Asepsis - PDF

ASEPSIS  LEARNING OUTCOME By end of this topic, student will be able to: 1. Define of asepsis 2. Describe of medical terminology for asepsis 3. Define medical asepsis 4. Discuss method of microorganism spread 5. Explain essential component of maintaining medical asepsis 6. Define surgical a...

ASEPSIS  LEARNING OUTCOME By end of this topic, student will be able to: 1. Define of asepsis 2. Describe of medical terminology for asepsis 3. Define medical asepsis 4. Discuss method of microorganism spread 5. Explain essential component of maintaining medical asepsis 6. Define surgical asepsis 7.Describe principle of surgical asepsis 8.Explain 5 moment of hand hygiene 9.Describe standard infection control in healthcare setting 10.Discuss standard precaution and PPE 11.Perform surgical asepsis hand washing, gloving and gowning of surgical asepsis efficiently  INTRODUCTION ► Asepsis is the state of being free from disease-causing micro-organisms (such as pathogenic bacteria, viruses, pathogenic fungi, and parasites). ► The term asepsis often refers to those practices used to promote or induce asepsis in an operative field in surgery or medicine to prevent infection.  TERMINOLOGY 1. Acquired immunity Host receives natural or artificial antibodies produced by other source 2. Antibodies/immunoglobulin Defend against infection 3. Antigen Substance that induces a state of sensitivity or immune responsive 4. Antiseptic 5. Cross infection Infection transmitted between individual infected with different pathogenic organism 6. Carrier A person who harbours pathogenic organism of disease in his body without showing sign and symptom of a disease 7. Droplet infection Infection of the individual by particle of saliva or mucous that are expelled 8. Soiled/contaminated Contain microorganism that contain microorganism which may be capable of producing disease 9. Sepsis State of infection 10.Nosocomial infection Infection develop during a client’s stay in the facilities or manifest right after discharge 11.Isolation Separation of infected persons from the non infected person for the period of communicability under condition with can prevent infection to other 12.Sterilization Destruction of microorganism pathogenic and non pathogenic including their spores MEDICAL ASEPSIS  MEDICAL ASEPSIS Based on maintaining cleanliness to prevent the spread of infectious disease and to ensure the environment free from organism as possible Microorganism are located everywhere ► in the air ► in the water ► in food ► in clothes SPREAD OF MICRORGANISM TOUCHING SNEEZING AND TOUCHING LINE SOMEONE WHO COUGHING AND BELONGING HAS INFECTION HANDLING AND CONSUMING CONTAMINATED FOOD WATER OR MEDICATION  ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF MAINTAINING MEDICAL ASEPSIS 1. Hand washing 2. Utilizing gloves, gown and mask as indicated 3. Cleaning and disinfectant of equipment 4. Handling linens in the ways that can prevent germs that spreading 5. Hand wash when your hand visible contaminated SURGICAL ASEPSIS CALLED AS STERILE TECHNIQUE Used in operation theatre, labour room, delivery room, during sterile procedure, catheterization and dressing changes  PRINSIPLE OF SURGICAL ASEPSIS ► Only sterile object can touch sterile object ► Open sterile packages so that the first edge of the wrapper is directed away from the worker to avoid the possibility of sterile wrapping touching unsterile clothes. ► Avoid spilling any solution on a cloth or paper used as a field to set up ► Hold sterile objects above waist level ► Avoid talking, sneezing, coughing over sterile object ► Never walk away or turn back from the sterile field ► Consider object is contaminated if you has any doubt of sterility ► Prevent excessive air currents around the sterile areas (fan) ► Hold the transfer forceps pointing downwards 5 MOMENT OF HAND HYGIENGE ► My 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene Before touching a patient, Before clean/aseptic procedures, After body fluid exposure/risk, After touching a patient, and. After touching patient surroundings.  STANDARD PRECAUTION ► Standard precautions are meant to reduce the risk of transmission of blood borne and other pathogens from both recognized and unrecognized sources. ► Practices carried out by health workers when providing care, all individuals (including patients and visitors) should comply with infection control practices in health-care settings. ► Standard precautions are a set of infection control practices used to prevent transmission of diseases that can be acquired by contact with blood, body fluids, non-intact skin (including rashes), and mucous membranes.  PPE ► Defined as personal protective equipment ► Items such as gloves, gowns, masks, respirators, and eyewear used to create barriers that protect skin, clothing, mucous membranes, and the respiratory tract from infectious agents. ► Remove PPE immediately after use and wash hands. It is important to remove PPE in the proper order to prevent contamination of skin or clothing. ► Wear gloves when touching blood, body fluids, non-intact skin, mucous membranes, and contaminated items. Gloves must always be worn during activities involving vascular access, such as performing phlebotomies ► Wear a surgical mask and goggles or face shield if there is a reasonable chance that a splash or spray of blood or body fluids may occur to the eyes, mouth, or nose. ► Wear a gown if skin or clothing is likely to be exposed to blood or body fluids.  INFECTION CONTROL CONTACT PRECAUTION Used for patients/residents that have an infection that can be spread by contact with the person’s skin, mucous membranes, feces, vomit, urine, wound drainage, or other body fluids, or by contact with equipment or environmental surfaces that may be contaminated by the patient/resident or by his/her secretions and excretions. EXAMPLE : Salmonella, scabies, Shigella, and pressure ulcers In addition to standard precautions: ► Wear a gown and gloves upon room entry of a patient/resident on contact precautions. ► Use disposable single-use or patient/resident-dedicated noncritical care equipment (such as blood pressure cuffs and stethoscopes).  DROPLET PRECAUTION Used for patients/residents that have an infection that can be spread through close respiratory or mucous membrane contact with respiratory secretions. EXAMPLE : influenza, N. meningitidis (one of the causes of meningitis), pertussis (also known as “whooping cough”), and rhinovirus (also known as the “common cold”). In addition to standard precautions: ► Wear a mask upon room entry of a patient/resident on droplet precautions. ► A single patient/resident room is preferred. If not available, spatial separation of more than 3 feet and drawing the curtain between beds is especially important. ► Patients/residents on droplet precautions who must be transported outside of the room should wear a mask if tolerated and follow respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette.  COUGH ETIQUETTE ► Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing; ► Use in the nearest waste receptacle to dispose of the tissue after use; ► Perform hand hygiene (e.g., hand washing with non-antimicrobial soap and water, alcohol-based hand rub, or antiseptic hand wash) after having contact with respiratory secretions and contaminated objects/materials. ► Healthcare facilities should ensure the availability of materials for adhering to Respiratory Hygiene/Cough Etiquette in waiting areas for patients and visitors. ► Provide tissues and no-touch receptacles for used tissue disposal. ► Provide conveniently located dispensers of alcohol-based hand rub; where sinks are available, ensure that supplies for hand washing (i.e., soap, disposable towels) are consistently available.  AIRBORNE PRECAUTION Used for patients/residents that have an infection that can be spread over long distances when suspended in the air. These disease particles are very small and require special respiratory protection and room ventilation. EXAMPLE : chickenpox, measles, In addition to standard precautions: ► Wear a mask or respirator prior to room entry, depending on the disease-specific recommendations. Most diseases will require N95 or higher respiratory protection. ► Place patient/resident in an airborne infection isolation (AII) room – a single-person room that is equipped with special air handing and ventilation capacity. ► If the facility does not have an AII room, place the person in a private room with the door closed until the person is transferred to another facility with an AII room. SIMULATION TIME !!!!!!! HANDWASHING HOW TO PERFORM HAND WASHING 1. Open pipe with elbows. 2. Handles your elbows to your fingertips up to 10 cm above the elbows. 3. Take soap and soap your hands up to 10 cm above the elbows. 4. Add water if necessary and rub hands until foamy. 5. Do 10 times on: The two hands with a finger in the back of the hand and finger gap. The front fingers Finger-tip (interlocked) Thousands of fingers and all fingers The middle of the palms with the fingertips is rounded Under nails Hand held up to 10 cm above the elbow with rounded and steady movements. 6. Rinse hands one by one from the toe to 10cm above the elbows. 7. Cover the pipe with the elbows. 8. Clean your hands one by one with sterile towels from your fingers to your elbows. The palm Behind the arms Healthy hands to elbows Use one hand towel surface Make sure the hands are always high from the waist HANDRUB HANDWASHING PUTTING ON SURGICAL GOWN STERILE GLOVES APPLICATION method Open Closed method