ATP for Videos PDF

By Mrs. Hoskins SB1. Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information to analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and functions in living cells. e. Ask questions to investigate and provide explanations about the roles of photosynthesis and respiration in the cycling of matter and flow...

By Mrs. Hoskins SB1. Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information to analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and functions in living cells. e. Ask questions to investigate and provide explanations about the roles of photosynthesis and respiration in the cycling of matter and flow of energy within the cell (e.g., single-celled alga). (Clarification statement: Instruction should focus on understanding the inputs, outputs, and functions of photosynthesis and respiration and the functions of the major sub-processes of each  Adenosine Triphosphate = ATP Background: Your body needs energy to run your cells. Your body cannot directly use your food for energy. The energy you CAN use in the food you eat is stored in its chemical bonds. To convert this energy into a form your body can directly use, those bonds have to be broken, and new bonds formed. Once energy is converted into a more usable form, ATP carries it to be used for cell functions. ATP = an energy-carrying molecule that carries/stores energy for cell functions. - It is the MAIN energy currency for the cell!!  Structure Nitrogen base (adenine) Sugar ring (ribose) 3 phosphate groups held together with high energy bonds Adenine Phosphates Ribose  ATP-ADP Cycle A lot of energy is stored in the bond between the last two phosphates. - Energy is released when a phosphate group is removed (and added to another molecule.) - ADP is becomes ATP when a phosphate group is added. - ADP is recycled. ATP Energy is released for cell processes Phosphate is added Phosphate is removed ADP Energy is added from broken down food  ATP-ADP Cycle This is a chemiosmotic process. – Chemiosmosis = movement of ions down a concentration gradient Enzyme ATP Synthase is used to add the third phosphate to ADP to make ATP, using energy from the food you eat. ATP Energy is released for cell processes Phosphate is added Phosphate is removed ADP Energy is added from broken down food  Summary When ATP is broken down, it releases energy for the cell to use and becomes ADP and a phosphate. – ATP  ADP + P + energy – Because more energy is given off than required, this is overall an exothermic reaction. To make ATP, cells must join together ADP and a phosphate using energy from food. – ADP + P + energy  ATP – Because energy is taken in (it takes a lot of energy to attach the 3rd phosphate) this is overall an endothermic reaction. Note: ATP is formed in this way during cellular respiration, which we will learn more about in Conc. 5! Where does the energy come from again? Carbon-based molecules in your food! Remember macromolecules? – Carbohydrates: most commonly broken down for ATP Can get ~36 ATP from 1 glucose molecule Store 4 cal/g of energy – Lipids (fats): broken down after carbs Store 9 cal/g of energy – Proteins: least likely to be broken down for energy Store 4 cal/g of energy  Making ATP Model Putting it all together practice