Assessment and Care of Newborns and Infants PDF

Assessment and Care of Newborns and Infants Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gnadwy Dry cracked, wrinkled skin; Potential for meconium staining; Long, Signs of a post term newborn thin extremities, long nails; Wide eyed, ale...

Assessment and Care of Newborns and Infants Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gnadwy Dry cracked, wrinkled skin; Potential for meconium staining; Long, Signs of a post term newborn thin extremities, long nails; Wide eyed, alert expression; Abundant hair on scalp; Limited vernix and lanugo. Infections/Inflammation; Maternal or fetal distress; Bleeding; Etiologies which can lead to preterm birth Stretching. Scrawny appearance; Poor muscle tone; Minimal subcutaneous Common problems of Preterm Newborns fat; Plentiful lanugo; Poorly formed ear pinna; Absent or few creas- es on soles/palms; Translucent skin; Abundant vernix. Staining of amniotic fluid, nails, skin or umbilical cord; Bar- rel-shaped chest; Prolonged tachypnea; Increasing respira- Characteristics of a Preterm infant assessment tory distress; Intercostal retractions; End-expiratory grunting; Cyanosis; Chest xray: infiltrates. Neonatal asphyxia Failure to establish adequate, sustained respirations after birth. Expiratory grunting; Nasal flaring; Chest wall retractions; Tachyp- Respiratory Distress Syndrome nea; Generalized cyanosis; Tachycardia; Fine inspiratory crackles. Hypothermia; Respiratory Distress; Lethargy; Elevated C-Reac- Neonatal infections tive Protein; Left shift. Wakeful; Irritability; Temperature variations; Tachycardia; Tremors; Signs of Newborn withdrawal Hyperactivity; Diarrhea; Respiratory Distress; Apneic attacks; Weight loss; Alkalosis; Lacrimation. Signs of fetal alcohol syndrome Low nasal bridge; Epicanthal folds; Flat upper lip. Blood test completed after birth if mom is RH - or Type O blood COOMBS test type. This test for incompatibilities with baby. Infant drug screen A lab test in which urine, meconium and hair can be sampled. Restless, maybe crying, pale/mottled, cool extremities, Temp be- Hypothermia low 97.7, Tachypnea, Possible RDS or transient distress. Lethargic, sleepiness, poor feeder, hypothermic with temp Hypoglycemia of the newborn instability, apnea, irregular respirations, jitteriness, tremors, high-pitched cry, exaggerated moro reflex. Yellowing of the Skin and Sclera before 24 hours of life. Elevated Hyperbilirubinemia for pathological jaundice bilirubin. Small for Gestational Age Infant Plotted on growth chart below the 10th percentile. Symmetric- prolonged restriction of growth in size of organs, body weight, body length and especially head circumference; Asym- Intrauterine Growth Restriction or IUGR metric- head circumference larger than abdomen. Birth weight below the 10th percentile whereas head &/or length, may plot between 10th and 90th percentiles. Are at or above 90th percentile or over 400 grams. Risk factors Large for Gestational Age Infant that can attribute to this are male, diabetic mother, multipara, congenital defects or syndromes. The process of maintaining an optimal body temperature in new- Thermoregulation borns, relying on mechanisms such as convection, radiation, evaporation, or conduction. A condition characterized by excessive growth due to high levels Infant of a Diabetic Mother of maternal glucose production, leading to increased insulin pro- duction in the fetus and potential hypoglycemia in the newborn. A collection of fluid, edematous swelling of the scalp usually from Caput long & difficult labor or vacuum extraction, which crosses suture lines and is present at birth. A condition commonly seen in infants of mothers who smoke Small for Gestational Age or have high blood pressure, resulting in increased incidence of perinatal asphyxia and perinatal mortality. Treatment for Hyperbilirubinemia or Jaundice Frequent feedings and phototherapy. Hypoglycemia of the Newborn 1/2  Assessment and Care of Newborns and Infants Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gnadwy A condition where the infant may need IV glucose or dextrose gel if unable to stabilize glucose levels by feeding. IV fluid may be a possibility due to size and possible respiratory Potential Treatments for Preterm Newborn support such as oxygen. Caput vs Cephalohematoma A determination of whether a swelling crosses suture lines. Assess for signs and symptoms of macrosomia; monitor blood glucose levels; monitor vital signs; initiate early feedings; maintain Assessments for an Infant of Diabetic Mother a thermal neutral environment; monitor for signs and symptoms of respiratory distress. Monitor vital signs and for signs of respiratory distress; complete a gestational age assessment; screen for hypoglycemia and poly- Assessments for Large for Gestational Age Infant cythemia; observe for signs and symptoms of birth trauma; prevent cold stress. CBC, Serum Glucose, BMP, Chest X-ray, Plot weight, length, FOC Labs for Large or Small for Gestational Age Infant on growth chart. Coombs Test, Serum bilirubin levels, hemoglobin, reticulocyte Labs for Hyperbilirubinemia for Pathological Jaundice count. Transcutaneous Bilirubin Test for Hyperbilirubinemia Age & hour specific bilirubin measurement with bilirubinometer. Serum glucose, Serum bilirubin, BMP, CBC, Gestational Age As- Common Assessments for an Infant of Diabetic Mother sessment. Frequent feeding is important because bilirubin is eliminated in the Treatment for Hyperbilirubinemia for Physiological Jaundice feces; if under phototherapy, limit time not under lights and protect eyes. Abundant in IgA, does not have adequate Vitamin D, contains Breast Milk protein, fat, and carbs, and should not be microwaved. Gaining weight, appears satisfied, has 6 or more wet diapers, and Adequately Breastfed Baby 3 or more bowel movements. Temp >101 or