ASME B89.1.14-2018 Calipers PDF

ASME B89.1.14-2018 Calipers A N A M E R I C A N N AT I O N A L STA N DA R D  ASME B89.1.14-2018 Calipers AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD  Date of Issuance: May 31, 2018 This Standard will be revised when the Society ap...

ASME B89.1.14-2018 Calipers A N A M E R I C A N N AT I O N A L STA N DA R D  ASME B89.1.14-2018 Calipers AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD  Date of Issuance: May 31, 2018 This Standard will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition. ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of this Standard. Interpretations are published on the Committee web page and under http://go.asme.org/InterpsDatabase. Periodically certain actions of the ASME B89 Committee may be published as Cases. Cases are published on the ASME website under the B89 Committee Page at http:// go.asme.org/B89committee as they are issued. Errata to codes and standards may be posted on the ASME website under the Committee Pages to provide corrections to incorrectly published items, or to correct typographical or grammatical errors in codes and standards. Such errata shall be used on the date posted. 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The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990 Copyright © 2018 by THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A.  CONTENTS Foreword........................................................................ iv Committee Roster.................................................................. v Correspondence With the B89 Committee................................................. vi 1 Scope.................................................................. 1 2 Definitions.............................................................. 1 3 References.............................................................. 1 4 Caliper Design........................................................... 1 5 Maximum Permissible Errors............................................... 1 Nonmandatory Appendices A Good Operating Procedures.................................................. 7 B Environmental Considerations................................................ 9 C Measurement Uncertainty.................................................... 10 Figures 5.10.4-1 Testing Partial Surface Contact Error — Example Test Points on Two Calipers Showing Different Lengths and Different Distances From the Beam................................. 5 5.10.6-1 Testing Line Contact Error................................................... 5 5.10.7-1 Testing Scale Shift Error — Inside Measurement................................... 6 5.10.7-2 Testing Scale Shift Error — Depth Measurement................................... 6 5.10.7-3 Testing Scale Shift Error — Step Measurement.................................... 6 5.10.8-1 Effect of Crossed Knife-Edge Internal Measuring Faces............................... 6 5.10.8-2 Testing Scale Shift Error — Internal Measurement With Crossed Knife-Edge............... 6 Tables 5.8-1 Maximum Permissible Errors of Calipers With Measuring Range Up to 1 000 mm (40 in.)..... 3 5.10.4-1 Number of Test Points for EMPE............................................... 4 C-4.1-1 Uncertainty Budget for Performance Verification of the Partial Surface Contact Error for a 0-mm to 150-mm Digital Caliper............................................ 12 iii  FOREWORD ASME B89 Standards Committee on Dimensional Metrology, under procedures approved by the American National Standards Institute, has the responsibility of preparing standards that encompass the inspection and the means of measuring characteristics of various geometrical parameters such as diameter, length, flatness, parallelism, concentricity, taper, and squareness. Since calipers are widely used for the measurement and comparison of some of these features, the B89 Consensus Committee authorized formation of Project Team B89.1.14 to prepare this Standard. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) also develops standards in dimensional metrology. ISO stan- dards are applicable in the United States but may not address all the needs of American industry, such as the use of both the U.S. Customary and SI systems. This Standard has been developed to be consistent with ISO 13385-1:2011, which addresses the design and metrological characteristics of calipers. This Standard has also been developed to complement ISO 13385-1:2011 by providing additional information useful in the specification, verification, and calibration of calipers. This Standard is not intended to contradict ISO 13385-1:2011 but does include additional technical information and requirements that exceed ISO 13385-1:2011. This Standard adopted some material from the obsolete Federal Specification GGG-C-111C, published by General Services Administration (GSA), as well as manufacturer’s current practices and technologies. In addition, this Standard includes many of the uncertainty and traceability concepts developed and standardized by the ASME B89.7 Subcommittee. This Standard was approved by the American National Standards Institute on February 27, 2018. iv  ASME B89 COMMITTEE Dimensional Metrology (The following is the roster of the committee at the time of approval of this Standard.) STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERS T. C. Charlton, Jr., Chair S. D. Phillips, Vice Chair R. Richmond, Secretary STANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNEL T. C. Charlton, Jr., Charlton Associates J. G. Salsbury, Mitutoyo America Corp. B. Crowe, CDI Engineering Solutions D. Sawyer, National Institute of Standards and Technology J. D. Drescher, UTC — Pratt & Whitney J. R. Schmidt, Optical Gaging Products, Inc. M. L. Fink, The Boeing Co. C. Shakarji, National Institute of Standards and Technology G. A. Hetland, International Institute of Geometric Dimensioning and R. L. Thompson, U.S. Air Force Tolerancing E. R. Yaris, Lowell, Inc. M. Liebers, Professional Instruments Co. K. L. Skinner, Alternate, Air Force Metrology and Calibration R. L. Long, ANSI-ASQ National Accreditation Board D. E. Beutel, Honorary Member, Caterpillar, Inc. E. Morse, UNC Charlotte T. E. Carpenter, Honorary Member, U.S. Air Force B. Parry, Consultant D. J. Christy, Honorary Member, Mahr Federal, Inc. P. Pereira, Caterpillar, Inc. R. J. Hocken, Honorary Member, Center for Precision Metrology S. D. Phillips, National Institute of Standards and Technology M. P. Krystek, Honorary Member, Physikalisch-Technische B. S. Pippenger, Rolls-Royce Bundesanstalt R. Richmond, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers B. R. Taylor, Honorary Member, Renishaw PLC SUBCOMMITTEE 1 — LENGTH J. G. Salsbury, Chair, Mitutoyo America Corp. R. L. Long, ANSI-ASQ National Accreditation Board D. Sawyer, Vice Chair, National Institute of Standards and Technology E. Morse, UNC Charlotte D. J. Carlson, The L. S. Starrett Co. B. Parry, Consultant B. Crowe, CDI Engineering Solutions P. Pereira, Caterpillar, Inc. D. Everett, National Institute of Standards and Technology C. Shakarji, National Institute of Standards and Technology M. L. Fink, The Boeing Co. K. L. Skinner, Air Force Metrology and Calibration D. T. Harris, Glastonbury Southern Gage E. S. Stanfield, National Institute of Standards and Technology K. Kokal, Micro Laboratories, Inc. R. L. Thompson, U.S. Air Force A. Kumar, Mitutoyo America Corp. B. T. Miller, Alternate, The Boeing Co. W. D. Lehmus, Consultant WORKING GROUP B89.1.14 — CALIPERS K. L. Skinner, Chair, Air Force Metrology and Calibration B. Parry, Consultant B. Crowe, CDI Engineering Solutions J. G. Salsbury, Mitutoyo America Corp. J. C. Davies, Honeywell Federal Manufacturing and Technologies D. Sawyer, National Institute of Standards and Technology A. Kumar, Mitutoyo America Corp. C. Shakarji, National Institute of Standards and Technology W. C. Lehmus, Consultant H. Tran, Sandia National Laboratories R. L. Long, ANSI-ASQ National Accreditation Board v  CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE B89 COMMITTEE General. ASME Standards are developed and maintained with the intent to represent the consensus of concerned interests. As such, users of this Standard may interact with the Committee by requesting interpretations, proposing revisions or a case, and attending Committee meetings. Correspondence should be addressed to: Secretary, B89 Standards Committee The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Two Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5990 http://go.asme.org/Inquiry Proposing Revisions. Revisions are made periodically to the Standard to incorporate changes that appear necessary or desirable, as demonstrated by the experience gained from the application of the Standard. Approved revisions will be published periodically. The Committee welcomes proposals for revisions to this Standard. Such proposals should be as specific as possible, citing the paragraph number(s), the proposed wording, and a detailed description of the reasons for the proposal, including any pertinent documentation. Proposing a Case. Cases may be issued to provide alternative rules when justified, to permit early implementation of an approved revision when the need is urgent, or to provide rules not covered by existing provisions. Cases are effective immediately upon ASME approval and shall be posted on the ASME Committee web page. Requests for Cases shall provide a Statement of Need and Background Information. The request should identify the Standard and the paragraph, figure, or table number(s), and be written as a Question and Reply in the same format as existing Cases. Requests for Cases should also indicate the applicable edition(s) of the Standard to which the proposed Case applies. Interpretations. Upon request, the B89 Standards Committee will render an interpretation of any requirement of the Standard. Interpretations can only be rendered in response to a written request sent to the Secretary of the B89 Standards Committee. Requests for interpretation should preferably be submitted through the online Interpretation Submittal Form. The form is accessible at http://go.asme.org/InterpretationRequest. Upon submittal of the form, the Inquirer will receive an automatic e-mail confirming receipt. If the Inquirer is unable to use the online form, he/she may mail the request to the Secretary of the B89 Standards Committee at the above address. The request for an interpretation should be clear and unambiguous. It is further rec- ommended that the Inquirer submit his/her request in the following format: Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s) and the topic of the inquiry in one or two words. Edition: Cite the applicable edition of the Standard for which the interpretation is being requested. Question: Phrase the question as a request for an interpretation of a specific requirement suitable for general understanding and use, not as a request for an approval of a proprietary design or situation. Please provide a condensed and precise question, composed in such a way that a “yes” or “no” reply is acceptable. Proposed Reply(ies): Provide a proposed reply(ies) in the form of “Yes” or “No,” with explanation as needed. If entering replies to more than one question, please number the questions and replies. Background Information: Provide the Committee with any background information that will assist the Committee in understanding the inquiry. The Inquirer may also include any plans or drawings that are necessary to explain the question; however, they should not contain proprietary names or information. vi  Requests that are not in the format described above may be rewritten in the appropriate format by the Committee prior to being answered, which may inadvertently change the intent of the original request. Moreover, ASME does not act as a consultant for specific engineering problems or for the general application or understanding of the Standard requirements. If, based on the inquiry information submitted, it is the opinion of the Committee that the Inquirer should seek assistance, the inquiry will be returned with the recommendation that such assistance be obtained. ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of any interpretation when or if additional information that might affect an interpretation is available. Further, persons aggrieved by an interpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. ASME does not “approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity. Attending Committee Meetings. The B89 Standards Committee regularly holds meetings and/or telephone confer- ences that are open to the public. Persons wishing to attend any meeting and/or telephone conference should contact the Secretary of the B89 Standards Committee. Future Committee meeting dates and locations can be found on the Committee Page at http://go.asme.org/B89committee. vii INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK viii  ASME B89.1.14-2018 CALIPERS 1 SCOPE Publisher: International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Central Secretariat, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, Case This Standard provides the essential requirements for Postale 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland the specification, verification, and calibration of calipers, (www.iso.org) including vernier, dial, electronic digital, and specialty calipers. ISO 13385-1 provides for the international defi- JCGM 100:2008, Evaluation of measurement data — Guide nition of the design and metrological characteristics of to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM) calipers important in the specification, manufacture, JCGM 200:2008, International vocabulary of metrology — and purchase of calipers; however, ISO 13385-1 does Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM, not provide specification values, detailed test methods, third edition) or sufficient discussion of traceability and measurement Publisher: Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology, uncertainty to ensure consistent practice in the calibration Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), of calipers. This Standard is intended to complement, not Pavillon de Breteuil, F-92312 Sèvres Cedex, France contradict, ISO 13385-1. For the verification or calibration (www.bipm.org) of calipers, this Standard provides sufficient detail such that the user does not require access to ISO 13385-1. 4 CALIPER DESIGN 2 DEFINITIONS 4.1 General The definitions in ASME B89.7.1, ISO 13385-1:2011, and JCGM 200 apply in the use of this Standard. As defined in ISO 13385-1, calipers shall incorporate the use of a movable slider with a measuring jaw that moves along a frame or beam with a stationary jaw to provide 3 REFERENCES outside, inside, and when designed, step and/or depth ASME B89.6.2-1973 (R2003), Temperature and Humidity measurements. The general design and workmanship Environment for Dimensional Measurement of calipers shall be such to ensure compliance with the ASME B89.7.1-2016, Guidelines for Addressing requirements of this Standard and ISO 13385-1 across Measurement Uncertainty in the Development and the measuring range of the caliper and in any orientation, Application of ASME B89 Standards (Technical Report) unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer. ASME B89.7.3.1-2001, Guidelines for Decision Rules: Considering Measurement Uncertainty in 4.2 Least Count Determining Conformance to Specifications (a) Vernier calipers using SI units shall provide read- ASME B89.7.3.2-2007, Guidelines for the Evaluation of ings to a least count of 0.05 mm or 0.02 mm. Dial calipers Dimensional Measurement Uncertainty using SI units shall provide readings to a least count of 0.05 ASME B89.7.5-2006, Metrological Traceability of mm, 0.02 mm, or 0.01 mm. Electronic digital calipers using Dimensional Measurements to the SI Unit of Length SI units shall provide readings to a least count of 0.01 mm. Publisher: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (b) Vernier or dial calipers using U.S. Customary units (ASME), Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990 shall provide readings to a least count of 0.001 in. (www.asme.org) Electronic digital calipers using U.S. Customary units shall provide readings to a least count of 0.001 in. or ISO 1:2016, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — 0.0005 in. Standard reference temperature for the specification of geometrical and dimensional properties ISO 13385-1:2011, Geometrical product specifications 5 MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE ERRORS (GPS) — Dimensional measuring equipment — Part 1: Callipers; Design and metrological characteristics 5.1 General ISO 14253-5:2015, Geometrical product specifications The maximum permissible errors (MPE) are specified (GPS) — Inspection by measurement of workpieces limit values for errors that apply to all measurements and measuring equipment — Part 5: Uncertainty in veri- permitted for use of the caliper as defined by the manu- fication testing of indicating measuring instruments facturer and following proper operation and zero setting with the outside measuring faces. For general guidance on good operating procedures involving calipers, see Nonmandatory Appendices A and B. 1  ASME B89.1.14-2018 5.2 Operator 5.7 Traceability Calipers are manually operated indicating measuring All the length standards, e.g., gage blocks, used in deter- instruments and as such the measurement results are mining the conformance of a caliper to specifications must dependent on the skill of the operator. All specifications have metrological traceability per ASME B89.7.5. apply when a reasonably skilled operator uses the caliper in a manner consistent with normal operation of the 5.8 Specifications caliper and in accordance with the manufacturer’s Table 5.8-1 lists default MPE values for calipers with a recommendations. measuring range up to 1 000 mm (40 in.). The MPE values in Table 5.8-1 apply when no specifications are otherwise 5.3 Zero Setting stated. The caliper manufacturer shall state the MPE Most calipers are equipped with the ability to adjust the values for larger calipers. The caliper manufacturer zero point. For calipers with adjustable zero points, the may also specify different MPE values than shown in metrological characteristics described in this Standard this Standard. MPE values stated by the caliper manufac- (see para. 5.10) apply when the outside measuring turer shall conform to the terms, definitions, and symbols faces are properly brought into contact with each in this Standard. other for zero setting. For calipers without an adjustable Table 5.8-1 includes specifications in both U.S. zero, e.g., some vernier calipers, there may be a nonzero Customary and SI units. Due to the analog scale interval error when the outside measuring faces are brought or digital resolution of a caliper, the conversion between together. This error shall be included in the evaluation units is not exact. Test values and MPE values shall not be of the metrological characteristics without correction. mathematically converted between units when deter- mining conformance to a specification. 5.4 Indication 5.9 Specialty Calipers The specified MPE values apply to any and all unique measurement indications made under reasonable use of A large variety of specialty calipers are commercially the caliper. Averaging of several test values or other data available for measuring items such as tubing, threads, treatment is not permitted when determining confor- specialized measuring face configurations for use in mance to specifications. restricted areas, large diameter measuring faces, spherical shaped measuring faces, and conical measuring faces that 5.5 Temperature allow contact with surfaces that may not be flat or parallel. All specifications apply at a rated operating condition of Specifications for specialty calipers shall be stated by the 20°C (68°F) unless otherwise specified. The effective manufacturer and conform to the terms, definitions, and nominal coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of a symbols employed in this Standard and ISO 13385-1. caliper in the temperature range 10°C to 30°C shall be 5.10 Metrological Characteristics (11.5 ± 1.0) × 10 − 6 /°C. If not, then the effective nominal CTE with its uncertainty shall be supplied by 5.10.1 General. ISO 13385-1 describes the important the manufacturer. metrological characteristics for calipers. This Standard Caliper specifications have a rated operating condition recognizes the following metrological characteristics as of 20°C (68°F); therefore, the test values observed in a defined in ISO 13385-1: verification test shall be corrected to 20°C (68°F) to (a) partial surface contact error, E obtain the error of indication that the caliper would (b) repeatability of partial surface contact error, R have produced had the test been performed at 20°C (c) line contact error, L (68°F). If temperature correction to 20°C (68°F) is not (d) scale shift error, S performed, this Standard allows the consequences to (e) error due to crossed knife-edge distance, K be included in the evaluation of the measurement uncer- Further description and default test methods for these tainty (see Nonmandatory Appendix C). metrological characteristics are in paras. 5.10.4 through 5.10.8. These test methods provide sufficient testing to 5.6 Measurement Uncertainty and Decision Rules demonstrate conformance to specification and do not Unless otherwise stated, the default decision rule when change the requirements. As such, the test measurands determining the conformance of a caliper to specifications are a finite set of possible errors of indication, and the is simple 4:1 acceptance in accordance with ASME value of each measurand is estimated by a single test value. B89.7.3.1. The measurement uncertainty shall be evalu- 5.10.2 MPE Specifications. Manufacturers of calipers ated in accordance with JCGM 100 (GUM) and ISO 14253- shall state MPE values for the metrological characteristics 5. An example of determining conformance to specifica- in para. 5.10.1, and calipers shall conform to the stated tion is shown in Nonmandatory Appendix C, para. C-4.6. 2  ASME B89.1.14-2018 Table 5.8-1 Maximum Permissible Errors of Calipers With Measuring Range Up to 1 000 mm (40 in.) Analog Scale Interval or Electronic Digital Resolution Measured Length, L 0.0005 in. 0.001 in. 0.01 mm 0.02 mm 0.05 mm EMPE, SMPE, EMPE, SMPE, EMPE, SMPE, EMPE, SMPE, EMPE, SMPE, mm in. in. in. in. in. mm mm mm mm mm mm 0 ≤ L ≤ 50 0≤L≤2 ±0.0010 ±0.0010 ±0.001 ±0.001 ±0.02 ±0.03 ±0.02 ±0.04 ±0.05 ±0.05 50 < L ≤ 100 2