Arts10 Technology-Based Art 2nd Quarter PDF

Write T if the statement is True and F if it is incorrect. 1. Victor Vasarely is the Father of Op Art. 2. Carlos Cruz-Diez was an Op Artist who was responsible for the “additive color” technique. 3. In 1965, the exhibit called Paris intrigued the guests with the fusion of science and arts in the wo...

Write T if the statement is True and F if it is incorrect. 1. Victor Vasarely is the Father of Op Art. 2. Carlos Cruz-Diez was an Op Artist who was responsible for the “additive color” technique. 3. In 1965, the exhibit called Paris intrigued the guests with the fusion of science and arts in the works. 4. Op Art uses coherence and symmetry in every work. 5. Rafael Soto was a British Op artist. Technology- Based Art 2nd Quarter by:mos  Objectives: In this lesson, you should be able to: 1. identify distinct characteristics of arts during the 21st century; 2. know more about the production, functionality, and range of audience reach of photography; 3. identify artworks produced by technology from other countries and their adaptation by Philippine artists; 4. determine the role or function of artworks by evaluating their utilization and combination of art elements and principles; 5. use artworks to derive the traditions/history of a community; 6. create artworks that can be assembled locally with local materials, guided by 21st- century techniques; 7. describe the influence of technology in the 21st century on the evolution of various forms of art; and 8. apply different media techniques and processes to communicate ideas, experiences, and stories showing the characteristics of 21st-century art. In a group of 5, write at least 10 statements that you think would best describe Technology-Based Art. Reporting/Presentation of your collated statements will then follow.  Introductio n Technology Technology isis aa branch branch of of knowledge knowledge thatthat deals deals with with processing processing actions, actions, creating creating tools, tools, and and extracting extracting of of materials. materials. Through Through time, time, humanity humanity discovers discovers and and reinvent reinvent itself itself through through different different innovations innovations reflected reflected on on inventions inventions thatthat involve involve applied applied sciences sciences and and types types ofof machinery. machinery. Fig.1​. echnology-basedartindifferentartm ediums:Photography,DigitalDraw ing,VideoGam e,Film. Photosfrompixaba.com  Introductio n Technology Technology is is aa vital vital part part of of the the production production of of art. art. Even Even during during ancient ancient times, times, howhow artists artists express express themselves themselves by by discovering discovering new new ways, ways, methods, methods, techniques, techniques, and and also also experimenting experimenting on on the the materials materials they they use, use, led led to to the the development development of of technologies technologies used used today. today. The The invention invention ofof photography, photography, imagesimages on on computers, computers, video video games, games, and and films films are are great great leaps leaps that that have have Fig.1​. echnology-basedartindifferentartm edium Photosfrom s:Photography,DigitalDraw pixaba.com provided aprovided ing,VideoGme,Film. artists artists new new means means for for human human expression expression as as well well as as the the ability ability to to reflect reflect the the physical physical and and the the imaginative. imaginative.  Photography Nowadays, Nowadays, taking taking aa photo photo isis the the basic basic instinct instinct of of aa person person toto document document aa moment moment in in time. time. People’s People’s fascination fascination with with catching catching aa moment moment and and putting putting itit in in pictures pictures goes goes to to show show how how photography photography is is loved loved by by many, 1 many, professionals professionals or or non-professionals non-professionals alike. 12 alike. But But more more than than its 3 its popularity popularity as as an an art art medium, medium, photography photography is is an an essential essential foundation foundation towards towards thethe invention invention ofof more more technology- technology- based based art. art.  Photography Photography Photography is is said said to to be be the the next next important important invention invention thatthat came came after after the the printing printing press. press. It It is is the the method method of of recording recording thethe image image of of an an object object through 1 through thethe action action of of light, light, or or related related radiation, 12 radiation, on on aa light-sensitive light-sensitive material. 3 material. The The wordword ​p​photography hotography ​i​iss derived derived fromfrom the the Greek Greek words words photos photos ​w ​which hich means means light light and and ​g ​graphein raphein ​w ​which hich means means toto draw. draw. Together, Together, itit means means drawing drawing withwith light. light. Camera Camera Obscura Obscura Photography Photography was was invented invented during during the the 1830s, 1830s, but but even even before before that that time, time, some some people people already already know know the the principles principles ofof how how it it works works through through thethe Camera Camera Obscura. Obscura. Camera Camera Obscura Obscura is is the the natural natural optical optical phenomenon phenomenon that that occurs occurs when when anan image image of of aa scene scene isis projected projected as as aa reversed reversed and and inverted inverted image image through through aa small small hole hole on on aa surface surface opposite opposite to to the the opening opening of of the the enclosed enclosed darken darken space. space. ItIt is is derived derived from from the the Latin Latin language language which which means means dark dark room. room. The The surroundings surroundings of of the the projected projected image image must must bebe very very dark dark forfor the the image image to to be be clear clear that that is is why why many many historical historical Camera Camera Obscura Obscura were were performed performed in in very very dark dark rooms. rooms. Fig. 1. ​A model of camera obscura invented during the 18th century. Camera Obscura was invented between 13​th to 14​th centuries and are used by artists in the early times to do hyper-realistic drawings. However, a manuscript by an Arabian scholar named Hassan​ibn Hassan dated​way back the 10​th century describes the principles of Camera Obscura and which analog camera is also based. Fig. 2. ​People during the 16th century makes the drawing process easier by projecting an image of people outside the camera obscura on their canvas inside a darkened room.  During the middle of the 16​th century, an Italian scholar named ​Giambattista Della Porta wrote an essay about how camera obscura makes the drawing process easier by projecting an image of people outside the camera obscura on his canvas inside a darkened room and then drew over the image by copying it. Only a few Renaissance artists admitted that they used camera obscura since the general public sees it as sorcery or something associated with occultism. Others also refer to it as cheating and a killer of fine art. However, nowadays, camera obscura is known as the ​prototype​​of the modern camera. Fig. 3.​ Usage of a modern day camera obscura used indoors.  The Invention of Camera A French inventor named ​Nicéphore Niépce invented the first photographic process known as ​heliography​, a method where images were obtained by using light to draw a picture. Niépce, first, oiled an engraving to make it transparent and then placed it on a plate coated with a light-sensitive of ​bitumen ​of Judea and lavender oil. Bitumen of Judea is a type of asphalt that hardens with exposure to light so the unhardened material can be washed away. After a few hours, the solution under the light areas of the engraving hardens while those under the dark areas remained soft will be washed away leaving a permanent and accurate copy of the engraving. Niépce was able to successfully do heliography from 1822 and the years to come by copying oiled engravings onto different surfaces like lithographic stones, glass, and zinc. He was able to apply this in pewter plates in 1826. During this time, he experimented fitting a camera obscura with a pewter plate thus producing the first successful photograph from nature which features a view of the courtyard of his country estate, Gras, which was viewed from an upper window of the house. The exposure time took about 8 hours; that is why the sun seems to appear on both sides. People already know the concept of projecting pictures by camera obscura but preserving the picture was solved by Niépce through his heliography. This was even further enhanced by Louis-Jacques- Mandé Daguerre​, a French artist, who helped shorten the exposure time in taking a picture. His also produced the first picture to have a human in it in his photo entitled Boulevard du Temple ​taken during 1829 in Paris, France. The exposure time took 10 minutes thus failed to show the moving traffic of the busy street but a man who was having his shoes polished at that time was captured. Fig. 5.​Made in 1838 by inventor Louis Daguerre, this photo is believed to be the earliest photograph showing a living person. Another key figure in the history of photography is William​ Henry Fox Talbot​, who invented the early photographic processes and established the basic principle of the negative/positive process he called ​Calotype​. He developed the process of a negative image on sensitized paper. The negative can then be used to create multiple positive photographs by contact printing. The oldest existing camera negative is his ​Latticed Window at Lacock Abbey taken in August 1835. In September 1840, Talbot made another discovery by figuring out a way to make latent images visible to stop them from fading by treating them with chemicals. In 1861, the first colored photo was taken by Scottish physicist James​ Clerk Maxwell ​who was famous for his work with electromagnetism. His colored photo is that of a tartan​ ​ribbon. This was presented in a Royal Institution lecture on color theory in 1861 where he explained the principle of three-color analysis and synthesis. He collaborated with Thomas Sutton, the inventor of the single-lens reflex camera, Despite this discovery, the application of color photography was only made available in the 20th century since scientists could not preserve the color long enough. Only in 1907 did the first practical color plate reached the market. It inhibits Maxwell’s discovery by filtering red, green, and blue light in a screen and then develop it into a negative being later reversed to a positive. Applying the same screen later on in the process of the print results in a color photo that preserves the color. This technology, later on, became the foundation for colored screens in televisions and computers; hence, the RGB (red, green, blue) modules in numerous imaging applications. “You press the button, we do the rest.” The mass production of the camera started with Eastman’s​ Kodak camera​. It was released in the market in 1888 with a slogan “You press the button, we do the rest,” and that’s where the concept of the camera for mass consumption started. From a device that is only used more for science, it was furthered developed as a technology that can be used easily and with a sensibility for artists and non-artist alike.  Fig. 8.​An advertiseme nt posted by the company Kodak in 1916. The forerunner companies as the technology for photography developed were Kodak​​, Fujifilm​, and Polaroid​Corporation​. Kodak​Brownie is the first commercial camera released in 1901 that is budget friendly for those belonging in the middle class. Fujifilm (Fuji Photo Film Company) was founded in 1934 that is, later on, became a production monster for the photography industry with its specialization in camera and lenses. The Polaroid Corporation was founded in 1937. This company is known for the popular instant camera they released in 1947. In 1936, the first multi-layered color film was developed called ​Kodachrome​. At this point, it defeated fine arts in terms of portraying the physical world realistically. Around the same time, the ​Exakta camera was developed that pioneered the single-lens​reflex (SLR) system​with 35 mm film and built-in flash socket activated by the shutter. The release of Polaroid Corporation’s first instant camera called Land​Camera in 1947 made the production of a picture as fast as 60 seconds by having its paper, developer, and fixer stored in its sacs. In 1963, the ​Polacolor Film ​was introduced making Polaroid extremely popular. Fig. 9.​A camera produced by the Polaroid Company called the Polaroid 900. Fig. 10.​K​iev-80 SLR with Arca-Swiss Polaroid back and exposed sheet of Polacolor PRO 100 film. This innovations and discoveries attracted a lot of enthusiasts to try the new medium and experiment with it. This demand for cameras, as well as the need to buy films and develop them, gave rise to a lot of opportunities not just for photo companies but also for the influx of photo studios. Photography became quite a hobby to a lot of people. A camera can have different lenses, manual focus, and complicated settings as well as the need for constant spending for image developing. However, this was revolutionized by the advent of digital cameras. George Smith and Willard Boyle invented the ​Charge Coupled Device (CCD) at​Bell Labs on October 17, 1969. This is applied into the first solid-state video camera in 1970, and by 1975, it received image quality good enough for broadcast television. In 1981, Sony Corporation released ​Mavica which is the prototype​of​a digital camera which contains two CCD chips that record images as magnetic impulses onto a floppy disk. It was able to hold 25 pictures, but more than being a digital camera, it was more of a video camera that froze video frames. However, it pioneered the digital revolution. In 1988, Fujifilm introduced ​DS-1 P​, the first generation digital camera that utilizes CMOS sensors. In 1991, the first digital camera system was developed aimed at photojournalists. In 1994, the first massively sold camera called ​Apple QuickTake which worked with a computer via a cable was released.  Fig. 11.​​An Apple QuickTake c​omes with a 2mb removable memory card that is about half the size of a credit card.  Notable Artists and their Works Henri Cartier-Bresson is the father of photojournalism. He is a French photographer famous for creating “street photography” style in photojournalism. He used to be a painter who discovered his passion for photography at the age of 23. His first exhibition took place at the Julien Levy Gallery in New York in 1932. His artistry expressed alongside the narrative of his works greatly influenced generations of photo artists and journalists. His use of 35 mm camera made this format the standard, and he is often quoted in theoretical photography books. Dr. Harold Edgerton perfected the high-speed stroboscopic photography technique through a photo of a bullet frozen in time as it smashed through an apple. He called this “Flash! Seeing the Unseen” by Ultra High-Speed Photography. In 1946, the first photo taken from outer space surprised millions by featuring Earth taken from space. It was strapped to a German missile launched in New Mexico. It took a picture every second and a half as the rocket ascended. Though the device that took the pictures crashed back into the ground, the film was protected and was published for the whole world to see. Fig. 12. ​The first photo from space was taken from a V-2 launched by US scientists on 24 October 1946. National Geographic magazine is known to depend greatly on the quality of their pictures. Its first issue was published in 1888 but only in July 1943 did they have their first published issue with a cover photo. This issue featured an American flag as a wartime plea by the U.S. Treasury Department. This became the starting point for the magazine to see the potential of using photographs as a perfect medium for visual experience in traveling and showing remote parts of the world. This prompted them to commission hundreds of magnificent photos and continue to develop their knack for stunning photography. One of the pioneers in defining pop culture is the magazine ​Rolling Stone founded in 1967 by Jann Wenner and Ralph Gleason in San Francisco, USA. The photographs of Annie Leibovitz used in the magazine defined young men around the country. This so-called “pop- photography” features thought-provoking and shocking content to attract viewers’ attention. It also emphasized more on the importance of the subject depicted in the frame that the photography skills. It also highlighted more on the importance of portraits. The first female to win the Newspaper Photographer of the Year is ​ Carol Guzy who is known for her strong and compelling photographs. She often likes to use black and white filters to increase the effect of the photos while showing calm and yet shocking narratives in a picture. Kevin Carter was born in 1960 and is widely recognized as a celebrated South African war photographer. He is widely known for his famous photo of a famine victim in Sudan. In the picture, a malnourished little boy named Kong Nyong was lying face down and said to be resting while trying to reach a UN food aid station. In his back, a few feet away, is a vulture waiting. Carter took a photo of the boy first before chasing the vulture away. This photo won Carter the 1994 Pulitzer Prize for feature photography. Felix Laureano is said to be the very first Filipino photographer. He depicted the lives of Filipinos who lived in Iloilo. His works were compiled into a book entitled “​ Recuerdos de Filipinas​” (Memories of the Philippines) and published in Barcelona, Spain in 1895. The book contains photos about the everyday lives of the Filipinos in Iloilo like cockfighting, food stalls, festivals, churches, and other things. Xyza Cruz Bacani is a Filipina street and documentary photographer born in 1987. She is based in Hong Kong, and she became known for her photos that raise awareness about under-reported stories. She and her mom used to be domestic helpers in Hong Kong which fueled her passion for documenting the lives of other domestic helpers. She is known for her black and white photos of Hong Kong and document projects about migrations and human rights. She was included in the BBC's 100 Women of the World in 2015, 30 Under 30 Women Photographers 2016, Forbes 30 Under 30 Asia 2016, and became a Fujifilm ambassador. Fig 13. ​The Filipina street and documentar y photograph er, Xyza Cruz Bacani.  Do you have Thank any questions? you! CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik A. Identify the answers to the following questions. 1. What is the photographic process developed by Nicéphore Niépce? 2. Who made the first colored photo that was presented in a Royal Lecture Institution about color theory? 3. Who are the three (3) forerunner companies for photography technology during the early development of photography? B. True or False. 4. The father of photojournalism is Dr. Harold Edgerton. 5. Kevin Carter took the famous photo of a Sudanese child on his way towards a UN food aid station with a vulture behind his back. 6. Xyza Cruz Bacani is the first female to win the Newspaper Photographer of the Year. 7. Cameras went through several transformations and evolution in its history. 8. Photography is derived from the Greek words photos and graphein. Performance Task Aesthetic Photoshoot Materials​: Camera Computer Printer A4 size bond paper Instructions​: Think of a concept that will reflect this theme: “Aesthetic.” Using your concept, schedule a photoshoot to materialize your idea. You could be a model for your work or the photographer. Incorporate costumes if needed and scout for the best venue to commence the photoshoot. Choose your best three photos and print them in an A4 size bond paper with designs and captions.  Apprentice (0-2 Novice Master CRITERIA pts) (3-6 pts) (7-10 pts) General Criteria The artist made good use of rhythm and movement. The artist showed a balance in the artwork. The artist used emphasis on the artwork. The artist showed harmony, unity, and variety in the artwork. The artist made good use of proportion in the artwork. Content- The artwork depicts the theme. Specific Criteria The artwork presents a commentary on modern times. The artwork features arbitrary colors, lines and meaningful objects. The artwork communicates a message to the viewer. The artwork promotes the love of our country. TOTAL