Atomic Structure & Periodic Table Notes PDF

# Atomic Structure & Periodic Table ## AKS 1a & AKS 1b - Learning Target: I can develop and use models to draw neutral atoms and their subatomic particles. ## AKS: - 1a. develop and use models to compare and contrast the structure of atoms, ions, and isotopes (GSE SPS1a) (Clarification Statement...

# Atomic Structure & Periodic Table ## AKS 1a & AKS 1b - Learning Target: I can develop and use models to draw neutral atoms and their subatomic particles. ## AKS: - 1a. develop and use models to compare and contrast the structure of atoms, ions, and isotopes (GSE SPS1a) (Clarification Statement: Properties should be limited to atomic number, atomic mass, and the location and charge of electrons, protons, and neutrons.) - 1b. use proton/atomic number to identify elements - Learning Target: I can develop and use models to draw neutral atoms and their subatomic particles. - Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. - All matter is made of atoms. - Atoms are the building blocks of matter, sort of how bricks are the building blocks of houses. - Building blocks of matter. - Make up everything around you. - Individual atoms are too small to be seen. - 1 penny is made up of 2 x 10^22 atoms. - 20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms ## The ATOM - A proton particle carries a positive charge. - A neutron particle carries no charge. - An electron particle carries a negative charge. - An atom consists of protons, neutrons, and electrons. - The number of protons determines the element. ## Atom: smallest unit of matter ### Structure of Atom - A diagram of a carbon atom with a nucleus containing 6 protons and 6 neutrons, and electrons in shells around the nucleus. - Neutral atoms have an even number of protons and electrons. ### Structure of the atom - **Protons:** - particles that are positively charged - identify the atom; - have a mass of 1 amu (atomic mass unit) - one of the heavier particles of the atom, - found in the nucleus of the atom - **Neutrons:** - particles that have no charge; - they are neutral, - found in the nucleus of the atom; - have a mass similar to the protons - **Electrons:** - particles that are negatively charged; - have a mass of less than 1 amu; - found in the electron cloud (out) of the atom, - they are in constant motion and are responsible for the atom's reactions ## Information provided in the periodic table: - A diagram of a periodic table element showing atomic number, mass, symbol, and element is shown along with a monkey holding a sign showing A=Z, A=Z+N, P=Z, and E=N - In a NEUTRAL atom only! - Atomic number=Protons - Mass minus atomic number=Neutrons - Protons=Electrons ## Practice time! | Atom | Atomic number | Mass number | #protons | #electrons | #neutrons | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | **Sc**| 21| 44.96| 21 |21| 23| | **I** | 53| 126.90 | 53 | 53 | 73 | ## Exit Ticket: How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in the image? - A diagram of an atom with 3 protons, 3 electrons, and 4 neutrons is shown. - #protons: 3 - #electrons: 3 - #neutons: 4 - Which two subatomic particles are equal in number? **protons and electrons** ## Explore: Notice and Wonder - A diagram of a Bohr model of an atom of Boron with 5 protons, 5 neutrons, and 5 electrons in shells around the nucleus is shown. - Next to the diagram is the periodic table element symbol "B" with Atomic number "5" and mass number "10.81". ## Review - A diagram of a chalkboard element with Atomic number "5", symbol "B" and mass number "10.81" is shown. - Atomic Number-number of electrons, number of protons - Symbol and Name - Atomic Mass-In AMU (atomic mass units) - A diagram of a monkey holding a sign showing A=Z, A=Z+N, P=Z, and E=N is shown - A diagram of an element on the periodic table "C" with Atomic number "6" and mass number "12.001" is shown. ## How do we find numbers of subatomic particles from the periodic table? (neutral atom only) - Proton number = atomic number. - Electron number = atomic number. - Neutron number = atomic mass - atomic number. ## Rules for arranging electrons: - Bohr atomic model of a nitrogen atom is shown. - 1st energy level can hold up to 2 electrons - 2nd energy level can hold up to 8 electrons - 3rd energy level can hold up to 18 electrons ## Draw an image of an atom with two electrons, two protons, and two neutrons, similar to the one below. This one should only have one "shell" (circle) for the electrons. - A diagram of an atom with 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons is shown. - A blank space is provided for the student to draw their atom. ## In your notebooks, - CHECKING FOR UNDERSTANDING - Sketch an atom with 5 protons, 6 neutrons. How many electrons should you draw? - Sketch an atom with 3 electrons and 4 neutrons. How many electrons should you draw? - Sketch an atom with 10 protons and 10 neutrons. How many electrons should you draw? ## Ions ## AKS 1a and AKS 1b ## Atomic Structure ## AKS: - 1a. develop and use models to compare and contrast the structure of atoms, ions, and isotopes (GSE SPS1a) (Clarification Statement: Properties should be limited to atomic number, atomic mass, and the location and charge of electrons, protons, and neutrons.) - 1b. use proton/atomic number to identify elements - **Learning Target:** I can develop and use models to compare and contrast the structure of atoms, and ions. ## Engage: In math, if you have 4 positives and 3 negatives, what would the leftover charge be? What about if you have 3 negatives and 2 positives? - Four empty squares arranged in a vertical line are shown with a plus symbol in the top two squares and a minus symbol in the bottom two squares. - Next to that is four empty squares in a vertical line with a plus symbol in the top squares and a minus symbol in the bottom squares. ## Explore: Build an Atom Phet - 1. Experiment. Create a lithium atom with a charge of -1. - 2. Experiment. Create a lithium atom with a charge of +1. - Create each of the atoms below. Identify how many electrons will be needed, then draw the image as it appears. | Charge | Subatomic particle | Drawing | |---|---|---| | 2 | Protons: 4 Neutrons: 5 | | | -1 | Protons: 9 Neutrons: 10 | | | +3 | Protons: 5 Neutrons: 6 | | ## Explain ## Difference Between an Atom and an Ion - Atom - Electrically neutral - Same number of protons and electrons - Number of protons defines its element - Ion - Electrically charged - Different number of protons and electrons - May contain one or more atoms - A diagram of a neutral atom and ion is shown. ## Explain: Ions | Diagram | Description | |---|---| | Neutral Atom | This Atom is Neutral, Same number of protons and electrons, 4 protons, 4 electrons | | Positively Charged Atom | This Atom is Positively Charged, More protons than electrons, 4 protons, 3 electrons | | Negatively Charged Atom | This Atom is Negatively Charged, More electrons than protons, 4 protons, 5 electrons | ## Explain: How to write ions | Positive ions- cations | Negative ions- anions | |---|---| | Ca +2 Lost 2 electrons | CI-1 Gained 1 electron | | Ba +2 Lost 2 electrons | O-2 Gained 2 electrons | | K +1 Lost 1 electron | S-2 Gained 2 electrons | ## Elaborate: Draw on your notebook - Li+1 - O-2 - Be+2 - Br-1 - F-1 - H+1 ## Evaluate - Determine the charges on the following using the diagram above as a guide: 1. An atom having lost two electrons 2. An atom having lost six electrons 3. An atom having gained one electron 4. An atom having gained three electrons 5. An atom having lost five electrons 6. An atom having gained two electrons 7. An atom having lost one electron 8. An atom having gained four electrons ## For each of the positive ions listed in column 1, use the periodic table to find in column 2 the total _number of electrons_ that ion contains. The same answer may be used more than once. | Positive ions- cations | Total # of Electrons | |---|---| | Al+3 | 10 | | Fe+3 | 23 | | Mg+2 | 10 | | Sn+2 | 48 | | Co+2 | 25 | | Co+3 | 24 | | Li+ | 2 | | Rb+1 | 36 | | Pt+2 | 76 | | Cr+3 | 21 | ## Atomic Structure ## AKS: - 1a. develop and use models to compare and contrast the structure of atoms, ions, and isotopes (GSE SPS1a) (Clarification Statement: Properties should be limited to atomic number, atomic mass, and the location and charge of electrons, protons, and neutrons.) - 1b. use proton/atomic number to identify elements - **Learning Target:** I can develop and use models to compare and contrast the structure of atoms, ions, and isotopes. ## Compare & Contrast: How those isotopes of Lithium are similar? How are they different? - **Isotopes:** - **6Li**: 3 protons, 3 neutrons - **7Li**: 3 protons, 4 neutrons - **8Li**: 3 protons, 5 neutrons - In your own words, How can you define "isotopes"? - As you can see, Lithium has different isotopes, each with the same number of protons, but different mass numbers because of the different number of neutrons. ## Two ways to write isotopes - Isotopic/Nuclear Notation - Nuclear symbol: - Mass # 12 - Atomic # 6 - Hyphen Notation - Hyphen notation: Write the element name and the mass number - Hydrogen - 1 ## Elaborate: Draw the following isotopes. Write their hyphen notation. - 6Li - 2H - 7Li - 3H ## Evaluate: Let's practice! 1. Here are three isotopes of an element: - 12C - 13C - 14C *a. The element is: Carbon* *b. The number 6 refers to the atomic number* *c. The numbers 12, 13, and 14 refer to the mass number* *d. How many protons and neutrons are in the first isotope? 6 protons and 6 neutrons* *e. How many protons and neutrons are in the second isotope? 6 protons and 7 neutrons* *f. How many protons and neutrons are in the third isotope? 6 protons and 8 neutrons* 2. Complete the following charts: #### Chart Number 1 | Hyphen Notation | atomic # | mass # | # of protons | # of neutrons | # of electrons | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | uranium-23 | 92 | 238 | 92 | 146 | 92 | | uranium-235 | 92 | 235 | 92| 143| 92 | | boron-10 | 5| 10 | 5 | 5 | 5| | boron-11 | 5| 11 | 5 | 6 | 5 | #### Chart Number 2 | Element Symbol | Atomic Number | # of electrons | Number of Neutrons | Mass number | Nuclear Symbol | Atomic Mass | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | Helium | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4He | 4.003 | | Ti | 22 | 22 | 28 | 50 | 50Ti | 47.88| | Ga | 31 | 31 | 39 | 70 | 70Ga | 69.72 | | | 73 | 73 | 108 | 86 | 181Ta | 180.95 | | | 83 | 83 | 127 | 210 | 210Po | 209 | | | | | | | 13C | 13.003 | | | | | | | 226Ra | 226.03 |