Department of Defence. The DCA was incorporated into the Department of Transport (DOT) in 1973. In 1982, aviation within the DOT became the Department of Aviation (DOA). Another change came in 1987, when the DOA became the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). The Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) was established on 6 July 1995 as an independent statutory authority. CASA Logo 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 20 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  CASA's Role CASA was established as an independent statutory authority. Under Section 8 of the Civil Aviation Act 1988, it was established as a body corporate separate from the Commonwealth. CASA’s authority to operate in Australia is given by the Civil Aviation Act 1988. CASA’s primary role is to conduct the safety regulation of civil air operations in Australia and the operation of Australian aircraft overseas. CASA is also required to provide comprehensive safety education and training programs, cooperate with the Australian Transport Safety Bureau and administer certain features of Part IVA of the Civil Aviation (Carriers' Liability) Act 1959. Other legislation affecting CASA in the exercise of its powers includes: Air Navigation Act 1920 Auditor-General Act 1997 Ombudsman Act 1976 Freedom of Information Act 1982 Privacy Act 1988 Administrative Appeals Tribunal Act 1975 Administrative Decisions (Judicial Review) Act 1977. The Chief Executive Officer manages CASA and is responsible to the Minister for the Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development. 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 21 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Legislative Documents Introduction The Civil Aviation Act and the CAR 1988 empower CASA to issue Civil Aviation Orders (CAOs) on detailed matters of regulation. The CASRs 1998 empower CASA to issue Manuals of Standards (MOS) which support the CASR by providing detailed technical material. If there is an inconsistency between the MOS and the Act or the Regulations, the Act or the Regulation prevail. © CASR CASR 1998 Full Regulation Structure 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 22 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Civil Aviation Orders (CAOs) To facilitate the efficient operation of the department, the CARs empower CASA to issue orders which can be changed on a day-to-day basis. These orders are called Civil Aviation Orders and are known as CAOs. They make CASA’s requirements known to those who have anything to do with the operation of aircraft. Aviation Australia Sample CAO No 48.1 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 23 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Manual of Standards (MOS) Many parts of the CASRs are supported by a legislative instrument known as a Manual of Standards (MOS) and prescribed by CASA for uniform application. MOSs contain detailed technical material, such as technical specifications and standards, determined to be necessary for the safety of air navigation. The text of a manual is often incorporated in the CASR by reference. There will usually be a definition of Manual, Manual of Standards or MOS (followed by a reference to a part of the CASRs), which will state something like, ‘For this Part (that is, part of the regulations): MOS Part 43 means the document called the Manual of Standards – Part 43, published by CASA, as in force from time to time.’ Note that for a particular part of the CASR, only part of the Manual may be incorporated, and that part of the relevant manual is what Manual or MOS will mean for that part. A Manual of Standards is a legislative instrument for the purposes of the Legislative Instruments Act 2003 and must be registered, and made publicly available, as required by that act. The Federal Register of Legislative Instruments established under that act is accessible at http://www.comlaw.gov.au. A manual may be amended from time to time, but the amendments will be done in a similar way to amendments to the CASR or CAR. Aviation Australia Sample MOS - Part 66 of Civil Aviation Safety Regulation of 1998 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 24 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Civil Aviation Advisory Publications (CAAPs) Civil Aviation Advisory Publications (CAAPs) provide guidance and information in a designated subject area or show a method acceptable to an authorised person or CASA for complying with a related Civil Aviation Regulation. CAAPs should always be read in conjunction with the referenced regulations. CAAPs are advisory only. They provide recommendations and guidance to illustrate a method, or several methods, not necessarily being the only method by which legislative requirements may be met. They also provide a means of illustrating the meaning of certain requirements by offering interpretive and explanatory guidance. The CAAPs relate to the CAR 1988 only. Aviation Australia Example of a CAAP 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 25 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Advisory Circulars (ACs) Advisory Circulars (ACs) are advisory only. ACs provide recommendations and guidance to illustrate a method, or several methods, not necessarily being the only method by which legislative requirements may be met. They also provide a means of illustrating the meaning of certain requirements by offering interpretive and explanatory guidance. ACs should always be read in conjunction with the referenced regulations. The CASR 1998 are supported by ACs. Aviation Australia Sample CASA Advisory Circular 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 26 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Maintenance Regulations Introduction In general, these regulations are based on organisational approvals, with less reliance on individual approvals and delegations. Gaining approval to operate under the CASR parts is contingent on the industry demonstrating it can manage the risks associated with the requested privileges. The focus for CASA is on organisation systems. This demonstration is done via expositions, through which CASA can manage compliance by permission, application assessments and ongoing oversight. © Aviation Australia Maintenance Regulations 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 27 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Part 21 Part 21 affects anyone in the Australian aviation community involved in the design, manufacture and airworthiness certification of aircraft, aeronautical products and parts. Part 21 of the rules sets out the requirements for approval as an approved design organisation as well as for the associated privileges and obligations. It was developed to deal with the certification and airworthiness requirements for aircraft and aircraft parts. It includes rules relating to Type Certificates (TC), Type Acceptance Certificates, Supplemental Type Certificates (STC), Production Certificates, Certificates of Airworthiness and export airworthiness approvals. It also covers the approval of aircraft engines, propellers, and certain materials and parts. © Aviation Australia CASR 1998 Part 21 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 28 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Parts 42 and 145 CASR Parts 42 and 145, which cover the continuing airworthiness and approval of maintenance organisations, only apply to Regular Public Transport operators operating under an Air Operator’s Certificate (AOC). This means CASR Parts 42 and 145 do not apply to other classes of aircraft operations such as charter, aerial work and general aviation at this time. A maintenance provider for a Regular Public Transport operator must be a Part 145 Approved Maintenance Organisation (AMO) under the CASR. © Aviation Australia CASR 1998 Parts 42 and 145 Part 42 Part 42 clearly separates the responsibilities for continuing airworthiness management and carrying out maintenance of aircraft (Part 145 AMO). Further, it Requires Air Operator’s Certificate (AOC) holders to be the registered operator of the aircraft listed on their AOC Requires AOC holders to be approved as a Continuing Airworthiness Management Organisation (CAMO; Subpart G), including approval of management structures and employee qualification standards Confers the responsibilities of a CAMO, which oversees the airworthiness of aircraft being maintained by a maintenance provider Introduces an Annual Airworthiness Review containing both a records check and a physical survey for each aircraft Requires maintenance providers for Regular Public Transport (RPT) operators to be approved as a CASR 145 Approved Maintenance Organisation – both domestic and international. 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 29 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Part 145 Introduces Safety Management Systems (SMS) in line with the ICAO SARP amendments Applies human factors principles and training requirements Requires the consideration of human performance limitations integral to the organisation’s processes and procedures, for example, production planning to schedule manpower and workload Requires the formal authorisation of staff carrying out and certifying for maintenance on the organisation’s behalf. Parts 66 and 147 © Aviation Australia CASR 1998 Part 66 and Part 147 relationship Part 66 Includes Category A, B1, B2 and C licences States that B1 and B2 are the primary licence categories and cover the majority of existing airframe, engine, electrical, instrument and radio combinations Establishes nationally endorsed competency-based training as underpinning the licence qualification requirements. 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 30 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Part 147 Part 147 allows CASA to approve and recognise organisations delivering competency-based training for the issue of Part 66 licences and aims to remove the current duplication with CASA exams. These organisations are known as Maintenance Training Organisations (MTOs). To train aircraft maintenance engineers, an MTO must be approved under Part 147. An approved 147 MTO may conduct aircraft maintenance licence exams under Part 147 of the CASR. Type-rating training is aligned to B1 and B2 licence categories. 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 31 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  CASA’s Relationship With Other Aviation Authorities CASA and FAA An agreement is in force to promote aviation safety between the government of Australia and the government of the US. These procedures are executed pursuant to Article 4 of the Agreement on the Promotion of Aviation Safety Between the Government of Australia and the Government of the United States of America, dated 21 June 2005, known as the Bilateral Aviation Safety Agreement. In accordance with Article 4 of the Bilateral Aviation Safety Agreement, the Parties agree that the aircraft certification systems of their implementing authorities, i.e. the Federal Aviation Administration of the United States (FAA) and the Civil Aviation Safety Authority of Australia (CASA), which regulate the design approval, production approval, airworthiness certification and continuing airworthiness of civil aeronautical products, parts and appliances, are sufficiently similar in structure and performance to support these implementation procedures. Creative Commons FAA Logo 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 32 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  CASA and CAANZ An arrangement exists between CASA and the Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand (CAANZ). This arrangement is the ANZA Mutual Recognition Agreement (Act 3) and covers: Mutual recognition of aviation related certification; and Mutual recognition of Air Operator Certificates. The arrangement set out in the document entitled Arrangement between the Australian and New Zealand Governments on Mutual Recognition of Aviation-Related Certification, signed at Wellington on 13 February 2007. The arrangement set out in the document entitled Operational Arrangement between the Civil Aviation Safety Authority of Australia and the Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand in relation to mutual recognition of Air Operator’s Certificates signed on 16 March 2007. Creative Commons CAAANZ Logo 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 33 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  CASR, FARs and Regulation (EC) Harmonisation of Australia’s Aviation Safety Laws One objective of the CASR 1998 is to harmonise certain parts of Australia’s aviation safety laws with various foreign legislation, including the US Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs) and the regulations of the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). © Aviation Australia CASA, EASA and FAA 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 34 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  FARs The FARs are the Federal Aviation Regulations, part of the Code of Federal Regulations of the United States of America. The FARs are the exact equivalent, in the context of the United States, of these regulations. However, there are considerable differences between the legal systems of the United States and Australia, and the US analogies and practices must be treated with caution in Australia. Also, the legal drafting style of the Code of Federal Regulations, and of US legislative drafting generally, is markedly different from that of Australia. Aviation Australia The FAA eCFR website provides access to the FARs in electronic format Regulation (EC) Regulation (EC) is a package of common aviation legislation developed by the European Union. EASA is the NAA for the European Community that implements the regulations set by the European Commission. EASA EASA Logo 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 35 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  EASA does not replace an EU member state’s National Aviation Administration. The EASA has a standardisation and oversight function for all aviation safety certification activities of member states. Regulation (EC) No. 1139/2018, which is the basic regulation, sets common rules in the field of civil aviation and establishing the EASA. Type Certificates From Recognised Countries Automatic acceptance of aircraft Type Certificates (TC) or equivalent documents from recognised countries was instituted in 1990. There are procedures for applicants to apply to CASA for a Type Acceptance Certificate (TAC) for an aircraft type that has been issued with a TC or equivalent document by the National Airworthiness Authority (NAA) of one of the following countries: Canada Federal Republic of Germany New Zealand The French Republic The Kingdom of the Netherlands The United Kingdom The United States of America. Directorate General Civil Aviation is the French Nation Aviation Authority 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 36 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Part 66 Certifying Staff I (10.2) Learning Objectives 10.2.1 Detailed understanding of Part 66 of CASR 1998 (Level 2). 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 37 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Definitions Key Terms Unless otherwise defined in the Part 66 MOS, words and phrases have the same meaning as in Part 66 of CASR 1998. The phrase carry out maintenance includes, within its normal meaning, both the supervision of maintenance and performance of the physical tasks of maintenance. Avionic Line Replaceable Unit An Avionic Line Replaceable Unit (LRU) is an aircraft avionic part that satisfies all of the following requirements: It must have no mechanical input from, or output to, another part or mechanism It must contain only electrical, electronic, instrument or radio parts, or software, or a combination of any such part or parts and software, designed to provide control, monitor or display functions, or a combination of such functions. It must not require any of the following in order to be installed, secured or connected to the aircraft: Specialist knowledge or techniques Specialised equipment Rigging, or functional testing or adjustment, using specialised equipment external to the aircraft or brought on board the aircraft, to ensure that it is functioning properly. 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 38 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Avionics System Avionics system means an aircraft system as specified in Table 1 of the Part 66 MOS. An avionics system transfers, processes, displays or stores analogue or digital data using data lines, wireless or other data transmission medium, and includes the systems components and connectors. Examples of avionics systems include the following: Auto flight Communication and navigation Instruments In-flight entertainment systems Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) Cabin systems On-board maintenance systems Information systems Fly-by-wire systems ATA Chapter 27: Flight Controls Fibre optic control systems. Base Maintenance Base maintenance, for a Part 145 organisation, means maintenance on an aircraft that CASA has approved in the Organisation Exposition as being base maintenance for the organisation. Electrical System Electrical system means the aircraft electrical power supply source plus the distribution system to the different components contained in the aircraft and relevant connectors. Electrical systems are specified in Table 1 of the Part 66 MOS. When working on cables (including coaxial cables) and connectors which are part of these electrical systems, the following typical practices are included in the privileges: Continuity, insulation and bonding techniques and testing Crimping and testing of crimped joints Connector pin removal and insertion Wiring protection techniques. 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 39 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Lighting System Lighting systems are part of the electrical system. Line Maintenance Line maintenance, for a Part 145 organisation, means maintenance on an aircraft that CASA has approved in the organisation exposition as being line maintenance for the organisation. Powerplant Powerplant means an aircraft engine. Practical Consolidation Training Practical Consolidation Training (PCT) means a practical training course conducted by a maintenance training organisation in accordance with Section 66.A.50 and Appendix III and approved in writing by CASA. Note: In considering whether to approve a PCT course, CASA will take into account whether the course elements reflect the elements of a best practice PCT program as described in Advisory Circular 147-1 Practical Consolidation Training. Rating Rating means an authorisation granted under Regulation 66.080 or 66.095, being permission: To perform maintenance certification, under a category B1 or B2 licence, for maintenance carried out on a particular type-rated aircraft type, or To issue a certificate of release to service, under a category B1, B2 or C licence, for an aircraft of a particular type-rated aircraft type in relation to maintenance carried out on the aircraft. Recognition of Prior Learning Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) means prior learning that has delivered knowledge or competency by a theoretical or practical element, which is at least equivalent to the knowledge, competency, or theoretical or practical element that is otherwise required in the absence of RPL. Note: Under provisions of this MOS, passing examinations, holding units of competency and holding prerequisite qualifications or prerequisite units of competency may be by means of RPL. 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 40 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Simple Test Simple test means a test described in approved maintenance data that meets all the following criteria: The serviceability of the system can be verified using aircraft controls, switches, Built-In Test Equipment (BITE), a Central Maintenance Computer (CMC) or external test equipment not involving special training. The outcome of the test is a unique go-no-go indication or parameter. No interpretation of the test result or interdependence of different values is allowed. Subsystem Subsystem means a system which, while capable of functioning on its own, is part of a larger system and includes: The electrical subsystem comprised of electrical parts, appliances and motors within mechanical, powerplant and structural systems, or The instrument subsystem comprised of avionic systems within mechanical, powerplant and structural systems. 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 41 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Troubleshooting Troubleshooting means the published approved fault isolation maintenance procedures and actions outlined in maintenance data, used as necessary in order to identify the root cause of a defect or malfunction. It may include the use of BITE or external test equipment. Troubleshooting may involve avionic LRU changes, however, it does not involve multiple avionic LRU changes in pursuit of a system fault unless the changes are made in accordance with a published approved maintenance procedure (e.g. Troubleshooting Manual, Fault Isolation Manual procedure). © Aviation Australia Glossary 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 42 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Type Ratings Type-Rated Aircraft A type-rated aircraft is defined as: A particular type, or type and model, of large aircraft with a particular type of aircraft engine (i.e. Airbus A310 fitted with General Electric (GE) CF6 engines or a Boeing 747-400 fitted with Rolls Royce (RR) RB211 engines). A large aircraft with a particular type of aircraft engine. These aircraft are known as non-rated aircraft (i.e. a non-rated aircraft fitted with a Pratt & Whitney Canada (PWC) PT6 engine or a Honeywell TPE331 engine). A small aircraft with a particular type of aircraft engine (i.e. a PWC PT6 or a Honeywell TPE331). Gudellaphoto/stock.adobe.com used with permission Qantas Boeing 747-400 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 43 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Type-Rated Aircraft Licence A type-rated aircraft licence is an aircraft engineer licence that authorises certification of maintenance on specific types of (type-rated) aircraft as specified in the Part 66 MOS. Type-rated aircraft training is training for the rating delivered by a maintenance training organisation in accordance with a course plan for the training approved by CASA. Yoshihiro/stock.adobe.com used with permission A type-rated aircraft licence is an aircraft engineer licence that authorises certification of maintenance on specific types of aircraft 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 44 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Aircraft Types Large Aircraft A large aircraft (fixed-wing) is defined as: An aircraft that has a Maximum Take-Off Weight (MTOW) of more than 5700 kg, or An aircraft that has a MTOW of not more than 5700 kg and is of a type and model specified in the Part 42 MOS as a large aircraft (also referred to as a complex aircraft). Large aircraft as defined in the Part 42 Manual of Standards A large aircraft (rotary-wing) is defined as: A helicopter that has more than one engine, or A helicopter that has only one engine; and is of a type and model specified in the Part 42 MOS as a large aircraft (also referred to as a complex aircraft). 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 45 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Large rotary wing aircraft as defined in the Part 42 Manual of Standards Small Aircraft A small aircraft (fixed-wing) is defined as: An aircraft that has a maximum take-off weight of not more than 5700 kg and is not of a type and model specified in the Part 42 MOS as a large aircraft, or An aircraft that has a maximum take-off weight of more than 5700 kg, and is of a type and model specified in the Part 42 MOS as a small aircraft. Small aircraft as defined in the Part 42 Manual of Standards 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 46 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  A small aircraft (rotary-wing) is defined as: A helicopter that has only one engine and is not of a type and model specified in the Part 42 MOS as a large aircraft, or A helicopter that has more than one engine and is of a type and model specified in the Part 42 MOS as a small aircraft. Small aircraft as defined in the Part 42 Manual of Standards 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 47 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Primary Category Aircraft Primary category aircraft (for the purpose of certification) are identical to the FAA Primary category aircraft. These aircraft are of simple design and intended for pleasure and personal use only. To be eligible for Primary category certification, the aircraft (including aeroplanes, gliders, rotorcraft, manned free balloons, etc.) must meet the description defined in CASR 21.024. A qualified pilot-owner has permission to perform appropriate preventive maintenance only on a Primary category aircraft. Primary category aircraft are issued a Special Certificate of Airworthiness IAW Part 21. Example of a primary category aircraft 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 48 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Standard Category Aircraft (For the Purpose of Certification) Standard category aircraft are aircraft operating under a Standard Certificate of Airworthiness (CofA). A Standard CofA may be issued in the following categories: Transport Normal Utility Aerobatic Commuter Manned free balloons Special class. (Passenger) Transport is an example of a standard category aircraft 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 49 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  CASR Part 66 CASR 1998 sets out the regulations which must be complied with. The CASRs are incorporated into Australian law and can be issued and changed only by an act of Parliament. CASR Part 66 deals with the administration and procedures relating to aircraft engineer licences and ratings for the performance of maintenance certification and Issues Certificates of Release to Service (CRSs) for aircraft in relation to maintenance carried out on the aircraft, and Empowers CASA to issue a MOS for this part. The Part 66 MOS sets out the requirements for the issue of an aircraft engineer licence and other requirements or privileges associated with the licence. Note: Under CASR 1998 Part 42, a person performing maintenance certification or issuing a certificate of release to service on behalf of a Part 145 Approved Maintenance Organisation must hold a certification authorisation from the organisation that permits the person to perform the maintenance certification or issue the CRS. © Aviation Australia 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 50 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Part 66 MOS Part 66 Manual of Standards A MOS is a legislative instrument for the purposes of the Legislative Instruments Act 2003 and must be registered, and made publicly available, as required by that act. The Part 66 MOS supports CASR Part 66 and sets out the requirements which must be met. The MOS can be issued and changed by CASA and is implemented by the Director of Aviation Safety. It contains detailed technical material, such as technical specifications and standards. The MOS Part 66 sets out the requirements which must be met for: The issue of an aircraft engineer licence, and The privileges associated with the licence. © CASA Aircraft Maintenance Engineer Licence Cover Note: Under CASR 1998 Part 42, a person who performs maintenance certification or issues a CRS on behalf of the organisation must hold a certification authorisation from the organisation. 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 51 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  The text of a MOS is often incorporated in the CASR by reference. There will usually be a definition of Manual, Manual of Standards or MOS (followed by a reference to a part of the CASR) which will say: 'For this Part (that is, Part of the Regulations): MOS Part 42 means the document called Manual of Standards Part 42, published by CASA, as in force from time to time.' Note that for a particular part of the CASR, only part of the MOS may be incorporated, and that part of the relevant manual is what Manual or MOS will mean. A Manual may be amended from time to time, but the amendments will be done in a similar way to amendments to the CASR and CAR. The regulation always takes precedence over the MOS if there is any conflict. Acceptable Means of Compliance An Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) explains how one or more requirements of the CASR 1998 for the issue of a certificate, licence, approval or other authorisation can be met by an individual or organisation applying to CASA for the authorisation. Applicants are not required to comply with an AMC, but if they do, CASA will issue the authorisation to which the AMC relates. Individuals and operators may, on their own initiative, propose other ways of meeting the requirements of the CASR; however, any such proposal will be subject to a separate assessment by CASA to determine whether the authorisation can be issued. CASA Logo 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 52 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Guidance Material The Guidance Material (GM) provides explanations and amplification of a CASR policy intention rather than a means of complying with it. The GM should be read in conjunction with the applicable CASR and AMCs. GM is identified by grey shaded text. MOS guidance material example 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 53 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Aircraft Engineer Licence The Part 66 MOS specifies the requirements for the issue of an aircraft engineer licence in one or more of the following categories: Category A Category B1 Category B2 Category C. Licence Subcategories Categories A and B1 may be endorsed with the following subcategories for maintenance on combinations of aeroplanes, helicopters, and turbine and piston engines: A1 and B1.1 aeroplane turbine A2 and B1.2 aeroplane piston A3 and B1.3 helicopter turbine A4 and B1.4 helicopter piston. Ⓒ Aviation Australia AME Licence 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 54 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Type Ratings Type Rating and Eligibility Eligibility for the endorsement of a rating onto a B1, B2 or C licence is established by successfully completing the theoretical elements of the aircraft type training and assessment for the rating as well as the practical elements of the aircraft type training and assessment for the rating. Eligibility can also be established if the applicant holds a foreign authority or company approval that corresponds to the rating sought. Aeroplanes over 5700 kg MTOW, multi-engine helicopters and aircraft (including, where appropriate, a particular engine type) that CASA has designated as requiring a type rating generally form the basis of the type-rated aircraft types listed in Appendix IX of the Part 66 MOS. CASA has also designated certain small aircraft and specific engines as requiring a type rating on the basis that, taking into account issues such as complexity, new technology, Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB) recommendations or other safety issues, type training will enhance aviation safety. Aircraft designated as Type-rated aircraft types and type-rating endorsements for Category B1, B2 or C licences are referenced in Appendix IX, Table 1 of the Part 66 MOS. Part 66 MOS - Table 1 The full MOS is available for download at the Federal Register of Legislation. 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 55 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Non-Type-Rated Aircraft Aircraft that do not require the aircraft engineer licence holder to have a type rating are not listed in Appendix IX of the Part 66 MOS. Non-type-rated aircraft such as the Cessna 180 Series (Continental) or Robinson R22/R44 Series (Lycoming) are covered by the relevant subcategory B1 licence, i.e. B1.2 and B1.4, and category B2 licences, but within the scope of the licence and normally without further rating requirements. Non Type-Rated Aircraft 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 56 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Aircraft Systems, Designations and Conditions Aircraft Systems and Licence Categories The Guidance Material (GM) to MOS 66.A.20 states that Table 1 makes a clear distinction between aircraft systems, licence conditions and limitations. Table 1 designates them as mechanical, powerplant, structural, electrical or avionic. Despite that clear distinction, there will be times when aircraft systems intersect and it may not be readily apparent which licence holder may provide the maintenance certification for the maintenance required. The oxygen system is, for example, a mechanical system, but it also contains instruments (avionic system) and hence the question arises of which licence, B1 or B2, has responsibility for the maintenance. In such a case, either category could maintain the instrument (e.g. pressure indicator), but who should do so would depend on the nature of the maintenance in any particular situation. If the indicator is to be replaced due to a failure of a sensor feed, then it would be appropriate for the B2 licence holder to provide the maintenance certification, but a B1 licence holder could also carry out the maintenance and provide the maintenance certification. If the indicator was not sensing due to an in-line oxygen sensor failure, requiring the oxygen line to be broken and purged and the part to be replaced, then category B1 would be the appropriate licence holder to carry out the work and provide the maintenance certification. Extract from MOS 66.A.20 Table 1 The full MOS is available for download at the Federal Register of Legislation. 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 57 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Licence Privileges Category A Licence Privileges A person who holds a Category A licence endorsed with a subcategory may perform maintenance certification for that subcategory maintenance if: The person carried out the maintenance, and The maintenance is line maintenance of a kind mentioned in Appendix II of the Part 145 MOS. A person who holds a Category A licence endorsed with a subcategory may issue a CRS for that subcategory maintenance if: The maintenance was carried out by that person, or The maintenance and its maintenance certification were carried out by another person who holds a Category A licence with the appropriate subcategory, and The maintenance was line maintenance of a kind mentioned in Appendix II of the Part 145 MOS, and The aircraft being maintained is covered by the subcategory of licence held. The reference to maintenance above does not include: Supervision of maintenance, or For a subcategory A1 licence, maintenance of a propeller-driven aeroplane unless the subcategory A1 licence holder: Holds a B1.1 subcategory endorsement that permits the holder to perform maintenance certification on the propeller system of a propeller-driven aeroplane, or Is positively endorsed in the subcategory A1 to provide such maintenance. 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 58 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Image by Soumya Ranjan from Pexels Line Maintenance 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 59 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Category B1 Licence Privileges A person who holds a Category B1 licence endorsed with a subcategory may perform maintenance certification for that subcategory maintenance if the person carried out the subcategory maintenance and the maintenance was any of the following: Work on an aircraft system designated in Table 1 as structural, powerplant, mechanical or electrical. Unless the licence is specifically subject to an avionics LRU exclusion, replacement of an avionic line replaceable unit that requires only simple tests to prove its serviceability. Updating the software in an avionics system, provided that: The system has a discrete test facility to confirm the success of the updating, and The serviceability of any other system affected by the updating is also confirmed, and Only simple tests are necessary to verify the serviceability of the system and any other system affected by the updating. Category A licence tasks of a kind mentioned in Appendix II of the Part 145 MOS for the aircraft type rating or ratings held. Functional checks of avionics systems that can be conducted as a simple test, and Troubleshooting of avionics systems that can be conducted using only simple tests. Example of AME Licence endorsements and exclusions The licence holder may supervise others for maintenance certification purposes, and if the maintenance is for a type-rated aircraft, they must hold the appropriate aircraft type rating. 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 60 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  A person who holds a Category B1 licence endorsed with a subcategory may issue a CRS for aircraft covered by a subcategory endorsed on the licence, after maintenance of the aircraft, if the maintenance was not base maintenance carried out on a large aircraft. Category B2 Licence Privileges A person who holds a Category B2 licence may perform maintenance certification for Category B2 maintenance carried out on an aircraft if: The person carried out the maintenance, and The maintenance was carried out: On an aircraft system designated in Table 1 as avionic or electrical, or On an instrument or electrical subsystem of an aircraft system designated in Table 1 as structural, powerplant or mechanical. The licence holder may supervise others for maintenance certification purposes, and if the maintenance is for a type-rated aircraft, they must hold the appropriate aircraft type rating. A person who holds a Category B2 licence may issue a CRS for aircraft covered by the licence if the maintenance was not base maintenance carried out on a large aircraft. © CASA Aircraft Engineer Licence Cover 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 61 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  Category C Licence Privileges A person who holds a Category C licence may issue a CRS for base maintenance carried out on a large aircraft for the aircraft in its entirety if: The maintenance was carried out on a particular type of large aircraft, and The Category C holder’s licence is endorsed with the type rating for the particular type of large aircraft. Example of category C licence type ratings Application for a Licence An application for an aircraft engineer licence, or an application for a variation of an aircraft engineer licence, must be made to CASA using CASA Form 540. The application must: Be in writing, and Specify the aircraft engineer licence being applied for, and If the applicant does not hold an aircraft engineer licence at the time of making the application, it must be accompanied by evidence of the applicant’s identity, and Be accompanied by copies of documents evidencing the qualifications and experience relevant to the licence being applied for. 2023-11-16 B-10c Aviation Legislation Page 62 of 328 CASA Part 66 - Training Materials Only  An application for a licence or a rating must be in writing and set out details of the applicant’s: Training Attainments