Infection Control Precautions Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following infections requires airborne precautions?

  • Rhinovirus
  • Meningitidis
  • Chickenpox (correct)
  • Pertussis

A single patient room is not preferred for patients on droplet precautions.

False (B)

What should a patient on droplet precautions do if transported outside their room?

Wear a mask if tolerated and follow respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette.

Proper hand hygiene should be performed after contact with __________.

<p>respiratory secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following precautions with their corresponding practices:

<p>Droplet precautions = Wear a mask upon room entry Airborne precautions = Use N95 respirator or higher Hand hygiene = Wash hands after contact with secretions Cough etiquette = Cover mouth and nose with a tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does asepsis refer to?

<p>The state of being free from disease-causing micro-organisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Medical asepsis is aimed at preventing infection during surgery.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the five moments of hand hygiene?

<p>Before patient contact, before aseptic task, after body fluid exposure risk, after patient contact, after contact with patient surroundings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

An individual who transmits an infection between different pathogenic organisms is known as a _____ infection.

<p>cross</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms with their definitions:

<p>Antiseptic = Substance used to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms Carrier = A person who harbors disease-causing organisms without showing symptoms Droplet infection = Infection transmitted through saliva or mucus particles Soiled/contaminated = Contains microorganisms capable of causing disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an essential component of maintaining medical asepsis?

<p>Hand hygiene (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Surgical asepsis is aimed at creating a sterile field in healthcare settings.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define acquired immunity.

<p>Acquired immunity is when the host receives natural or artificial antibodies produced by another source.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a nosocomial infection?

<p>An infection that develops during a client's hospital stay or after discharge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Isolation involves separating infected persons from non-infected persons.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one essential component of maintaining medical asepsis.

<p>Hand washing</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of destroying all microorganisms, including their spores, is called __________.

<p>sterilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the term with its correct definition:

<p>Medical Asepsis = Maintaining cleanliness to prevent infection spread Surgical Asepsis = Technique used in sterile environments Nosocomial Infection = Infection acquired in a healthcare setting Isolation = Separation of infected from non-infected individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene?

<p>Before eating (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sterile objects can touch non-sterile objects without contamination.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technique is referred to as 'sterile technique'?

<p>Surgical Asepsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Microorganisms are located everywhere, including in the __________.

<p>air</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions helps prevent the spread of microorganisms?

<p>Hand washing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of standard precautions in healthcare settings?

<p>To reduce the risk of transmission of blood borne and other pathogens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Wearing gloves is only necessary when handling blood.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What items are included in personal protective equipment (PPE)?

<p>Gloves, gowns, masks, respirators, eyewear</p> Signup and view all the answers

Standard precautions are practices aimed at preventing transmission of diseases through contact with _____, body fluids, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes.

<p>blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions requires contact precautions?

<p>Scabies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

PPE should be removed before washing hands.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be worn if there is a chance of blood or body fluids splashing on the face?

<p>Surgical mask and goggles or face shield</p> Signup and view all the answers

Infection control practices aim to prevent transmission of diseases acquired by contact with a person's skin, mucous membranes, _____, and urine.

<p>feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of precaution with its definition:

<p>Standard Precautions = Practices to reduce risk from both recognized and unrecognized sources. Contact Precautions = Used for infections spread by contact with skin or body fluids. Droplet Precautions = Used for infections spread through respiratory secretions. PPE = Equipment worn to protect against infectious agents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which example illustrates the need for droplet precautions?

<p>Influenza (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Asepsis

A state where there are no disease-causing microorganisms present.

Aseptic Techniques

Practices used to prevent infection, especially during surgery or in medical settings.

Medical Asepsis

Practices that reduce the number of microorganisms on surfaces and objects to a safe level.

Surgical Asepsis

Practices that eliminate all microorganisms, including spores, from surfaces and objects.

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Microorganism Spread

The spreading of microorganisms from one person or object to another.

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Carrier

A person who carries a disease-causing organism in their body but shows no symptoms.

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Cross Infection

Infection that spreads between individuals with different pathogens.

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Droplet Infection

Infection transmitted through particles of saliva or mucus expelled from the body.

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Nosocomial Infection

An infection acquired during hospitalization or shortly after discharge.

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Isolation

Separation of infected individuals from non-infected individuals to prevent the spread of infection.

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Sterilization

The complete destruction of all microorganisms, including their spores.

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Disinfection

The process of killing or removing pathogens from surfaces to reduce the risk of infection.

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Sterile-to-Sterile Technique

Only sterile objects should touch other sterile objects to maintain sterility.

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5 Moments of Hand Hygiene

The practice of handwashing at specific moments to prevent the spread of infection.

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Principles of Surgical Asepsis

Practices used in sterile environments to prevent contamination of surgical instruments, supplies, and the surgical field.

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Droplet Precautions

Precautions used to prevent the spread of infections transmitted through large droplets of respiratory secretions, such as those produced by coughing, sneezing, or talking.

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Standard Precautions

An infection control measure that emphasizes hand hygiene, using personal protective equipment (PPE), and maintaining a clean environment.

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Airborne Precautions

Precautions used for patients/residents with infections that can be spread over long distances when suspended in the air, such as those caused by viruses like measles or chickenpox.

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Airborne Infection Isolation (AII) Room

A single-person room equipped with specialized air handling and ventilation systems to prevent the spread of airborne infections.

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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Personal protective equipment (PPE) includes items like gloves, gowns, masks, respirators, and eyewear that create barriers to protect healthcare workers from infectious agents.

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Gloves

Gloves must always be worn when handling blood, body fluids, non-intact skin, mucous membranes, or contaminated items.

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Surgical Mask and Goggles

A surgical mask and goggles or face shield should be worn when there is a chance of blood or body fluids splashing into the eyes, mouth, or nose.

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Gown

A gown should be worn if skin or clothing is likely to be exposed to blood or body fluids.

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Contact Precautions

A type of infection control used for patients infected with pathogens that can be spread by direct contact with the person's skin, mucous membranes, feces, vomit, urine, wound drainage, or body fluids.

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Examples of Contact Precautions

Examples of infections requiring Contact Precautions include Salmonella, scabies, Shigella, and pressure ulcers.

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Examples of Droplet Precautions

Examples of infections requiring Droplet Precautions include influenza and N.

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Contact Precautions: PPE

When using Contact Precautions, wear a gown and gloves upon entering the room of a patient on these precautions.

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Study Notes

Asepsis

  • Asepsis is the absence of disease-causing microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
  • Asepsis practices prevent infection, frequently used in surgery and medicine.

Learning Outcomes

  • Define asepsis
  • Describe medical terminology related to asepsis
  • Define medical asepsis
  • Explain the methods of microorganism spread
  • Explain components of maintaining medical asepsis
  • Define surgical asepsis
  • Describe the principles of surgical asepsis
  • Explain the five moments for hand hygiene
  • Describe standard infection control in healthcare
  • Discuss standard precautions and personal protective equipment (PPE)
  • Perform surgical asepsis handwashing, gloving, and gowning efficiently

Introduction

  • Asepsis refers to both the state of being free from disease-causing microorganisms and the practices used to achieve that state, especially in surgical fields.
  • Microorganisms are present in the air, water, food, and clothing.

Terminology

  • Acquired immunity: The body's natural or artificially induced defense mechanism against infection through antibodies
  • Antibodies/immunoglobulin: Proteins produced by the body to combat infection
  • Antigen: A substance that triggers an immune response
  • Antiseptic: A substance that inhibits the growth of microorganisms
  • Cross infection: Transmission of an infection between different people
  • Carrier: A person carrying an infection without showing symptoms
  • Droplet infection: Transmission through expelled saliva or mucus particles
  • Soiled/contaminated: Containing microorganisms that might cause disease

Further Concepts

  • Sepsis: A state of infection
  • Nosocomial infection: An infection acquired during a hospital stay
  • Isolation: Separating infected people from healthy individuals to prevent transmission
  • Sterilization: Eliminating all microorganisms, including spores

Medical Asepsis

  • Asepsis in daily medical practice, focusing on cleanliness
  • Includes routines to avoid the spread of infectious diseases.
  • The goal is to keep the environment free of spreadable organisms.
  • Prevents spread of germs by keeping surfaces and equipment clean.

Spread of Microorganisms

  • Touching someone who has an infection
  • Sneezing and coughing, directly and indirectly
  • Handling contaminated food, water or medication.

Essential Components of Maintaining Medical Asepsis

  • Handwashing
  • Using gloves, gowns, and masks (as necessary)
  • Cleaning and disinfecting equipment
  • Handling linens to avoid spreading germs
  • Washing hands when visibly contaminated

Surgical Asepsis

  • The more stringent practice of asepsis, critical for surgery.
  • Sterile technique is used to prevent infections in surgical procedures.
  • Only sterilized instruments can touch other sterilized items
  • Prevents contamination from the surrounding environment.

5 Moments for Hand Hygiene

  • Before touching a patient
  • Before clean/aseptic procedures
  • After body fluid exposure/risk
  • After touching a patient
  • After touching patient surroundings

Standard Precautions

  • Practices to reduce bloodborne and other pathogen transmission
  • Applies to everyone interacting with healthcare settings.
  • Necessary to prevent contamination by blood, body fluids, skin abrasions (rashes), and mucous membranes.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

  • Items (gloves, gowns, masks, respirators, eyewear) to protect individuals from infectious agents.
  • PPE should be removed and hands washed immediately after use.
  • Proper order of removal critical to avoid contamination

Infection Control - Contact Precautions

  • Precautions for patients with infections that spread through contact with bodily fluids, surfaces or secretions.
  • Wear a gown and gloves upon room entry
  • Use single-use or dedicated non-critical care equipment.

Infection Control - Droplet Precautions

  • Precautions for infections spread through respiratory droplets.
  • Wear a mask upon room entry; and maintain space from others for greater safety
  • Use single-patient room or arrange appropriate distancing, if not available.

Cough Etiquette

  • Cover mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing, dispose tissue in appropriate receptacle
  • Perform hand hygiene after contact with respiratory secretions
  • Healthcare facilities should provide tissues and proper receptacles for disposal.
  • Alcohol-based hand rub, or soap and water, are essential

Airborne Precautions

  • Precautions for infections spread through air.
  • Wear a respirator or appropriate mask
  • Isolate patients in Airborne Infection Isolation (AII) rooms
  • Facilities lack AII rooms should use alternative methods

Handwashing

  • Detailed steps for thorough hand hygiene
  • Important to wash hands using correct techniques to maintain asepsis
  • Includes precise rinsing sequence and proper use of supplies such as soap and water

Handrub

  • Use of alcohol-based handrub
  • Steps for effective handrub application

Putting on a Surgical Gown

  • Detailed steps for donning a surgical gown to maintain sterility.

Sterile Gloves Application

  • Steps for correctly putting on sterile gloves

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