Autism and OT slides.pdf

Autism and Occupational Therapy Corrine Hoo Occupational Therapist & Senior Lecturer Occupational Therapy, Health and Social Sciences Cluster Singapore Institute of Technology 1 Objectives Understand the diagnosis of autism Understand how autism affects development and occupation Describe the role o...

Autism and Occupational Therapy Corrine Hoo Occupational Therapist & Senior Lecturer Occupational Therapy, Health and Social Sciences Cluster Singapore Institute of Technology 1 Objectives Understand the diagnosis of autism Understand how autism affects development and occupation Describe the role of the occupational therapist in intervention with children and youth with autism Articulate the importance of evidence‐based intervention. 2 1 References Clinical Practice Guidelines from MOH (2010). Autism Spectrum Disorder in Pre‐ school Children. (currently withdrawn – New CPG in development) AOTA Clinical Practice Guidelines for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (2016) Kuhaneck, H. (2020). Autism Spectrum Disorder. In J. C. O’Brien & H. Kuhaneck (Eds.), Case‐Smith’s Occupational Therapy for Children and Adolescents (8th ed., pp. 786‐ 813). Elsevier. Slides from A/Prof Daisy Chan “Screening and Diagnosis” (complimentary to lecture) – MOH CPG website. Slides from Dr Sylvia Choo “ Complimentary alternative therapies” (complimentary to lecture) – MOH CPG website Photo credit on Slide 1 – Shay McAtee 3 Other references Clinical reports from the American Academy of Pediatrics Identification, evaluation and management of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Occupational Therapy’s Role with Autism (AOTA Fact Sheet) AOTA – Choosing Wisely Especially items 2 and 7 Tomchek, S., Koenig, K. P., Arbesman, M., & Lieberman, D. (2017). Evidence Connection—Occupational therapy interventions for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 71, 7101395010. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2017.711003 Nah, Y.‐H., Chen, M., & Poon, K. K.‐L. (2021). Supporting individuals with autism spectrum disorder in Singapore. Intervention in School and Clinic, 57(5), 348–354. https://doi.org/10.1177/10534512211032911 4 2 What is Autism? https://youtu.be/Rhqr0giWz7Y 5 Autism: DSM-5-TR as manifested by all of the 6 3 7 8 4 9 Defining / Diagnosing Autism From 2013 : DSM 5 is used Changes in DSM 5 (from DSM‐IV) https://psychiatry.org/dsm5 http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/index.html All viewed as Autism Spectrum Disorders PDD, Autism, Asperger Syndrome, PDD‐NOS, Childhood Autism and Atypical Autism. Trivia: Previous editions of the DSM used the Roman numerals (DSM‐III, DSM‐IV) but DSM‐5 uses the Arabic numeral. Incremental updates will be identified with decimals (DSM5.1) until a new edition is written. 10 5 Facts on Autism Worldwide prevalence ranges from 1.09 per 10000 to 436 per 10000 Median prevalence of 100 per 10000 Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network (USA) estimates it as 1 in 44 children aged 8y (surveillance year of 2018) WHO: estimated 1 in 100 children Identical twins – 36‐95% other twin affected Non‐identical twins – 0‐31% other twin affected Child with ASD – 2 to 18% chance next child is affected (Centers for Disease Control, 2018) 11 Facts on Autism Median of 33% have an intellectual disability (IQ