Artificial Intelligence Notes PDF

A TEXT BOOK OF An Introduction to ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Dnð¦ü¹AiÀÄ¯ï EAl°eÉ£ïì Skill Enhancement Course-2 Paper Syllabus for BA, BSc, B.Com, BBA, BCA, BSW, BFA, BVA and all other Degree Programmes of Third and Fourth Semester offered by Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi and As Per NEP Syllabus for All Universities in Karnataka n Say N ri ce Editio o to P Xerox Low Dr. Halapagol Pruthviraj Assistant Professor Dept. of Computer Science Government First Grade College Chitaguppa, Dist. BIDAR Dr. Niteshkumar B. Biradar Assistant Professor Dept. of Computer Science Om Siddi Vinayak Degree College, BIDAR and Guest Lecture Government First Grade College, NAUBAD, BIDAR, Karnataka KALABURAGI Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Saraswati Godam, KALABURAGI - 585 101 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE : A Text Book for BA, BSc, B.Com, BBA, BCA, BSW, BFA, BVA and all other Degree Programmes ans as per NEP syllabus. Written by: Dr. Halapagol Pruthviraj, Dr. Niteshkumar Biradar. Published by : Siddaling B. Konek, Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana, Saraswati Godam, Kalaburagi - 585101 Phone : 08472-226303 Cell : 9448124431, 9880020808, 9731828999 c Publishers ISBN No. 978-93-93931-64-1 First Edition : Jan. 2023 Pages : 135 Paper Used : 58 GSM Maplitho Price : Rs. 130-00 Publisher : Siddaling B. 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The basic purpose of this book is to assist the reader to develop a thorough understanding of the subject of Artificial Intelligence to accomplish these objectives. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is being widely recognised to be the power that will fuel the future global digital economy. AI in the past few years has gained geo- strategic importance and a large number of countries are striving hard to stay ahead with their policy initiatives to get their country ready. Topics of this book are explained in an easily understandable way about the basic knowledge of AI, AI Histoy, various components that are involved in solving an AI problem, Analyze the various knowledge representation schemes, Reasoning and Learning techniques of AI with number of examples. It certainly helps the students of all level of learning. Thank you all for supporting our book. We hope we would have lots of support with this book as it is our Fourth book published on NEP-2020 syllabus. Dr. Halapagol Pruthviraj Dr. Niteshkumar B. Biradar Mobile : 8970494225 Mobile : 9900728552 [email protected] [email protected] Youtube Channel Name : Dr.PruthvitajHalapagol NITESHKUMAR BIRADAR Youtube Link : https://youtube.com/@niteshkumarbiradar Vijayapura, Rani Channamma University, Belgavi and Universities in Karnataka. SYLLABUS SEC-2 Paper Syllabus for BA, BSc, B.Com, BBA, BCA, BSW, BFA, BVA and all other Degree Programmes of III/IV Semester offered by Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi, Raichur University, Raichur, Karnataka State Akkamahadevi Women’s University, Vijayapura, Rani Channamma University, Belgavi and Universities in Karnataka. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Course Code : SEC-2 Course Title : ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Course Credits : 02 Hours/Week : 1 Hr Theory+2 Hrs Practical Total Contact Hours : 13T+26P Formative Assessment Marks : 20 Exam Marks : 30 Exam Duration : 2 Hours Course Outcomes (COs) : At the end of the course, students will be able to : Appraise the theory of Artificial intelligence and list the significance of AI. Discuss the various components that are involved in solving an AI problem. Illustrate the working of AI Algorithms in the given contrast. Analyze the various knowledge representation schemes, Reasoning and Learning techniques of AI. Apply the AI concepts to build an expert system to solve the real-world problems. Course Contents : Contents Hours. Unit – 1 Overview of AI : Definition of Artificial Intelligence, Philosophy of AI, Goals of AI, Elements of AI system, Programming a computer without and with AI, AI Techniques, History of AI. 05 Intelligent Systems : Definition and understanding of Intelligence, Types of Intelligence, Human Intelligence vs Machine Intelligence. Unit – 2 AI Applications : Virtual assistance, Travel and Navigation, Education and Healthcare, Optical character recognition, E-commerce and mobile payment 05 systems, Image based search and photo editing. AI Examples in daily life : Installation of AI apps and instructions to use AI apps. Unit – 3 Robotics : Introduction to Robotics, Difference in Robot System and Other AI Program, Components of a Robot. 03 Note : Artificial Intelligence Paper must be taught by Computer Science Faculty only. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CONTENTS Sl.No. Unit Name Page Nos. Chapter - 1 : Overview of Artificial Intelligence 11 1.1 What is AI ? 1.1.1 Examples of AI 1.2 Why Artificial Intelligence ? 1.3 Philosophy of AI. 1.4 Goals of Artificial Intelligence 1.5 Elements of Artificial Intelligence 1.6 Advantages of Artificial Intelligence 1.7 Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence 1.8 Programming Without and With Artificial Intelligence (AI) 1.9 What is AI Technique ? 1.10 History of Artificial Intelligence 1.11 Types of Artificial Intelligence 1.11.1 AI type-1: Based on Capabilities 1.11.2 Artificial Intelligence type-2 : Based on functionality 1.12 What is Intelligence ? 1.12.1 Types of Intelligence in Artificial Intelligence (AI) 1.13 Artificial Intelligence vs. Human Intelligence 1.14 What is an intelligent system ?  Review Questions Chapter - 2 : AI Applications 45 2.1. Application of AI 2.2. AI virtual assistant 2.2.1 Types of AI virtual assistant chatbots 2.2.2 AI virtual assistant benefits for customer service 2.2.3 AI virtual assistant benefits for your business 2.3. Travel and Navigation in AI 2.3.1 The Role of AI Within the Travel Industry 2.3.2 Examples of AI Within the Travel Industry 2.4 Education and Healthcare 2.4.1 The Application of AI in Education 2.4.1.1 The Challenge of Teachers in the AI era Technology and Education Reform 2.4.2 AI in health care system 2.5 OCR in AI 2.5.1 How OCR Works 2.5.2 What are the types of OCR? 2.5.3 What are the benefits of OCR? 2.5.4 What is OCR used for? 2.5.5 Applications of OCR 2.6 E-commerce and mobile payment systems 2.6.1 E-Commerce in AI 2.6.1.1 Top 5 ways AI can benefit your eCommerce business 2.6.1.2 Future of eCommerce with AI 2.6.2. Mobile payment in AI 2.6.2.1 Forms of mobile payment: Proximity and remote 2.6.2.2 Artificial Intelligence can change customer experience 2.6.2.3 Artificial Intelligence helps with fraud detection 2.6.2.4 Artificial Intelligence improves operational efficiency 2.7 Image based search and photo editing 2.7.1 What is the purpose of artificial intelligence in photo editing? 2.7.2 AI helps you choose your best photos 2.7.3 AI can upscale low-resolution images 2.7.4 AI can replace skies (with zero hassle) 2.7.5 AI can do automatic masking 2.7.6 AI can adjust colors and exposure 2.7.7 Weaknesses of AI-powered software 2.7.8 How artificial intelligence has changed photo editing: final words 2.8 AI Examples in daily life 2.9 Artificial Intelligence apps 2.9.1 Why are Artificial Intelligence apps needed of the hour ? 2.9.2 Alexa 2.9.3 Cortana 2.9.4 Edison Assistant 2.9.5 Elsa 2.9.6 Google Allo 2.9.7 Google Assistant 2.9.8 Replika 2.9.9 Robin 2.9.10 Siftr Magic 2.9.11 Socratic 2.9.12 SwiftKey Keyboard 2.9.13 The Hound  Review Questions Chapter - 3 : Robotics 114 3.1 Introduction to Robotics 3.1.1 Characteristics 3.2 History of Robotics 3.3 Types of Robots 3.4 Scope & Limitation of Robots 3.5 Advantages 3.6 Disadvantages 3.7 Applications of Robots 3.8 Are Robotics and Artificial Intelligence the Same Thing ? 3.9 Difference in Robot System and Other AI Program 3.10 Basic Components of Robot  Review Questions  Overview of Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence CHAPTER 1 Overview of Artificial Intelligence Introduction (¥ÀjZÀAiÀÄ) : AI is touching us in all aspects of our daily lives, most of the times unknowingly. Whenever we shop online, use our mobiles, drive to work daily, check our mail box or exercise, AI is coming into play and helping us, prodding us or controlling us. Since AI is already such an integral part of our lives, it makes sense to get more knowledge of this emerging technology. From chess-playing computers to self-driving vehicles, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is progressing rapidly and touching every aspect of our lives. In this chapter, you will learn how machines can be made to learn from data and carry out human tasks. The field of artificial intelligence, or AI, is concerned with not just understanding but also building intelligent entities—machines that can compute how to act effectively and safely in a wide variety of novel situations. AI £ÀªÀÄä zÉÊ£ÀA¢£À fÃªÀ£ÀzÀ J¯Áè CA±ÀUÀ¼À°è £ÀªÀÄä£ÀÄß ¸Àà²ð¸ÀÄwÛzÉ, ºÉaÑ£À ¨Áj £ÀªÀÄUÉ w½AiÀÄzÉ. £ÁªÀÅ D£ï¯ÉÊ£ï£À°è ±Á¦AUï ªÀiÁqÀÄªÁUÀ, £ÀªÀÄä ªÉÆ¨ÉÊ¯ïUÀ¼À£ÀÄß §¼À¹zÁUÀ, ¥Àæw¢£À PÉ®¸À ªÀiÁqÀ®Ä ZÁ®£É ªÀiÁqÀÄªÁUÀ, £ÀªÀÄä ªÉÄÃ¯ï ¨ÁPïì CxÀªÁ ªÁåAiÀiÁªÀÄªÀ£ÀÄß ¥Àj²Ã°¹zÁUÀ, AI PÁAiÀÄðgÀÆ¥ÀPÉÌ §gÀÄvÀÛzÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ £ÀªÀÄUÉ ¸ÀºÁAiÀÄ ªÀiÁqÀÄvÀÛzÉ, £ÀªÀÄä£ÀÄß ¥ÀæZÉÆÃ¢¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ CxÀªÁ £ÀªÀÄä£ÀÄß ¤AiÀÄAwæ¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ. AI FUÁUÀ¯ÉÃ £ÀªÀÄä fÃªÀ£ÀzÀ C«¨sÁdå CAUÀªÁVgÀÄªÀÅzÀjAzÀ, F GzÀAiÉÆÃ£ÀÄäR vÀAvÀæeÁÕ£ÀzÀ §UÉÎ ºÉaÑ£À eÁÕ£ÀªÀ£ÀÄß ¥ÀqÉAiÀÄÄªÀÅzÀÄ CxÀð ¥ÀÆtðªÁVzÉ. ZÉ¸ï DqÀÄªÀ PÀA¥ÀÆålgïUÀ½AzÀ ¸ÀéAiÀÄA-ZÁ®£Á ªÁºÀ£ÀUÀ¼ÀªÀgÉUÉ, PÀÈvÀPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛ (AI) ªÉÃUÀªÁV ¥ÀæUÀw ºÉÆAzÀÄwÛzÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ £ÀªÀÄä fÃªÀ£ÀzÀ ¥ÀæwAiÉÆAzÀÄ CA±ÀªÀ£ÀÄß ¸Àà²ð¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ. F ªÀiÁqÀÆå¯ï£À°è, qÉÃmÁ¢AzÀ PÀ°AiÀÄ®Ä ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ PÁAiÀÄðUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¤ªÀð»¸À®Ä AiÀÄAvÀæUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ºÉÃUÉ vÀAiÀiÁj¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ JA§ÄzÀ£ÀÄß ¤ÃªÀÅ PÀ°AiÀÄÄ«j. PÀÈvÀPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛAiÀÄ PÉëÃvÀæ, CxÀªÁ AI, PÉÃªÀ® w¼ÀÄªÀ½PÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ªÀiÁvÀæªÀ®èzÉ §Ä¢ÞªÀAvÀ WÀlPÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¤«Äð¸À®Ä ¸ÀºÀ PÁ¼Àf ªÀ»¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ-««zsÀ jÃwAiÀÄ £À«Ã£À ¸ÀAzÀ¨sÀðUÀ¼À°è ¥ÀjuÁªÀÄPÁjAiÀiÁV ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀÄgÀQëvÀªÁV PÁAiÀÄð¤ªÀð»¸ÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ ºÉÃUÉ JAzÀÄ ¯ÉPÁÌZÁgÀ ªÀiÁqÀ§ºÀÄzÁzÀ AiÀÄAvÀæUÀ¼ÀÄ. 11 Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Artificial Intelligence Overview of Artificial Intelligence 1.1 What Is Artificial Intelligence ? (PÀÈvÀPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛ JAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ ?) : In today’s world, technology is growing very fast, and we are getting in touch with different new technologies day by day. Here, one of the booming technologies of computer science is Artificial Intelligence which is ready to create a new revolution in the world by making intelligent machines. The Artificial Intelligence is now all around us. It is currently working with a variety of subfields, ranging from general to specific, such as self-driving cars, playing chess, proving theorems, playing music, Painting, etc. AI is one of the fascinating and universal fields of Computer science which has a great scope in future. AI holds a tendency to cause a machine to work as a human. Artificial Intelligence is composed of two words Artificial and Intelligence, where Artificial defines “man-made” and intelligence defines “thinking power”, hence AI means ”a man-made thinking power.” So, we can define AI as : ”It is a branch of computer science by which we can create intelligent machines which can behave like a human, think like humans, and able to make decisions.” Artificial Intelligence exists when a machine can have human based skills such as learning, reasoning, and solving problems. With Artificial Intelligence you do not need to preprogram a machine to do some work, despite that you can create a machine with programmed algorithms which can work with own intelligence, and that is the awesomeness of AI. It is believed that AI is not a new technology, and some people says that as per Greek myth, there were Mechanical men in early days which can work and behave like humans. EA¢£À dUÀwÛ£À°è, vÀAvÀæeÁÕ£ÀªÀÅ CvÀåAvÀ ªÉÃUÀªÁV ¨É¼ÉAiÀÄÄwÛzÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ £ÁªÀÅ ¢£À¢AzÀ ¢£ÀPÉÌ «©ü£Àß ºÉÆ¸À vÀAvÀæeÁÕ£ÀUÀ¼ÉÆA¢UÉ ¸ÀA¥ÀPÀðzÀ°ègÀÄvÉÛÃªÉ. E°è PÀA¥ÀÆålgï «eÁÕ£ÀzÀ ¥ÀæªÀzsÀðªÀiÁ£ÀPÉÌ §gÀÄwÛgÀÄªÀ vÀAvÀæeÁÕ£ÀªÉAzÀgÉ PÀÈvÀPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛ, §Ä¢ÞªÀAvÀ AiÀÄAvÀæUÀ¼À£ÀÄß vÀAiÀiÁj¸ÀÄªÀ ªÀÄÆ®PÀ dUÀwÛ£À°è ºÉÆ¸À PÁæAwAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¸ÀÈ¶Ö¸À®Ä ±ÀÄzÀÞªÁVzÉ. Dnð¦ü¶AiÀÄ¯ï EAmÉ°eÉ£ïì FUÀ £ÀªÀÄä ¸ÀÄvÀÛ®Æ EzÉ. EzÀÄ ¥Àæ¸ÀÄÛvÀ ¸ÀéAiÀÄA-ZÁ®£Á PÁgÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ, ZÉ¸ï DqÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ, ¥Àª æ ÄÉ ÃAiÀÄUÀ¼£ À ÄÀ ß ¸Á©ÃvÀÄ¥Àr¸ÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ, ¸ÀAVÃvÀ £ÀÄr¸ÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ, avÀPæ ¯ À É EvÁå¢UÀ¼AÀ vÀºÀ ¸ÁªÀiÁ£Àå¢AzÀ ¤¢ðµÀÖªÁzÀ ««zsÀ G¥ÀPÉëÃvÀæUÀ¼ÉÆA¢UÉ PÁAiÀÄð¤ªÀð»¸ÀÄwÛzÉ. AI PÀA¥ÀÆålgï «eÁÕ£ÀzÀ DPÀµÀðPÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÁªÀðwæPÀ PÉëÃvÀæUÀ¼À°è MAzÁVzÉ, EzÀÄ ¨sÀ«µÀåzÀ°è GvÀÛªÀÄ ªÁå¦ÛAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ºÉÆA¢zÉ. AiÀÄAvÀª æ ÀÅ ªÀÄ£ÀÄµÀå£ÀAvÉ PÉ®¸À ªÀiÁqÀ®Ä PÁgÀtªÁUÀÄªÀ ¥ÀæªÀÈwÛAiÀÄ£ÀÄß AI ºÉÆA¢zÉ. 12 Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Overview of Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence PÀÈvÀPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛAiÀÄÄ PÀÈvÀPÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛ JA§ JgÀqÀÄ ¥ÀzÀUÀ½AzÀ PÀÆrzÉ, E°è Dnð¦ü¶AiÀÄ¯ï “ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ ¤«ÄðvÀ” ªÀÄvÀÄÛ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛAiÀÄÄ “D¯ÉÆÃZÀ£Á ±ÀQÛAiÀÄ£ÀÄß” ªÁåSÁå¤¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ, DzÀÝjAzÀ AI JAzÀgÉ “ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ ¤«ÄðvÀ D¯ÉÆÃZÀ£Á ±ÀQÛ”. DzÀÝjAzÀ, £ÁªÀÅ AI C£ÀÄß »ÃUÉ ªÁåSÁå¤¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ: “EzÀÄ PÀA¥ÀÆålgï «eÁÕ£ÀzÀ MAzÀÄ ±ÁSÉAiÀiÁVzÀÄÝ, CzÀgÀ ªÀÄÆ®PÀ £ÁªÀÅ §Ä¢ÞªÀAvÀ AiÀÄAvÀæUÀ¼À£ÀÄß gÀa¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ CzÀÄ ªÀÄ£ÀÄµÀågÀAvÉ ªÀwð¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ, ªÀÄ£ÀÄµÀågÀAvÉ AiÉÆÃa¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¤zsÁðgÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß vÉUÉzÀÄPÉÆ¼Àî§ºÀÄzÀÄ.” MAzÀÄ AiÀÄAvÀæªÀÅ ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ DzsÁjvÀ PË±À®åUÀ¼ÁzÀ PÀ°PÉ, vÁQðPÀvÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀªÀÄ¸ÉåUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¥ÀjºÀj¸ÀÄªÁUÀ PÀÈvÀPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛAiÀÄÄ C¹ÛvÀézÀ°èzÉ. PÀÈvÀPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛAiÉÆA¢UÉ ¤ÃªÀÅ PÉ®ªÀÅ PÉ®¸ÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ªÀiÁqÀ®Ä AiÀÄAvÀæªÀ£ÀÄß ¥ÀÆªÀð ¥ÉÆæÃUÁæA ªÀiÁqÀÄªÀ CUÀvÀå«®è, CzÀgÀ ºÉÆgÀvÁVAiÀÄÆ ¤ÃªÀÅ ¥ÉÆÃæ UÁæªÀiï ªÀiÁqÀ¯ÁzÀ C¯ÁÎjzÀªÀiïUÀ¼Æ É A¢UÉ AiÀÄAvÀª æ À£ÄÀ ß gÀa¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ CzÀÄ ¸ÀéAvÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀAwPÉAiÉÆA¢UÉ PÉ®¸À ªÀiÁqÀ§ºÀÄzÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ CzÀÄ AI AiÀÄ CzÀÄãvÀªÁVzÉ. AI ºÉÆ¸À vÀAvÀæeÁÕ£ÀªÀ®è JAzÀÄ £ÀA§¯ÁVzÉ, ªÀÄvÀÄÛ PÉ®ªÀÅ d£ÀgÀÄ VæÃPï ¥ÀÄgÁtzÀ ¥ÀæPÁgÀ, ªÀÄ£ÀÄµÀågÀAvÉ PÉ®¸À ªÀiÁqÀÄªÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÀwð¸ÀÄªÀ DgÀA©üPÀ ¢£ÀUÀ¼À°è AiÀiÁAwæPÀ ¥ÀÄgÀÄµÀgÀÄ EzÀÝgÀÄ JAzÀÄ ºÉÃ¼ÀÄvÁÛgÉ. 1.1.1 Examples of Artificial Intelligence (PÀÈvÀPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛAiÀÄ GzÁºÀgÀuÉUÀ¼ÀÄ) : 1. Typing using software : While typing reports using any word-processor, wrong spellings or incorrect grammar is highlighted. We also are exposed to auto-complete options of previously used words, or auto-suggest of commonly used words while typing an e-mail, a SMS message or a social-media post. These are all examples of AI in action. The underlying software is intelligently monitoring what is being typed. The word (complete or incomplete) is matched with an inbuilt database, and either suggestions or corrections are displayed for the user to choose from or ignore. 2. Shopping online : All of us are now used to shopping online. We are either ordering clothes or gadgets online, or using a streaming service (watching movies/shows online). Depending on the user profile, the system shows ads, products or suggests programs to watch. So, what a 65 year old male is shown is different from what a 16 year old girl will be shown, even though they may be using the same service/portal. Here too, AI is in play. The software is constantly monitoring what we are watching or searching online. Previous history of browsing is also looked at. Shopping preferences are noted. Then, appropriate suggestions are displayed. All this is happening invisibly or unknown to us. 13 Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Artificial Intelligence Overview of Artificial Intelligence 3. Chatbots : Chatbots are used universally today on many websites to interact with the human users that arrive on the specific sites. They try to provide them effective communication and explain to the users how the company or industry works while providing detailed instructions and guides with spontaneous replies. Chatbots are usually used for quick responses to most commonly asked questions on a particular website. They save time as well as reduce human labour and expenditure. 1. ¸Á¥sïÖªÉÃgï §¼À¹ mÉÊ¥ï ªÀiÁqÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ : AiÀiÁªÀÅzÉÃ ªÀqïð-¥ÉÆæ¸É¸Àgï §¼À¹ ªÀgÀ¢UÀ¼À£ ÀÄß mÉÊ¥ï ªÀiÁqÀÄªÁUÀ, vÀ¥ÀÄà PÁUÀÄtÂvÀUÀ¼ÀÄ CxÀªÁ vÀ¥ÁàzÀ ªÁåPÀgÀtªÀ£ÀÄß ºÉÊ¯ÉÊmï ªÀiÁqÀ¯ÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ. £ÁªÀÅ F »AzÉ §¼À¹zÀ ¥ÀzÀUÀ¼À ¸ÀéAiÀÄA-¸ÀA¥ÀÆtð DAiÉÄÌUÀ½UÉ CxÀªÁ EªÉÄÃ¯ï, SMS ¸ÀAzÉÃ±À CxÀªÁ ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ- ªÀiÁzsÀåªÀÄ ¥ÉÆÃ¸ïÖ C£ÀÄß mÉÊ¥ï ªÀiÁqÀÄªÁUÀ ¸ÁªÀiÁ£ÀåªÁV §¼À¸ÀÄªÀ ¥ÀzÀU¼ À À ¸ÀéAiÀÄA-¸À®ºÉUÀ½UÉ MrØPÆ É ¼ÀÄîvÛÃÉ ªÉ. EªÉ®èªÀÇ AI QæAiÉÄAiÀÄ GzÁºÀgÀuÉUÀ¼ÁVªÉ. DzsÁgÀªÁVgÀÄªÀ ¸Á¥sïÖªÉÃgï K£ÀÄ mÉÊ¥ï ªÀiÁqÀ¯ÁUÀÄwÛzÉ JA§ÄzÀ£ÀÄß §Ä¢ÞªÀAwPÉ¬ÄAzÀ ªÉÄÃ°éZÁgÀuÉ ªÀiÁqÀÄwÛzÉ. ¥ÀzÀ (¸ÀA¥ÀÆtð CxÀªÁ C¥ÀÆtð) CAvÀUÀðvÀ qÉÃmÁ¨ÉÃ¸ï£ÉÆA¢UÉ ºÉÆAzÁtÂPÉAiÀiÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ §¼ÀPÉzÁgÀjUÉ DAiÉÄÌ ªÀiÁqÀ®Ä CxÀªÁ ¤®ðQë¸À®Ä ¸À®ºÉUÀ¼ÀÄ CxÀªÁ wzÀÄÝ¥ÀrUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¥ÀæzÀ²ð¸À¯ÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ. 2. D£ï¯ÉÊ£ï ±Á¦AUï : £ÁªÉ®ègÀÆ FUÀ D£ï¯ÉÊ£ï£À°è ±Á¦AUï ªÀiÁqÀ®Ä §¼À¹zÉÝÃªÉ. £ÁªÀÅ D£ï¯ÉÊ£ï£À°è §mÉÖ CxÀªÁ UÁåeÉmïUÀ¼À£ÀÄß DqÀðgï ªÀiÁqÀÄwÛzÉÝÃªÉ CxÀªÁ ¹ÖçÃ«ÄAUï ¸ÉÃªÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß §¼À¸ÄÀ wÛzÉÝÃªÉ (ZÀ®£ÀavÀæUÀ¼ÀÄ/D£ï¯ÉÊ£ï£À°è ¥ÀæzÀ±Àð£ÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß «ÃQë¸ÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ). §¼ÀPÉzÁgÀgÀ ¥ÉÆæ¥sÉÊ¯ïC£ÀÄß CªÀ®A©¹, ¹¸ÀÖªÀiï eÁ»ÃgÁvÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ, GvÀà£ÀßUÀ¼À£ÀÄß vÉÆÃj¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ CxÀªÁ «ÃQë¸À®Ä ¥ÉÆæÃUÁæAUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¸ÀÆa¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ. DzÀÝjAzÀ, 65 ªÀµÀð ªÀAiÀÄ¹ì£À ¥ÀÄgÀÄµÀ£À£ÀÄß vÉÆÃj¸ÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ 16 ªÀµÀðzÀ ºÀÄqÀÄVUÉ vÉÆÃj¸ÀÄªÀÅzÀQÌAvÀ ©ü£ÀßªÁVzÉ, CªÀgÀÄ CzÉÃ ¸ÉÃªÉ/¥ÉÆÃlð¯ï C£ÀÄß §¼À¸ÀÄwÛzÀÝgÀÆ ¸ÀºÀ. E°èAiÀÄÆ ¸ÀºÀ, AI PÁAiÀÄð¤ªÀð »¸ÀÄwÛzÉ. £ÁªÀÅ D£ï¯ÉÊ£ï£À°è K£À£ÀÄß «ÃQë¸ÀÄwÛzÉÝÃªÉ CxÀªÁ ºÀÄqÀÄPÀÄwÛzÉÝÃªÉ JA§ÄzÀ£ÀÄß ¸Á¥sïÖªÉÃgï ¤gÀAvÀgÀªÁV ªÉÄÃ°éZÁgÀuÉ ªÀiÁqÀÄvÀÛzÉ. ¨Ëæ¹AUï£À »A¢£À EwºÁ¸ÀªÀ£ÀÄß ¸ÀºÀ £ÉÆÃqÀ¯ÁVzÉ. ±Á¦AUï DzÀåvÉUÀ¼À£ ÀÄß UÀªÀÄ¤¸À¯ÁVzÉ. £ÀAvÀgÀ, ¸ÀÆPÀÛ ¸À®ºÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¥ÀæzÀ²ð¸À¯ÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ. EzÉ®è £ÀªÀÄUÉ CUÉÆÃZÀgÀªÁV CxÀªÁ £ÀªÀÄUÉ w½¢®èzÀAvÉ £ÀqÉAiÀÄÄwÛzÉ. 3. ZÁmï¨ÁmïUÀ¼ÀÄ : ¤¢ðµÀÖ ¸ÉÊmïUÀ¼À°è §gÀÄªÀ ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ §¼ÀPÉzÁgÀgÉÆA¢UÉ ¸ÀAªÀºÀ£À £ÀqÉ¸À®Ä ZÁmï¨ÁmïUÀ¼À£ÀÄß EAzÀÄ C£ÉÃPÀ ªÉ¨ï¸ÉÊmïUÀ¼À°è ¸ÁªÀðwæPÀªÁV §¼À¸À¯ÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ. CªÀgÀÄ ¥ÀjuÁªÀÄPÁj ¸ÀAªÀºÀ£ÀªÀ£ ÀÄß MzÀV¸À®Ä ¥ÀæAiÀÄwß¸ÀÄvÁÛgÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀéAiÀÄA¥ÉæÃjvÀ ¥ÀævÀÄåvÀÛgÀUÀ¼ÉÆA¢UÉ «ªÀgÀªÁzÀ ¸ÀÆZÀ£ÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÀiÁUÀðzÀ²ðUÀ¼À£ÀÄß MzÀV¸ÀÄªÁUÀ PÀA¥À¤ CxÀªÁ GzÀåªÀÄªÀÅ ºÉÃUÉ PÁAiÀÄð¤ªÀð»¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ JA§ÄzÀ£ÀÄß §¼ÀPÉzÁgÀjUÉ «ªÀj¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ. ¤¢ðµÀÖ ªÉ¨ï¸ÉÊmï£À°è ¸ÁªÀiÁ£ÀåªÁV PÉÃ¼À¯ÁUÀÄªÀ ¥Àæ±ÉßUÀ½UÉ vÀéjvÀ ¥ÀæwQæAiÉÄUÀ½UÁV ZÁmï¨ÁmïUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¸ÁªÀiÁ£ÀåªÁV §¼À¸À¯ÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ. CªÀgÀÄ ¸ÀªÀÄAiÀÄªÀ£ÀÄß G½¸ÀÄªÀÅzÀgÀ eÉÆvÉUÉ ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ ±ÀæªÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÉZÀÑªÀ£ÀÄß PÀrªÉÄ ªÀiÁqÀÄvÁÛgÉ. 14 Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Overview of Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence 1.2 Why Artificial Intelligence ? (PÀÈvÀPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛ KPÉ ?) : Before Learning about Artificial Intelligence, we should know that what is the importance of AI and why should we learn it. Following are some main reasons to learn about AI :  With the help of AI, you can create such software or devices which can solve real-world problems very easily and with accuracy such as health issues, marketing, traffic issues, etc.  With the help of AI, you can create your personal virtual Assistant, such as Cortana, Google Assistant, Siri, etc.  With the help of AI, you can build such Robots which can work in an environment where survival of humans can be at risk.  AI opens a path for other new technologies, new devices, and new Opportunities.  PÀÈvÀPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛAiÀÄ §UÉÎ PÀ°AiÀÄÄªÀ ªÉÆzÀ®Ä, AI £À ¥ÁæªÀÄÄRåvÉ K£ÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ £ÁªÀÅ CzÀ£ÀÄß KPÉ PÀ°AiÀÄ¨ÉÃPÀÄ JAzÀÄ w½AiÀÄ¨ÉÃPÀÄ. AI §UÉÎ w½zÀÄPÉÆ¼Àî®Ä PÉ®ªÀÅ ¥ÀæªÀÄÄR PÁgÀtUÀ½ªÉ:  AI ¸ÀºÁAiÀÄ¢AzÀ, ¤ÃªÀÅ CAvÀºÀ ¸Á¥sïÖªÉÃgï CxÀªÁ ¸ÁzsÀ£ÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß gÀa¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ, EzÀÄ £ÉÊd- ¥Àæ¥ÀAZÀzÀ ¸ÀªÀÄ¸ÉåUÀ¼À£ÀÄß §ºÀ¼À ¸ÀÄ®¨sÀªÁV ªÀÄvÀÄÛ DgÉÆÃUÀå ¸ÀªÀÄ¸ÉåUÀ¼ÀÄ, ªÀiÁPÉðnAUï, mÁæ¦üPï ¸ÀªÀÄ¸ÉåUÀ¼ÀÄ EvÁå¢UÀ¼ÀAvÀºÀ ¤RgÀvÉAiÉÆA¢UÉ ¥ÀjºÀj¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ.  AI ¸ÀºÁAiÀÄ¢AzÀ, ¤ÃªÀÅ ¤ªÀÄä ªÉÊAiÀÄQÛPÀ ªÀZÀÄðªÀ¯ï ¸ÀºÁAiÀÄPÀªÀ£ÀÄß gÀa¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ, GzÁºÀgÀuU É É Cortana, Google Assistant, Siri, EvÁå¢.  AI ¸ÀºÁAiÀÄ¢AzÀ, ¤ÃªÀÅ CAvÀºÀ gÉÆ Ã¨ÉÆÃmïUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¤«Äð¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ CzÀÄ ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀgÀ G½ªÀÅ C¥ÁAiÀÄzÀ°ègÀ§ºÀÄzÁzÀ ¥Àj¸ÀgÀzÀ°è PÁAiÀÄð¤ªÀð»¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ.  AI EvÀgÀ ºÉÆ¸À vÀAvÀæeÁÕ£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ, ºÉÆ ¸À ¸ÁzsÀ£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ºÉÆ¸À CªÀPÁ±ÀUÀ½UÁV ªÀiÁUÀðªÀ£ÀÄß vÉgÉAiÀÄÄvÀÛzÉ. 1.3 Philosophy of AI (PÀÈvÀPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛAiÀÄ vÀvÀé±Á¸ÀçÛ ) : While exploiting the power of the computer systems, the curiosity of human, lead him to wonder, “Can a machine think and behave like humans do ?” Thus, the development of AI started with the intention of creating similar intelligence in machines that we find and regard high in humans. PÀA¥ÀÆålgï ¹¸ÀÖAUÀ¼À ±ÀQÛAiÀÄ£ÀÄß §¼À¹PÉÆ¼ÀÄîªÁUÀ, ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ£À PÀÄvÀÆºÀ®ªÀÅ CªÀ£À£ÀÄß D±ÀÑAiÀÄðUÉÆ½¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ, “ªÀÄ£ÀÄµÀågÀÄ AiÉÆÃa¸ÀÄªÀAvÉ AiÀÄAvÀæªÀÅ AiÉÆÃa¸À®Ä ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÀwð¸À®Ä ¸ÁzsÀåªÉÃ ?” »ÃUÁV, AI AiÀÄ C©üªÀÈ¢ÞAiÀÄÄ AiÀÄAvÀæUÀ¼À°è EzÉÃ jÃwAiÀÄ §Ä¢ÞªÀAwPÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¸ÀÈ¶Ö¸ÀÄªÀ GzÉÝÃ±À¢AzÀ ¥ÁægÀA¨sÀªÁ¬ÄvÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ £ÁªÀÅ ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀgÀ°è ºÉaÑ£ÀzÀ£ÀÄß PÀAqÀÄPÉÆ¼ÀÄîvÉÛÃªÉ. 15 Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Artificial Intelligence Overview of Artificial Intelligence 1.4 Goals of Artificial Intelligence (PÀÈvÀPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛAiÀÄ UÀÄjUÀ¼ÀÄ) : Following are the main goals of Artificial Intelligence : 1. Replicate human intelligence 2. Solve Knowledge-intensive tasks 3. An intelligent connection of perception and action 4. Building a machine which can perform tasks that requires human intelligence such as :  Proving a theorem  Playing chess  Plan some surgical operation  Driving a car in traffic 5. Creating some system which can exhibit intelligent behavior, learn new things by itself, demonstrate, explain, and can advise to its user. PÀÈvÀPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛAiÀÄ ªÀÄÄRå UÀÄjUÀ¼ÀÄ F PÉ¼ÀV£ÀAwªÉ : 1. ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¥ÀÄ£ÀgÁªÀwð¹ 2. eÁÕ£À-wÃªÀæ PÁAiÀÄðUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¥ÀjºÀj¹ 3. UÀæ»PÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ QæAiÉÄAiÀÄ §Ä¢ÞªÀAvÀ ¸ÀA¥ÀPÀð 4. ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀAwPÉAiÀÄ CUÀvÀå«gÀÄªÀ PÁAiÀÄðUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¤ªÀð»¸ÀÄªÀ AiÀÄAvÀæªÀ£ÀÄß ¤«Äð¸ÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ:  ¥ÀæªÉÄÃAiÀÄªÀ£ÀÄß ¸Á©ÃvÀÄ¥Àr¸ÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ  ZÉ¸ï DqÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ  PÉ®ªÀÅ ±À¸ÀÛçaQvÁì PÁAiÀiÁðZÀgÀuÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß AiÉÆÃd£É  mÁæ¦üPï£À°è PÁgÀ£ÀÄß ZÁ®£É ªÀiÁqÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ 5. §Ä¢ÞªAÀ vÀ £ÀqÀª½ À PÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¥Àæz² À ð¸ÀÄªÀ PÉ®ªÀÅ ªÀåªÀ¸ÜÉ AiÀÄ£ÀÄß gÀa¸ÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ, ¸ÀévBÀ ºÉÆ¸À «µÀAiÀÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß PÀ°AiÀÄ§ºÀÄzÀÄ, ¥Àæz² À ð¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ, «ªÀj¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ CzÀgÀ §¼ÀPz É ÁgÀjUÉ ¸À®ºÉ ¤ÃqÀ§ºÀÄzÀÄ. 1.5 Elements of Artificial Intelligence (PÀÈvÀPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛAiÀÄ CA±ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ) : Artificial Intelligence is not just a part of computer science even it’s so vast and requires lots of other factors which can contribute to it. To create the AI first we should know that how intelligence is composed, so the Intelligence is an intangible part of our brain which is a combination of Reasoning, learning, problem-solving perception, language understanding, etc. 16 Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Overview of Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence To achieve the above factors for a machine or software Artificial Intelligence requires the following discipline :  Mathematics  Biology  Psychology  Sociology  Computer Science  Neurons Study  Statistics PÀÈvÀPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛAiÀÄÄ PÉÃªÀ® PÀA¥ÀÆålgï «eÁÕ£ÀzÀ MAzÀÄ ¨sÁUÀªÀ®è, CzÀÄ vÀÄA¨Á «±Á®ªÁVzÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ EzÀPÉÌ PÉÆqÀÄUÉ ¤ÃqÀ§ºÀÄzÁzÀ ºÀ®ªÁgÀÄ EvÀgÀ CA±ÀUÀ¼À CUÀvÀå«gÀÄvÀÛzÉ. AI C£ÀÄß gÀa¸À®Ä ªÉÆzÀ®Ä £ÁªÀÅ §Ä¢ÞªÀAwPÉAiÀÄÄ ºÉÃUÉ ¸ÀAAiÉÆÃf¸À®ànÖzÉ JAzÀÄ w½AiÀÄ¨ÉÃPÀÄ, DzÀÝjAzÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛAiÀÄÄ £ÀªÀÄä ªÉÄzÀÄ½£À MAzÀÄ CªÀÄÆvÀð ¨sÁUÀªÁVzÉ, EzÀÄ vÁQðPÀvÉ, PÀ°PÉ, ¸ÀªÀÄ¸Éå-¥ÀjºÀj¸ÀÄªÀ UÀæ»PÉ, ¨sÁµÁ w¼ÀÄªÀ½PÉ EvÁå¢UÀ¼À ¸ÀAAiÉÆÃd£ÉAiÀiÁVzÉ. AiÀÄAvÀæ CxÀªÁ ¸Á¥sïÖªÉÃgï PÀÈvÀPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛUÉ ªÉÄÃ°£À CA±ÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¸Á¢ü¸À®Ä F PÉ¼ÀV£À ²¸ÀÄÛ CUÀvÀå«zÉ :  UÀtÂvÀ±Á¸ÀÛç  fÃªÀ±Á¸ÀÛç  ¸ÉÊPÁ®f  ¸ÀªÀiÁd±Á¸ÀÛç  UÀtPÀ AiÀÄAvÀæ «eÁÕ£À  £ÀgÀPÉÆÃ±ÀUÀ¼À CzsÀåAiÀÄ£À  CAQCA±ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ Fig. 1.1 : Elements of AI 17 Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Artificial Intelligence Overview of Artificial Intelligence 1.6 Advantages of Artificial Intelligence (PÀÈvÀPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛAiÀÄ ¥ÀæAiÉÆÃd£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ) : Following are some main advantages of Artificial Intelligence:  High Accuracy with less errors : AI machines or systems are prone to less errors and high accuracy as it takes decisions as per pre-experience or information.  High-Speed : AI systems can be of very high-speed and fast-decision making, because of that AI systems can beat a chess champion in the Chess game.  High Reliability : AI machines are highly reliable and can perform the same action multiple times with high accuracy.  Useful for Risky Areas : AI machines can be helpful in situations such as defusing a bomb, exploring the ocean floor, where to employ a human can be risky.  Digital Assistant : AI can be very useful to provide digital assistant to the users such as AI technology is currently used by various E-commerce websites to show the products as per customer requirement.  Useful as a Public Utility : AI can be very useful for public utilities such as a self-driving car which can make our journey safer and hassle-free, facial recognition for security purpose, Natural language processing to communicate with the human in human-language, etc. PÀÈvÀPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛAiÀÄ PÉ®ªÀÅ ªÀÄÄRå C£ÀÄPÀÆ®UÀ¼ÀÄ E°èªÉ :  PÀrªÉÄ zÉÆÃµÀUÀ¼ÉÆA¢UÉ ºÉaÑ£À ¤RgÀvÉ : ¥ÀÆªÀð C£ÀÄ¨sÀªÀ CxÀªÁ ªÀiÁ»wAiÀÄ ¥ÀæPÁgÀ ¤zsÁðgÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß vÉUÉzÀÄPÉÆ¼ÀÄîªÀÅzÀjAzÀ AI AiÀÄAvÀæUÀ¼ÀÄ CxÀªÁ ªÀåªÀ¸ÉÜUÀ¼ÀÄ PÀrªÉÄ zÉÆÃµÀUÀ½UÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ºÉaÑ£À ¤RgÀvÉUÉ UÀÄjAiÀiÁUÀÄvÀÛªÉ.  ºÉÊ-¹àÃqï : AI ªÀåªÀ¸ÉÜUÀ¼ÀÄ Cw ªÉÃUÀzÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÉÃUÀz-À ¤zsÁðgÀ ªÀiÁqÀÄ«PÉ¬ÄAzÀ PÀÆrgÀ§ºÀÄzÀÄ, KPÉAzÀgÉ AI ªÀåªÀ¸ÉÜUÀ¼ÀÄ ZÉ¸ï DlzÀ°è ZÉ¸ï ZÁA¦AiÀÄ£ï C£ÀÄß ¸ÉÆÃ°¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ.  ºÉaÑ£À «±Áé¸ÁºÀðvÉ : AI AiÀÄAvÀæU¼ À ÀÄ ºÉZÀÄÑ «±Áé¸ÁºÀðªÁVgÀÄvÀª Û É ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ºÉa£ Ñ À ¤RgÀvAÉ iÉÆA¢UÉ MAzÉÃ QæAiÉÄAiÀÄ£ÀÄß C£ÉÃPÀ ¨Áj ¤ªÀð»¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ.  C¥ÁAiÀÄPÁj ¥ÀæzÉÃ±ÀUÀ½UÉ G¥ÀAiÀÄÄPÀÛ : AI AiÀÄAvÀæUÀ¼ÀÄ ¨ÁA¨ï ¤¹ÌçAiÀÄUÉÆ½¸ÀÄ«PÉ, ¸ÁUÀgÀ vÀ¼Àª À£ ÀÄß C£ÉéÃ¶¸ÀÄªÀ AvÀºÀ ¸À AzÀ¨sÀð UÀ ¼À°è ¸Àº ÁAiÀÄPÀªÁUÀ§ºÀÄzÀ Ä, C°è ªÀ Ä£ÀÄµÀå£À£ ÀÄß £ÉÃ«Ä¹PÉÆ¼ÀÄîªÀÅzÀÄ C¥ÁAiÀÄPÁj.  rfl¯ï C¹¸ÉÖAmï : AI vÀAvÀæeÁÕ£ ÀªÀ£ÀÄß §¼ÀPÉzÁgÀjUÉ rfl¯ï C¹¸ÉÖAmï MzÀV¸À®Ä §ºÀ¼À G¥ÀAiÀÄÄPÀÛªÁUÀ§ºÀÄzÀÄ, GzÁºÀgÀuUÉ É AI vÀAvÀæeÁÕ£Àª£ À ÀÄß ¥À¸ æ ÄÀ v Û À UÁæºÀPg À À CªÀ±åÀ PÀvU É É C£ÀÄUÀÄtªÁV GvÀà£ÀßUÀ¼À£ ÀÄß vÉÆÃj¸À®Ä ««zsÀ E-PÁªÀÄ¸ïð ªÉ¨ï¸ÉÊmïUÀ¼ÀÄ §¼À¸ÀÄvÀÛªÉ. 18 Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Overview of Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence  ¸ÁªÀðd¤PÀ G¥ÀAiÀÄÄPÀÛvÉAiÀiÁV G¥ÀAiÀÄÄPÀÛªÁVzÉ : ¸ÀéAiÀÄA ZÁ®£Á PÁj£ÀAvÀºÀ ¸ÁªÀðd¤PÀ G¥ÀAiÀÄÄPÀÛvÉUÀ½UÉ AI vÀÄA¨Á G¥ÀAiÀÄÄPÀÛªÁVzÉ, EzÀÄ £ÀªÀÄä ¥ÀæAiÀiÁtªÀ£ÀÄß ¸ÀÄgÀQëvÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ dUÀ¼À ªÀÄÄPÀÛªÁV¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ, ¨sÀzÀævÁ GzÉÝÃ±ÀPÁÌV ªÀÄÄRzÀ UÀÄgÀÄw¸ÀÄ«PÉ, ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀgÀ°è ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀgÉÆA¢UÉ ¸ÀAªÀºÀ£À £ÀqÉ¸À®Ä £ÉÊ¸ÀVðPÀ ¨sÁµÁ ¸ÀA¸ÀÌgÀuÉ- ¨sÁµÉ, EvÁå¢. 1.7 Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence (PÀÈvÀPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛAiÀÄ C£Á£ÀÄPÀÆ®UÀ¼ÀÄ) : Every technology has some disadvantages, and the same goes for Artificial intelligence. Being so advantageous technology still, it has some disadvantages which we need to keep in our mind while creating an AI system. Following are the disadvantages of AI :  High Cost : The hardware and software requirement of AI is very costly as it requires lots of maintenance to meet current world requirements.  Can’t Think out of the Box : Even we are making smarter machines with AI, but still they cannot work out of the box, as the robot will only do that work for which they are trained, or programmed.  No Feelings and Emotions : AI machines can be an outstanding performer, but still it does not have the feeling so it cannot make any kind of emotional attachment with human, and may sometime be harmful for users if the proper care is not taken.  Increase Dependency on Machines : With the increment of technology, people are getting more dependent on devices and hence they are losing their mental capabilities.  No Original Creativity : As humans are so creative and can imagine some new ideas but still AI machines cannot beat this power of human intelligence and cannot be creative and imaginative. ¥ÀæwAiÉÆAzÀÄ vÀAvÀæeÁÕ£ÀªÀÅ PÉ®ªÀÅ C£Á£ÀÄPÀÆ®UÀ¼À£ÀÄß ºÉÆA¢zÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ PÀÈvÀPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛUÉ CzÉÃ ºÉÆÃUÀÄvÀÛzÉ. E£ÀÆß C£ÀÄPÀÆ®PÀgÀ vÀAvÀæeÁÕ£ÀªÁVgÀÄªÀÅzÀjAzÀ, AI ªÀåªÀ¸ÉÜAiÀÄ£ÀÄß gÀa¸ÀÄªÁUÀ £ÁªÀÅ £ÀªÀÄä £É£À¦£À°èlÄÖPÉÆ¼Àî¨ÉÃPÁzÀ PÉ®ªÀÅ C£Á£ÀÄPÀÆ®UÀ¼À£ÀÄß ºÉÆA¢zÉ. AI £À C£Á£ÀÄPÀÆ®UÀ¼ÀÄ F PÉ¼ÀV£ÀAwªÉ:  ºÉaÑ£À ªÉZÀÑ : AI AiÀÄ ºÁqïðªÉÃgï ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸Á¥sïÖªÉÃgï CUÀvÀåªÀÅ vÀÄA¨Á zÀÄ¨ÁjAiÀiÁVzÉ KPÉAzÀgÉ ¥Àæ¸ÀÄÛvÀ ¥Àæ¥ÀAZÀzÀ CªÀ±ÀåPÀvÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¥ÀÆgÉÊ¸À®Ä ¸ÁPÀµÀÄÖ ¤ªÀðºÀuÉ CUÀvÀå«gÀÄvÀÛzÉ.  ¨ÁPïì¤AzÀ ºÉÆgÀUÉ AiÉÆÃa¸À®Ä ¸ÁzsÀå«®è : £ÁªÀÅ AI £ÉÆA¢UÉ ¸Áämïð AiÀÄAvÀæUÀ¼À£ÀÄß vÀAiÀiÁj¸ÀÄwÛzÉÝÃªÉ, DzÀgÉ E£ÀÆß CªÀgÀÄ ¨ÁPïì¤AzÀ ºÉÆgÀUÉ PÉ®¸À ªÀiÁqÀ®Ä ¸ÁzsÀå«®è, KPÉAzÀgÉ gÉÆÃ¨ÉÆÃmï CªÀgÀÄ vÀgÀ¨ÉÃw ¥ÀqÉzÀ CxÀªÁ ¥ÉÆæÃUÁæªÀiï ªÀiÁrzÀ PÉ®¸ÀªÀ£ ÀÄß ªÀiÁvÀæ ªÀiÁqÀÄvÀÛzÉ. 19 Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Artificial Intelligence Overview of Artificial Intelligence  AiÀiÁªÀÅzÉÃ ¨sÁªÀ£ÉUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¨sÁªÀ£ÉUÀ½®è : AI AiÀÄAvÀæUÀ¼ÀÄ CvÀÄåvÀÛªÀÄ ¥ÀæzÀ±Àð£À ¤ÃqÀ§®èªÀÅ, DzÀgÉ E£ÀÆß CzÀÄ ¨sÁªÀ£ÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ºÉÆA¢®è DzÀÝjAzÀ CzÀÄ ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀgÉÆA¢UÉ AiÀiÁªÀÅzÉÃ jÃwAiÀÄ ¨sÁªÀ£ÁvÀäPÀ ¨ÁAzsÀªÀåªÀ£ ÀÄß ªÀiÁqÀ®Ä ¸ÁzsÀå«®è ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀjAiÀiÁzÀ PÁ¼ÀfAiÀÄ£ÀÄß vÉUÉzÀÄPÉÆ¼Àî¢zÀÝgÉ §¼ÀPÉzÁgÀjUÉ PÉ®ªÉÇªÉÄä ºÁ¤PÁgÀPÀªÁUÀ§ºÀÄzÀÄ.  AiÀÄAvÀæUÀ¼À ªÉÄÃ°£À CªÀ®A§£ÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ºÉaÑ¹ : vÀAvÀæeÁÕ£ÀzÀ ºÉZÀÑ¼ÀzÉÆA¢UÉ, d£ÀgÀÄ ¸ÁzsÀ£ÀUÀ¼À ªÉÄÃ¯É ºÉZÀÄÑ CªÀ®A©vÀgÁUÀÄwÛzÁÝgÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ DzÀÝjAzÀ CªÀgÀÄ vÀªÀÄä ªÀiÁ£À¹PÀ ¸ÁªÀÄxÀåðUÀ¼À£ÀÄß PÀ¼ÉzÀÄPÉÆ¼ÀÄîwÛzÁÝgÉ.  ªÀÄÆ® ¸ÀÈd£À²Ã®vÉ E®è : ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀgÄÀ vÀÄA¨Á ¸ÀÈd£À²Ã®gÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ PÉ®ªÀÅ ºÉÆ¸À D¯ÉÆÃZÀ£U É À¼À£ÄÀ ß PÀ°à¹PÉÆ¼Àî§ºÀÄzÀÄ DzÀgÉ E£ÀÆß AI AiÀÄAvÀæUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀAwPÉAiÀÄ F ±ÀQÛAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¸ÉÆÃ°¸À®Ä ¸ÁzsÀå«®è ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀÈd£À²Ã® ªÀÄvÀÄÛ PÁ®à¤PÀªÁVgÀ®Ä ¸ÁzsÀå«®è. 1.8 Programming Without and With Artificial Intelligence (¥ÉÆÃæ UÁæ«ÄAUï E®èzÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ PÀÈvÀPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÄÀ vÉÛ ) : AI is a way of making a computer, a computer-controlled robot, or a software think intelligently, in the similar manner the intelligent humans think. AI is accomplished by studying how human brain thinks, and how humans learn, decide and work while trying to solve a problem and then using the outcomes of this study as a basis of developing intelligent software & systems. Let us understand AI with & without Programming. AI J£ÀÄßªÀÅzÀÄ PÀA¥ÀÆålgï, PÀA¥ÀÆålgï-¤AiÀÄAwævÀ gÉÆÃ¨ÉÆÃmï CxÀªÁ ¸Á¥sïÖªÉÃgï C£ÀÄß §Ä¢ÞªÀAvÀ ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀgÀÄ AiÉÆÃa¸ÀÄªÀ jÃwAiÀÄ°è §Ä¢ÞªÀAwPÉ¬ÄAzÀ AiÉÆÃa¸ÀÄªÀAvÉ ªÀiÁqÀÄªÀ MAzÀÄ ªÀiÁUÀðªÁVzÉ. ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ£À ªÉÄzÀÄ¼ÀÄ ºÉÃUÉ AiÉÆÃa¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀªÀÄ¸ÉåAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¥ÀjºÀj¸À®Ä ¥ÀæAiÀÄwß¸ÀÄªÁUÀ ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀgÀÄ ºÉÃUÉ PÀ°AiÀÄÄvÁÛgÉ, ¤zsð À j¸ÀÄvÁÛgÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ PÉ®¸À ªÀiÁqÀÄvÁÛgÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ §Ä¢ÞªÀAvÀ ¸Á¥sïÖªÉÃgï ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¹¸ÀÖªÀiïUÀ¼À£ÀÄß C©üªÈÀ ¢Þ¥rÀ ¸ÀÄªÀ DzsÁgÀªÁV F CzsÀåAiÀÄ£ÀzÀ ¥sÀ°vÁA±ÀU¼ À £À ÀÄß §¼À¸ÄÀ ªÀÅzÀgÀ ªÀÄÆ®PÀ AI C£ÀÄß ¸Á¢ü¸¯À ÁUÀÄvÀz Û.É ¥ÉÆæÃUÁæ«ÄAUï ªÀÄvÀÄÛ E®èzÉAiÉÄÃ AI C£ÀÄß CxÀðªÀiÁrPÉÆ¼ÉÆîÃt. 1.8.1 Programming Without AI (PÀÈvÀPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛ E®èzÉ ¥ÉÆæÃUÁæ«ÄAUï) :  A Computer program without AI can answer the specific questions it is meant to solve.  Modification in the program leads to change in its structure.  Modification is not quick and easy. It may lead to affecting the program adversely. 20 Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Overview of Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence  AI E®èzÀ PÀA¥ÀÆålgï ¥ÉÆæÃUÁæA CzÀ£ÀÄß ¥ÀjºÀj¸À®Ä GzÉÝÃ²¹gÀÄªÀ ¤¢ðµÀÖ ¥Àæ±ÉßUÀ½UÉ GvÀÛj¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ.  ¥ÉÆæÃUÁæA£À°è£À ªÀiÁ¥ÁðqÀÄ CzÀgÀ gÀZÀ£ÉAiÀÄ°è §zÀ¯ÁªÀuÉUÉ PÁgÀtªÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ.  ªÀiÁ¥ÁðqÀÄ vÀéjvÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀÄ®¨sÀªÀ®.è EzÀÄ PÁAiÀÄðPÀª æ ÄÀ zÀ ªÉÄÃ¯É ¥Àw æ PÀÆ® ¥ÀjuÁªÀÄ ©ÃgÀ§ºÀÄzÀÄ. 1.8.2 Programming with AI (AI eÉÆvÉUÉ ¥ÉÆæÃUÁæ«ÄAUï) :  A computer program with AI can answer the generic questions it is meant to solve.  AI programs can absorb new modifications by putting highly independent pieces of information together.  Hence, you can modify even a minute piece of information of program without affecting its structure.  Quick and easy program modification.  AI AiÉÆA¢V£À PÀA¥ÀÆålgï ¥ÉÆæÃUÁæA CzÀ£ÀÄß ¥ÀjºÀj¸À®Ä GzÉÝÃ²¹gÀÄªÀ ¸ÁªÀiÁ£Àå ¥Àæ±ÉßUÀ½UÉ GvÀÛj¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ.  AI ¥ÉÆæÃUÁæAUÀ¼ÀÄ ºÉZÀÄÑ ¸Àé vÀAvÀæªÁzÀ ªÀiÁ»wAiÀÄ£ÀÄß MnÖUÉ ¸ÉÃj¸ÀÄªÀ ªÀÄÆ®PÀ ºÉÆ¸À ªÀiÁ¥ÁðqÀÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß »ÃjPÉÆ¼Àî§ºÀÄzÀÄ.  DzÀÝjAzÀ, ¤ÃªÀÅ ¥ÉÆÃæ UÁæA£À gÀZ£ À ÉAiÀÄ ªÉÄÃ¯É ¥ÀjuÁªÀÄ ©ÃgÀzAÀ vÉ MAzÀÄ ¤«ÄµÀzÀ ªÀiÁ»wAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ªÀiÁ¥Àðr¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ.  vÀéjvÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀÄ®¨sÀ ¥ÉÆæÃUÁæA ªÀiÁ¥ÁðqÀÄ. 1.9 What is AI Technique ? (AI vÀAvÀæ JAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ ?) :  In the real world, the knowledge has some unwelcomed properties : o Its volume is huge, next to unimaginable. o It is not well-organized or well-formatted. o It keeps changing constantly.  AI technique is a manner to organize and us the knowledge efficiently in such a way that : o It should be perceivable by the people who provide it. o It should be easily modifiable to correct errors. o It should be useful in many situations though it is incomplete or inaccurate. 21 Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Artificial Intelligence Overview of Artificial Intelligence  £ÉÊd dUÀwÛ£À°è, eÁÕ£ÀªÀÅ PÉ®ªÀÅ C£À¥ÉÃQëvÀ UÀÄt®PÀëtUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ºÉÆA¢zÉ : o CzÀgÀ ¥ÀjªÀiÁtªÀÅ zÉÆqÀØzÁVzÉ, HºÉUÉ ¤®ÄPÀzÀ ¥ÀPÀÌzÀ°èzÉ. o EzÀÄ GvÀÛªÀÄªÁV ¸ÀAWÀnvÀªÁV®è CxÀªÁ GvÀÛªÀÄªÁV ¥sÁªÀiÁåðmï ªÀiÁqÀ¯ÁV®è. o EzÀÄ ¤gÀAvÀgÀªÁV §zÀ¯ÁUÀÄwÛgÀÄvÀÛzÉ.  AI vÀAvÀæªÀÅ ¸ÀAWÀn¸À®Ä MAzÀÄ «zsÁ£ÀªÁVzÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ £ÀªÀÄUÉ eÁÕ£ÀªÀ£ÀÄß ¸ÀªÀÄxÀðªÁV D jÃwAiÀÄ°è : o CzÀ£ÀÄß MzÀV¸ÀÄªÀ d£ÀjAzÀ UÀæ»¸ÀÄªÀAvÁUÀ¨ÉÃPÀÄ. o zÉÆÃµÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¸Àj¥Àr¸À®Ä EzÀÄ ¸ÀÄ®¨sÀªÁV ªÀiÁ¥Àðr¸À§ºÀÄzÁzÀAwgÀ¨ÉÃPÀÄ. o EzÀÄ C¥ÀÆtð CxÀªÁ ¤RgÀªÁV®è¢zÀÝgÀÆ C£ÉÃPÀ ¸ÀAzÀ¨ð sÀ UÀ¼° À è G¥ÀAiÀÄÄPÀª Û ÁVgÀ¨ÉÃPÀÄ. 1.10 History of Artificial Intelligence (PÀÈvÀPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛAiÀÄ EwºÁ¸À) : Artificial Intelligence is not a new word and not a new technology for researchers. This technology is much older than you would imagine. Even there are the myths of Mechanical men in Ancient Greek and Egyptian Myths. Following are some milestones in the history of AI which defines the journey from the AI generation to till date development. Dnð¦ü¶AiÀÄ¯ï EAmÉ°eÉ£ïì JA§ÄzÀÄ ºÉÆ¸À ¥ÀzÀªÀ®è ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀA±ÉÆÃzsÀPÀjUÉ ºÉÆ¸À vÀAvÀæeÁÕ£ÀªÀ®è. F vÀAvÀæeÁÕ£ÀªÀÅ ¤ÃªÀÅ H»¸ÀÄªÀÅzÀQÌAvÀ ºÉZÀÄÑ ºÀ¼ÉAiÀÄzÀÄ. ¥ÁæaÃ£À VæÃPï ªÀÄvÀÄÛ Ff¦Ö£À ¥ÀÄgÁtUÀ¼À°è AiÀiÁAwæPÀ ¥ÀÄgÀÄµÀgÀ ¥ÀÄgÁtUÀ½ªÉ. AI AiÀÄ EwºÁ¸ÀzÀ°è PÉ®ªÀÅ ªÉÄÊ°UÀ®ÄèUÀ¼ÀÄ F PÉ¼ÀV£ÀAwªÉ, EzÀÄ AI ¦Ã½UÉ¬ÄAzÀ E°èAiÀÄªÀgÉV£À C©üªÀÈ¢ÞAiÀÄªÀgÉV£À ¥ÀæAiÀiÁtªÀ£ÀÄß ªÁåSÁå¤¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ. Fig. 1.2 : AI Time line 22 Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Overview of Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence Maturation of Artificial Intelligence (1943-1952) : o Year 1943 : The first work which is now recognized as AI was done by Warren McCulloch and Walter pits in 1943. They proposed a model of artificial neurons. o Year 1949 : Donald Hebb demonstrated an updating rule for modifying the connection strength between neurons. His rule is now called Hebbian learning. o Year 1950 : The Alan Turing who was an English mathematician and pioneered Machine learning in 1950. Alan Turing publishes “Computing Machinery and Intelligence” in which he proposed a test. The test can check the machine’s ability to exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to human intelligence, called a Turing test. The Birth of Artificial Intelligence (1952-1956) : o Year 1955 : An Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon created the “first artificial intelligence program” which was named as “Logic Theorist”. This program had proved 38 of 52 Mathematics theorems, and find new and more elegant proofs for some theorems. o Year 1956 : The word “Artificial Intelligence” first adopted by American Computer scientist John McCarthy at the Dartmouth Conference. For the first time, AI coined as an academic field. At that time high-level computer languages such as FORTRAN, LISP, or COBOL were invented. And the enthusiasm for AI was very high at that time. The Golden Years-Early Enthusiasm (1956-1974) : o Year 1966 : The researchers emphasized developing algorithms which can solve mathematical problems. Joseph Weizenbaum created the first chatbot in 1966, which was named as ELIZA. o Year 1972 : The first intelligent humanoid robot was built in Japan which was named as WABOT-1. The First AI Winter (1974-1980) : o The duration between years 1974 to 1980 was the first AI winter duration. AI winter refers to the time period where computer scientist dealt with a severe shortage of funding from government for AI researches. o During AI winters, an interest of publicity on artificial intelligence was decreased. 23 Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Artificial Intelligence Overview of Artificial Intelligence A boom of AI (1980-1987) : o Year 1980 : After AI winter duration, AI came back with “Expert System”. Expert systems were programmed that emulate the decision-making ability of a human expert. o In the Year 1980, the first national conference of the American Association of Artificial Intelligence was held at Stanford University. The second AI winter (1987-1993) : o The duration between the years 1987 to 1993 was the second AI Winter duration. o Again Investors and government stopped in funding for AI research as due to high cost but not efficient result. The expert system such as XCON was very cost effective. The emergence of intelligent agents (1993-2011) : o Year 1997 : In the year 1997, IBM Deep Blue beats world chess champion, Gary Kasparov, and became the first computer to beat a world chess champion. o Year 2002 : For the first time, AI entered the home in the form of Roomba, a vacuum cleaner. o Year 2006 : AI came in the Business world till the year 2006. Companies like Facebook, Twitter, and Netflix also started using AI. Deep learning, big data and artificial general intelligence (2011-present) : o Year 2011 : In the year 2011, IBM’s Watson won jeopardy, a quiz show, where it had to solve the complex questions as well as riddles. Watson had proved that it could understand natural language and can solve tricky questions quickly. o Year 2012 : Google has launched an Android app feature “Google now”, which was able to provide information to the user as a prediction. o Year 2014 : In the year 2014, Chatbot “Eugene Goostman” won a competition in the infamous “Turing test.” o Year 2018 : The “Project Debater” from IBM debated on complex topics with two master debaters and also performed extremely well. PÀÈvÀPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛAiÀÄ ¥ÀPÀévÉ (1943-1952) : o ªÀµÀð 1943 : FUÀ AI JAzÀÄ UÀÄgÀÄw¸À®ànÖgÀÄªÀ ªÉÆzÀ® PÉ®¸ÀªÀ£ÀÄß 1943 gÀ°è ªÁgÉ£ï ªÉÄPïPÀÄ¯ÉÆÃZï ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÁ®Ögï ¦mïì ªÀiÁrzÀgÀÄ. CªÀgÀÄ PÀÈvÀPÀ £ÀÆågÁ£ïUÀ¼À ªÀiÁzÀjAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¥Àæ¸ÁÛ¦¹zÀgÀÄ. 24 Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Overview of Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence o ªÀµÀð 1949 : qÉÆ£Á¯ïØ ºÉ¨ï £ÀÆågÁ£ïUÀ¼À £ÀqÀÄ«£À ¸ÀA¥ÀPÀðzÀ §®ªÀ£ÀÄß ªÀiÁ¥Àðr¸À®Ä £À«ÃPÀj¸ÀÄªÀ ¤AiÀÄªÀÄªÀ£ÀÄß ¥Àz æ À²ð¹zÀgÀÄ. CªÀgÀ DqÀ½vÀªÀ£ÀÄß FUÀ ºÉ©âAiÀÄ£ï PÀ°PÉ JAzÀÄ PÀgÉAiÀÄ¯ÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ. o ªÀµÀð 1950 : C®£ï lÆåjAUï CªÀgÀÄ EAVèµï UÀtÂvÀ±Á¸ÀÛçdÕgÁVzÀÝgÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ 1950 gÀ°è AiÀÄAvÀæ PÀ°PÉAiÀÄ ¥ÀæªÀvÀðPÀgÁVzÀÝgÀÄ. C®£ï lÆåjAUï CªÀgÀÄ “PÀA¥ÀÆånAUï ªÉÄ¶£Àj ªÀÄvÀÄÛ EAmÉ°eÉ£ïì” C£ÀÄß ¥ÀæPÀn¹zÀgÀÄ, CzÀgÀ°è CªÀgÀÄ ¥ÀjÃPÉëAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¥Àæ¸ÁÛ¦¹zÀgÀÄ. lÆåjAUï ¥ÀjÃPÉë JAzÀÄ PÀgÉAiÀÄ®àqÀÄªÀ ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛUÉ ¸ÀªÀiÁ£ÀªÁzÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀAvÀ £ÀqÀªÀ½PÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¥ÀæzÀ²ð¸ÀÄªÀ AiÀÄAvÀæzÀ ¸ÁªÀÄxÀåðªÀ£ÀÄß ¥ÀjÃPÉëAiÀÄÄ ¥Àj²Ã°¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ. PÀÈvÀPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛAiÀÄ d£À£À (1952-1956) : o ªÀµÀð 1955 : C¯É£ï £ÉªÉ¯ï ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ºÀ§ðmïð J. ¸ÉÊªÀÄ£ï “ªÉÆzÀ® PÀÈvÀPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛ PÁAiÀÄðPÀæªÀÄ”ªÀ£ÀÄß gÀa¹zÀgÀÄ, EzÀ£ÀÄß “¯ÁfPï yAiÀÄj¸ïÖ” JAzÀÄ ºÉ¸Àj¸À¯Á¬ÄvÀÄ. F ¥ÉÆæÃUÁæA 52 UÀtÂvÀzÀ ¥ÀæªÉÄÃAiÀÄUÀ¼À°è 38 C£ÀÄß ¸Á©ÃvÀÄ¥Àr¹zÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ PÉ®ªÀÅ ¥ÀæªÉÄÃAiÀÄUÀ½UÉ ºÉÆ¸À ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ºÉZÀÄÑ ¸ÉÆUÀ¸ÁzÀ ¥ÀÄgÁªÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß PÀAqÀÄPÉÆArzÉ. o ªÀµÀð 1956 : “Dnð¦ü²AiÀÄ¯ï EAmÉ°eÉ£ïì” JA§ ¥ÀzÀª£ À ÄÀ ß ªÉÆzÀ®Ä qÁmËäðvï ¸ÀªÉÄäÃ¼À£z À ° À è CªÉÄÃjPÀ£ï PÀA¥ÀÆålgï «eÁÕ¤ eÁ£ï ªÉÄPÁyð C¼ÀªÀr¹PÉÆAqÀgÀÄ. ªÉÆzÀ® ¨ÁjUÉ, AI ±ÉÊPÀëtÂPÀ PÉëÃvÀæªÁV gÀÆ¥ÀÄUÉÆArvÀÄ. D ¸ÀªÀÄAiÀÄzÀ°è FORTRAN, LISP, CxÀªÁ COBOL £ÀAvÀºÀ G£ÀßvÀ ªÀÄlÖzÀ PÀA¥ÀÆålgï ¨sÁµÉUÀ¼À£ ÀÄß PÀAqÀÄ»rAiÀÄ¯Á¬ÄvÀÄ. ªÀÄvÀÄÛ D ¸ÀªÀÄAiÀÄzÀ°è AI UÁV GvÁìºÀªÀÅ vÀÄA¨Á ºÉaÑvÀÄÛ. ¸ÀÄªÀtð ªÀµÀðUÀ¼ÀÄ-DgÀA©üPÀ GvÁìºÀ (1956-1974) : o ªÀµÀð 1966: ¸ÀA±ÉÆÃzsÀPg À ÄÀ UÀtv Â z À À ¸ÀªÄÀ ¸ÉåUÀ¼£ À ÀÄß ¥ÀjºÀj¸ÀÄªÀ C¯ÁÎjzÀªiÀ ïUÀ¼£ À ÄÀ ß C©üªÀÈ¢Þ¥r À ¸À®Ä MvÀÄÛ ¤ÃrzÀgÀÄ. eÉÆÃ¸É¥sï ªÉÊeÉ£ï¨ÁªÀiï 1966 gÀ°è ªÉÆzÀ® ZÁmï¨Ámï C£ÀÄß gÀa¹zÀgÀÄ, EzÀ£ÀÄß J°eÁ JAzÀÄ ºÉ¸Àj¸À¯Á¬ÄvÀÄ. o ªÀµÀð 1972: ªÉÆzÀ® §Ä¢ÞªÀAvÀ ºÀÄªÀÄ£ÁAiÀiïØ gÉÆÃ¨ÉÆÃmï C£ÀÄß d¥Á£ï£À°è ¤«Äð¸À¯Á¬ÄvÀÄ, EzÀ£ÀÄß WABOT-1 JAzÀÄ ºÉ¸Àj¸À¯Á¬ÄvÀÄ. ªÉÆzÀ® AI ZÀ½UÁ® (1974-1980) : o 1974 jAzÀ 1980 gÀ £ÀqÀÄ«£À CªÀ¢üAiÀÄÄ ªÉÆzÀ® AI ZÀ½UÁ®zÀ CªÀ¢üAiÀiÁVzÉ. AI ZÀ½UÁ®ªÀÅ PÀA¥ÀÆålgï «eÁÕ¤UÀ¼ÀÄ AI ¸ÀA±ÉÆÃzsÀ£ ÉUÀ½UÉ ¸ÀPÁðgÀ¢AzÀ ºÀtPÁ¹£À wÃªÀæ PÉÆgÀvÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß JzÀÄj¹zÀ CªÀ¢üAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¸ÀÆa¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ. o AI ZÀ½UÁ®zÀ°è, PÀÈvÀPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛAiÀÄ §UÉÎ ¥ÀæZÁgÀzÀ D¸ÀQÛ PÀrªÉÄAiÀiÁ¬ÄvÀÄ. J §ÆªÀiï D¥sï AI (1980-1987) : o ªÀµÀð 1980 : AI ZÀ½UÁ®zÀ CªÀ¢üAiÀÄ £ÀAvÀgÀ, AI “JPïì¥Àmïð ¹¸Àª Ö Àiï”£ÉÆA¢UÉ »AwgÀÄVvÀÄ. ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ vÀdÕgÀ ¤zsÁðgÀ vÉUÉzÀÄPÉÆ¼ÀÄîªÀ ¸ÁªÀÄxÀåðªÀ£ÀÄß C£ÀÄPÀj¸ÀÄªÀ ¥ÀjtÂvÀ ªÀåªÀ¸ÉÜU¼ À À£ÀÄß ¥ÉÆæÃUÁæªÀiï ªÀiÁqÀ¯ÁVzÉ. 25 Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Artificial Intelligence Overview of Artificial Intelligence o 1980 gÀ°è, CªÉÄÃjPÀ£ï C¸ÉÆÃ¹AiÉÄÃµÀ£ï D¥sï Dnð¦ü²AiÀÄ¯ï EAmÉ°eÉ£ïì£À ªÉÆzÀ® gÁ¶ÖçÃAiÀÄ ¸ÀªÉÄäÃ¼À£ÀªÀ£ÀÄß ¸ÁÖöå£ï¥sÉÆÃqïð «±Àé«zÁå®AiÀÄzÀ°è £ÀqÉ¸À¯Á¬ÄvÀÄ. JgÀqÀ£ÉÃ AI ZÀ½UÁ® (1987-1993) : o 1987 jAzÀ 1993 gÀ £ÀqÀÄ«£À CªÀ¢üAiÀÄÄ JgÀqÀ£ÉÃ AI ZÀ½UÁ®zÀ CªÀ¢üAiÀiÁVzÉ. o ªÀÄvÉÛ ºÀÆrPÉzÁgÀgÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀPÁðgÀªÀÅ ºÉaÑ£À ªÉZÀÑzÀ PÁgÀt¢AzÀ AI ¸ÀA±ÉÆÃzsÀ£ÉUÉ ºÀtªÀ£ÀÄß ¤°è¹vÀÄ DzÀgÉ ¥ÀjuÁªÀÄPÁj ¥sÀ°vÁA±À«®è. XCON £ÀAvÀºÀ ¥ÀjtÂvÀ ªÀåªÀ¸ÉÜAiÀÄÄ vÀÄA¨Á ªÉZÀÑzÁAiÀÄPÀªÁVvÀÄÛ. §Ä¢ÞªÀAvÀ KeÉAmïUÀ¼À ºÉÆgÀºÉÆªÀÄÄä«PÉ (1993-2011) : o ªÀµÀð 1997 : 1997 gÀ°è, IBM rÃ¥ï §Æè «±Àé ZÉ¸ï ZÁA¦AiÀÄ£ï UÁåj PÁ¸ÀàgÉÆÃªï CªÀgÀ£ÀÄß ¸ÉÆÃ°¹vÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ «±Àé ZÉ¸ï ZÁA¦AiÀÄ£ï C£ÀÄß ¸ÉÆÃ°¹zÀ ªÉÆzÀ® PÀA¥ÀÆålgï D¬ÄvÀÄ. o ªÀµÀð 2002 : ªÉÆzÀ® ¨ÁjUÉ, gÀÆA¨Á, ªÁåPÀÆåªÀiï QèÃ£Àgï gÀÆ¥ÀzÀ°è AI ªÀÄ£ÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¥ÀæªÉÃ²¹vÀÄ. o ªÀµÀð 2006 : 2006 gÀªÀgÉUÀÆ AI ªÁå¥ÁgÀ dUÀwÛ£À°è §A¢vÀÄ. Facebook, Twitter ªÀÄvÀÄÛ Netflix £ÀAvÀºÀ PÀA¥À¤UÀ¼ÀÄ AI C£ÀÄß §¼À¸À®Ä ¥ÁægÀA©ü¹zÀªÀÅ. D¼ÀªÁzÀ PÀ°PÉ, zÉÆqÀØ qÉÃmÁ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ PÀÈvÀPÀ ¸ÁªÀiÁ£Àå §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛ (2011-EA¢£ÀªÀgÉUÉ) : o ªÀµÀð 2011 : 2011 gÀ°è, IBM £À ªÁålì£ï eÉ¥Àrð, gÀ¸À¥Àæ±Éß PÁAiÀÄðPÀæªÀÄªÀ£ÀÄß UÉzÀÝgÀÄ, C°è CzÀÄ ¸ÀAQÃtðªÁzÀ ¥Àæ±ÉßUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ªÀÄvÀÄÛ MUÀlÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¥ÀjºÀj¸À¨ÉÃPÁVvÀÄÛ. ªÁålì£ï CªÀgÀÄ £ÉÊ¸ÀVðPÀ ¨sÁµÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß CxÀðªÀiÁrPÉÆ¼Àî§®ègÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ næQ ¥Àæ±ÉßUÀ¼À£ÀÄß vÀéjvÀªÁV ¥ÀjºÀj¸À§®ègÀÄ JAzÀÄ ¸Á©ÃvÀÄ¥Àr¹zÀgÀÄ. o ªÀµÀð 2012 : UÀÆUÀ¯ï DAqÁæAiÀiïØ C¦èPÉÃ±À£ï ªÉÊ²µÀÖöåªÀ£ÀÄß “UÀÆUÀ¯ï £Ë” C£ÀÄß ¥ÁægÀA©ü¹zÉ, EzÀÄ §¼ÀPÉzÁgÀjUÉ ªÀÄÄ£ÀÆìZÀ£ ÉAiÀÄAvÉ ªÀiÁ»wAiÀÄ£ÀÄß MzÀV¸À®Ä ¸ÁzsÀåªÁ¬ÄvÀÄ. o ªÀµÀð 2014 : 2014 gÀ°è, ZÁmï¨Ámï “AiÀÄÄfÃ£ï UÀÆ¸ïÖªÀiÁå£ï” PÀÄSÁåvÀ “lÆåjAUï ¥ÀjÃPÉëAiÀÄ°è” ¸Àz à sÉðAiÀÄ£ÀÄß UÉzÀÝgÀÄ. o ªÀµÀð 2018 : IBM ¤AzÀ “¥ÁæeÉPïÖ r¨ÉÃlgï” E§âgÀÄ ªÀiÁ¸ÀÖgï r¨ÉÃlgïUÀ¼ÉÆA¢UÉ ¸ÀAQÃtð «µÀAiÀÄUÀ¼À PÀÄjvÀÄ ZÀZÉð £ÀqÉ¹vÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ GvÀÛªÄÀ ªÁV PÁAiÀÄð¤ªÀð»¹vÀÄ. 1.11 Types of Artificial Intelligence (PÀÈvÀPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛAiÀÄ «zsU À À¼ÀÄ) : Artificial Intelligence can be divided in various types, there are mainly two types of main categorization which are based on capabilities and based on functionally of AI. Following is flow diagram which explain the types of AI. 26 Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Overview of Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence PÀÈvÀPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ««zsÀ ¥ÀæPÁgÀUÀ¼À°è «AUÀr¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ, ªÀÄÄRåªÁV JgÀqÀÄ «zsÀzÀ ªÀÄÄRå ªÀVÃðPÀgÀtUÀ½ªÉ, CªÀÅUÀ¼ÀÄ ¸ÁªÀÄxÀåðUÀ¼À£ÀÄß DzsÀj¹ªÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ AI AiÀÄ QæAiÀiÁvÀäPÀvÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß DzsÀj¹ªÉ. AI ¥ÀæPÁgÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß «ªÀj¸ÀÄªÀ ºÀj«£À gÉÃSÁavÀæªÀÅ F PÉ¼ÀV£ÀAwzÉ. Fig. 1.3 : Types of AI 1.11.1 AI type-1 : Based on Capabilities (¸ÁªÀÄxÀåðUÀ¼À DzsÁgÀzÀ ªÉÄÃ¯É) : 1. Weak AI or Narrow AI (zÀÄ§ð® AI CxÀªÁ QjzÁzÀ AI) :  Narrow AI is a type of AI which is able to perform a dedicated task with intelligence.The most common and currently available AI is Narrow AI in the world of Artificial Intelligence.  Narrow AI cannot perform beyond its field or limitations, as it is only trained for one specific task. Hence it is also termed as weak AI. Narrow AI can fail in unpredictable ways if it goes beyond its limits.  Apple Siri is a good example of Narrow AI, but it operates with a limited pre-defined range of functions.  IBM’s Watson supercomputer also comes under Narrow AI, as it uses an Expert system approach combined with Machine learning and natural language processing.  Some Examples of Narrow AI are playing chess, purchasing suggestions on e-commerce site, self-driving cars, speech recognition, and image recognition.  £ÁågÉÆÃ AI J£ÀÄßªÀÅzÀÄ MAzÀÄ jÃwAiÀÄ AI DVzÀÄÝ CzÀÄ §Ä¢ÞªÀAwPÉAiÉÆA¢UÉ «ÄÃ¸À¯ÁzÀ PÉ®¸ÀªÀ£ÀÄß ¤ªÀð»¸À®Ä ¸ÁzsÀåªÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ. PÀÈvÀPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛAiÀÄ dUÀwÛ£° À è CvÀåAvÀ ¸ÁªÀiÁ£ÀåªÁzÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¥Àæ¸ÀÄÛvÀ ®¨sÀå«gÀÄªÀ AI £ÁågÉÆÃ AI DVzÉ. 27 Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Artificial Intelligence Overview of Artificial Intelligence  QjzÁzÀ AI vÀ£Àß PÉëÃvÀæ CxÀªÁ «ÄwUÀ¼À£ÀÄß «ÄÃj PÁAiÀÄð¤ªÀð»¸À®Ä ¸ÁzsÀå«®è, KPÉAzÀgÉ EzÀÄ MAzÀÄ ¤¢ðµÀÖ PÁAiÀÄðPÁÌV ªÀiÁvÀæ vÀgÀ¨ÉÃw ¥ÀqÉ¢zÉ. DzÀÝjAzÀ EzÀ£ÀÄß zÀÄ§ð® AI JAzÀÆ PÀgÉAiÀÄÄvÁÛgÉ. QjzÁzÀ AI vÀ£Àß «ÄwUÀ¼À£ÀÄß «ÄÃj ºÉÆÃzÀgÉ C¤jÃQëvÀ jÃwAiÀÄ°è «¥sÀ®ªÁUÀ§ºÀÄzÀÄ.  D¥À¯ï ¹j £ÁågÉÆÃ JLUÉ GvÀÛªÀÄ GzÁºÀgÀuÉAiÀiÁVzÉ, DzÀgÉ EzÀÄ ¹Ã«ÄvÀ ¥ÀÆªÀð- ¤zsÀðjvÀ ±ÉæÃtÂAiÀÄ PÁAiÀÄðUÀ¼ÉÆA¢UÉ PÁAiÀÄð¤ªÀð »¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ.  IBM £À ªÁålì£ ï ¸ÀÆ¥ÀgïPÀA¥ÀÆålgï £ÁågÉÆÃ AI CrAiÀÄ°è §gÀÄvÀÛzÉ, KPÉAzÀgÉ EzÀÄ AiÀÄAvÀæ PÀ°PÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ £ÉÊ¸ÀVðPÀ ¨sÁµÁ ¸ÀA¸ÀÌgÀuÉAiÉÆA¢UÉ ¸ÀAAiÉÆÃf¸À®àlÖ ¥ÀjtÂvÀ ¹¸ÀÖªÀiï «zsÁ£ÀªÀ£ÀÄß §¼À¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ.  £ÁågÉÆÃ AI AiÀÄ PÉ®ªÀÅ GzÁºÀgÀuÉUÀ¼ÀÄ ZÉ¸ï DqÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ, E-PÁªÀÄ¸ïð ¸ÉÊmï£À°è ¸À®ºÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß RjÃ¢¸ÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ, ¸ÀéAiÀÄA-ZÁ®£Á PÁgÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ, ¨sÁµÀt UÀÄgÀÄw¸ÀÄ«PÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ EªÉÄÃeï UÀÄgÀÄw¸ÀÄ«PÉ. 2. General AI (d£ÀgÀ¯ï AI) :  General AI is a type of intelligence which could perform any intellectual task with efficiency like a human.  The idea behind the general AI to make such a system which could be smarter and think like a human by its own.  Currently, there is no such system exist which could come under general AI and can perform any task as perfect as a human.  The worldwide researchers are now focused on developing machines with General AI.  As systems with general AI are still under research, and it will take lots of efforts and time to develop such systems.  ¸ÁªÀiÁ£Àå AI JA§ÄzÀÄ MAzÀÄ jÃwAiÀÄ §Ä¢ÞªÄÀ vÉÛAiÀiÁVzÀÄÝ CzÀÄ AiÀiÁªÀÅzÉÃ ¨Ë¢ÞPÀ PÁAiÀÄðªÀ£ÄÀ ß ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ£ÀAvÉ zÀPÀëvÉ¬ÄAzÀ ¤ªÀð »¸À§®èzÀÄ.  ¸ÁªÀiÁ£Àå AI AiÀÄ »A¢£À PÀ®à£ÉAiÀÄÄ CAvÀºÀ ªÀåªÀ¸ÉÜAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¸Áämïð DUÀ§®è ªÀÄvÀÄÛ vÀ£ÀßzÉÃ DzÀ jÃwAiÀÄ°è ªÀÄ£ÀÄµÀå£ÀAvÉ AiÉÆÃa¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ.  ¥Àæ¸ÀÄÛvÀ, ¸ÁªÀiÁ£Àå AI CrAiÀÄ°è §gÀÄªÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ£ÀAvÉ ¥Àj¥ÀÆtðªÁzÀ AiÀiÁªÀÅzÉÃ PÁAiÀÄðªÀ£ ÀÄß ¤ªÀð»¸À§ºÀÄzÁzÀAvÀºÀ AiÀiÁªÀÅzÉÃ ªÀåªÀ¸ÉÜAiÀÄÄ C¹ÛvÀézÀ°è®è.  «±ÁézÀåAvÀ ¸ÀA±ÉÆÃzsÀPÀgÀÄ FUÀ d£ÀgÀ¯ï AI AiÉÆA¢UÉ AiÀÄAvÀæUÀ¼À£ÀÄß C©üªÀÈ¢Þ¥Àr¸ÀÄªÀvÀÛ UÀªÀÄ£ÀºÀj¹zÁÝgÉ.  ¸ÁªÀiÁ£Àå AI AiÉÆA¢V£À ªÀåªÀ¸ÉÜUÀ¼ÀÄ E£ÀÆß ¸ÀA±ÉÆÃzsÀ£ÉAiÀÄ°èzÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ CAvÀºÀ ªÀåªÀ¸ÉÜUÀ¼À£ÀÄß C©üªÀÈ¢Þ¥Àr¸À®Ä ¸ÁPÀµÀÄÖ ¥ÀæAiÀÄvÀßUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀªÀÄAiÀÄªÀ£ÀÄß vÉUÉzÀÄPÉÆ¼ÀÄîvÀÛzÉ. 28 Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Overview of Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence 3. Super AI (¸ÀÆ¥Àgï AI) :  Super AI is a level of Intelligence of Systems at which machines could surpass human intelligence, and can perform any task better than human with cognitive properties. It is an outcome of general AI.  Some key characteristics of strong AI include capability include the ability to think, to reason,solve the puzzle, make judgments, plan, learn, and communicate by its own.  Super AI is still a hypothetical concept of Artificial Intelligence. Development of such systems in real is still world changing task.  ¸ÀÆ¥Àgï AI J£ÀÄßªÀÅzÀÄ ¹¸ÀÖªiÀ ïUÀ¼À §Ä¢ÞªÀAwPÉAiÀÄ ªÀÄlÖªÁVzÀÄÝ, EzÀgÀ°è AiÀÄAvÀæUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ£À §Ä¢ÞªÀAwPÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß «ÄÃj¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ Cj«£À UÀÄt®PÀt ë UÀ¼ÉÆA¢UÉ ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ¤VAvÀ GvÀÛªÀÄªÁV AiÀiÁªÀÅzÉÃ PÉ®¸ÀªÀ£ÀÄß ªÀiÁqÀ§ºÀÄzÀÄ. EzÀÄ ¸ÁªÀiÁ£Àå AI AiÀÄ ¥sÀ°vÁA±ÀªÁVzÉ.  §®ªÁzÀ AI AiÀÄ PÉ®ªÀÅ ¥ÀæªÀÄÄR UÀÄt®PÀëtUÀ¼ÀÄ ¸ÁªÀÄxÀåðUÀ¼À£ÀÄß M¼ÀUÉÆArªÉ, D¯ÉÆÃa¸ÀÄªÀ, vÁQðPÀUÉÆ½¸ÀÄªÀ, MUÀlÄ ¥ÀjºÀj¸ÀÄªÀ, wÃ¥ÀÄð ªÀiÁqÀÄªÀ, AiÉÆÃf¸ÀÄªÀ, PÀ°AiÀÄÄªÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ vÀ£ÀßzÉÃ DzÀ ªÀÄÆ®PÀ ¸ÀAªÀºÀ£À ªÀiÁqÀÄªÀ ¸ÁªÀÄxÀåðªÀ£ÀÄß M¼ÀUÉÆArgÀÄvÀÛzÉ.  ¸ÀÆ¥Àgï AI E£ÀÆß PÀÈvÀPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉAÛ iÀÄ PÁ®à¤PÀ ¥ÀjPÀ®£ à ÉAiÀiÁVzÉ. CAvÀºÀ ªÀåª¸ À ÜÉ UÀ¼À C©üªÈÀ ¢ÞAiÀÄÄ E£ÀÆß dUÀvÀÛ£ÀÄß §zÀ¯Á¬Ä¸ÀÄªÀ PÁAiÀÄðªÁVzÉ. Fig. 1.4 : Types of AI based on capability 1.11.2 Artificial Intelligence type-2 : Based on Functionality (PÀÈvÀPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛ mÉÊ¥ï-2 : QæAiÀiÁvÀäPÀvÉAiÀÄ DzsÁgÀzÀ ªÉÄÃ¯É) : 1. Reactive Machines (¥ÀæwQæAiÀiÁvÀäPÀ AiÀÄAvÀæUÀ¼ÀÄ) :  Purely reactive machines are the most basic types of Artificial Intelligence.  Such AI systems do not store memories or past experiences for future actions. 29 Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Artificial Intelligence Overview of Artificial Intelligence  These machines only focus on current scenarios and react on it as per possible best action.  IBM’s Deep Blue system is an example of reactive machines.  Google’s AlphaGo is also an example of reactive machines.  ¸ÀA¥ÀÆtðªÁV ¥ÀæwQæAiÀiÁvÀäPÀ AiÀÄAvÀæUÀ¼ÀÄ PÀÈvÀPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛAiÀÄ ªÀÄÆ®¨sÀÆvÀ ¥ÀæPÁgÀUÀ¼ÁVªÉ.  EAvÀºÀ AI ªÀåªÀ¸ÉÜUÀ¼ÀÄ ¨sÀ«µÀåzÀ QæAiÉÄUÀ½UÁV £É£À¥ÀÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß CxÀªÁ »A¢£À C£ÀÄ¨sÀªÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¸ÀAUÀæ»¸ÀÄªÀÅ¢®è.  F AiÀÄAvÀæUÀ¼ÀÄ ¥Àæ¸ÀÄÛvÀ ¸À¤ßªÉÃ±ÀUÀ¼À ªÉÄÃ¯É ªÀiÁvÀæ PÉÃA¢æÃPÀj¸ÀÄvÀÛªÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÁzsÀåªÁzÀµÀÄÖ GvÀÛªÀÄ QæAiÉÄAiÀÄAvÉ CzÀgÀ ªÉÄÃ¯É ¥ÀæwQæ¬Ä¸ÀÄvÀÛªÉ.  IBM £À rÃ¥ï §Æè ¹¸ÀÖªÀiï ¥ÀæwQæAiÀiÁvÀäPÀ AiÀÄAvÀæUÀ½UÉ MAzÀÄ GzÁºÀgÀuÉAiÀiÁVzÉ.  Google £À AlphaGo PÀÆqÀ ¥ÀæwQæAiÀiÁvÀäPÀ AiÀÄAvÀæUÀ½UÉ GzÁºÀgÀuÉAiÀiÁVzÉ. 2. Limited Memory (¹Ã«ÄvÀ ªÉÄªÉÆj) :  Limited memory machines can store past experiences or some data for a short period of time.  These machines can use stored data for a limited time period only.  Self-driving cars are one of the best examples of Limited Memory systems. These cars can store recent speed of nearby cars, the distance of other cars, speed limit, and other information to navigate the road.  ¹Ã«ÄvÀ ªÉÄªÉÆj AiÀÄAvÀæUÀ¼ÀÄ »A¢£À C£ÀÄ¨sÀªÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß CxÀªÁ PÉ®ªÀÅ qÉÃmÁªÀ£ÀÄß C¯ÁàªÀ¢üUÉ ¸ÀAUÀæ»¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ.  F AiÀÄAvÀæUÀ¼ÀÄ ¸ÀAUÀæ»vÀ qÉÃmÁªÀ£ ÀÄß ¹Ã«ÄvÀ CªÀ¢üUÉ ªÀiÁvÀæ §¼À¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ.  ¸ÀéAiÀÄA ZÁ®£Á PÁgÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ ¹Ã«ÄvÀ ªÉÄªÉÆj ªÀåªÀ¸ÉÜUÀ¼À CvÀÄåvÀÛªÀÄ GzÁºÀgÀuÉUÀ¼À°è MAzÁVzÉ. F PÁgÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ ¸À«ÄÃ¥ÀzÀ PÁgÀÄUÀ¼À EwÛÃa£À ªÉÃUÀ, EvÀgÀ PÁgÀÄUÀ¼À zÀÆgÀ, ªÉÃUÀzÀ «Äw ªÀÄvÀÄÛ gÀ¸ÉÛAiÀÄ°è £Áå«UÉÃmï ªÀiÁqÀ®Ä EvÀgÀ ªÀiÁ»wAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¸ÀAUÀæ»¸À§ºÀÄzÀÄ. 3. Theory of Mind (ªÀÄ£À¹ì£À ¹zÁÞAvÀ) :  Theory of Mind AI should understand the human emotions, people, beliefs, and be able to interact socially like humans.  This type of AI machines are still not developed, but researchers are making lots of efforts and improvement for developing such AI machines.  ªÀÄ£À¹ì£À ¹zÁÞAvÀ AI ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ£ À ¨sÁªÀ£ÉUÀ¼ÀÄ, d£ÀgÀÄ, £ÀA©PÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß CxÀðªÀiÁrPÉÆ¼Àî¨ÉÃPÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀgÀAvÉ ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀªÁV ¸ÀAªÀºÀ£À £ÀqÉ¸À®Ä ¸ÁzsÀåªÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ.  F jÃwAiÀÄ AI AiÀÄAvÀæUÀ¼À£ÀÄß E£ÀÆß C©üªÀÈ¢Þ¥Àr¸À¯ÁV®è, DzÀgÉ CAvÀºÀ AI AiÀÄAvÀæUÀ¼À£ÀÄß C©üªÀÈ¢Þ¥Àr¸À®Ä ¸ÀA±ÉÆÃzsÀPÀgÀÄ ¸ÁPÀµÀÄÖ ¥ÀæAiÀÄvÀßUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀÄzsÁgÀuÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ªÀiÁqÀÄwÛzÁÝgÉ. 30 Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Overview of Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence 4. Self-Awareness (¸ÀéAiÀÄA CjªÀÅ) :  Self-awareness AI is the future of Artificial Intelligence. These machines will be super intelligent, and will have their own consciousness, sentiments, and self- awareness.  These machines will be smarter than human mind.  Self-Awareness AI does not exist in reality still and it is a hypothetical concept.  ¸ÀéAiÀÄA-CjªÀÅ AI PÀÈvÀPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛAiÀÄ ¨sÀ«µÀåªÁVzÉ. F AiÀÄAvÀæUÀ¼ÀÄ Cw §Ä¢ÞªÀAvÀªÁVgÀÄvÀÛªÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ vÀªÀÄäzÉÃ DzÀ ¥ÀæeÉÕ, ¨sÁªÀ£ÉUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀéAiÀÄA-CjªÀÅUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ºÉÆA¢gÀÄvÀÛªÉ.  F AiÀÄAvÀæUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ£À ªÀÄ£À¹ìVAvÀ ZÀÄgÀÄPÁVgÀÄvÀÛªÉ.  ¸ÀéAiÀÄA eÁUÀÈw AI E£ÀÆß ªÁ¸ÀÛªÀz° À è C¹Ûvéz À À°è®è ªÀÄvÀÄÛ EzÀÄ MAzÀÄ PÁ®à¤PÀ ¥ÀjPÀ®£ à AÉ iÀiÁVzÉ. INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS (EAmÉ°eÉAmï ¹¸ÀÖªÀiïì ) 1.12 What is Intelligence ? (EAmÉ°eÉ£ïì JAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ ?) : The ability of a system to calculate, reason, perceive relationships and analogies, learn from experience, store and retrieve information from memory, solve problems, comprehend complex ideas, use natural language fluently, classify, generalize, and adapt new situations. ¯ÉPÁÌZÁgÀ, vÀPÀð, ¸ÀA§AzsÀU¼ À ÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÁzÀÈ±ÀåUÀ¼À£ÀÄß UÀæ»¸À®Ä, C£ÀÄ¨sÀª¢ À AzÀ PÀ°AiÀÄ®Ä, ªÉÄªÉÆj¬ÄAzÀ ªÀiÁ»wAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¸ÀAUÀæ»¸À®Ä ªÀÄvÀÄÛ »A¥ÀqÉAiÀÄ®Ä, ¸ÀªÀÄ¸ÉåUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¥ÀjºÀj¸À®Ä, ¸ÀAQÃtð «ZÁgÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß UÀæ»¸À®Ä, £ÉÊ¸ÀVðPÀ ¨sÁµÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¤gÀUÀð¼ÀªÁV §¼À¸À®Ä, ªÀVÃðPÀj¸À®Ä, ¸ÁªÀiÁ¤åÃPÀj¸À®Ä ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ºÉÆ¸À ¸À¤ßªÉÃ±ÀUÀ½UÉ ºÉÆA¢PÉÆ¼Àî®Ä ªÀåªÀ¸ÉÜAiÀÄ ¸ÁªÀÄxÀåð. 1.12.1 Types of Intelligence in Artificial Intelligence (PÀÈvÀPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛAiÀÄ°è §Ä¢ÞªÀAwPÉAiÀÄ «zsÀUÀ¼ÀÄ (AI)) : 1. Linguistic intelligence 2. Musical intelligence 3. Logical-mathematical intelligence 4. Spatial intelligence 5. Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence 6. Intra-personal intelligence 7. Interpersonal intelligence 8. Naturalist Intelligence 9. Spatial Intelligence 31 Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Artificial Intelligence Overview of Artificial Intelligence 1. ¨sÁµÁ §Ä¢ÞªÀAwPÉ 2. ¸ÀAVÃvÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀAwPÉ 3. vÁQðPÀ-UÀtÂvÀzÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛ 4. ¥ÁæzÉÃ²PÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀAwPÉ 5. zÉÊ»PÀ-PÉÊ£É¸ÉÜnPï §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛ 6. CAvÀgï-ªÉÊAiÀÄQÛPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛ 7. ¥ÀgÀ¸ÀàgÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀAwPÉ 8. £ÁåZÀÄgÀ°¸ïÖ EAmÉ°eÉ£ïì 9. ¥ÁæzÉÃ²PÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀAwPÉ Fig. 1.5 Types of Intelligence in Artificial Intelligence (PÀÈvÀPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛAiÀÄ°è §Ä¢ÞªÀAwPÉAiÀÄ «zsÀUÀ¼ÀÄ) : 1) Linguistic Intelligence : Ability to speak, recognize and use mechanisms of phonetics (speech sounds), syntax (grammar), and semantic (meaning). Linguistic intelligence is the most widely shared human capacity and is obvious in poets, novelists, journalists and effective public speakers. Young 32 Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Overview of Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence adults with such intelligence have fun writing, reading, telling stories or making crossword puzzles. For Example : Narrators, Orators. 1) ¨sÁµÁ §Ä¢ÞªÀAwPÉ : ¥sÉÆÃ£ÉnPïì ªÀiÁw£À ±À§ÝUÀ¼ÀÄ, ¹AmÁåPïì (ªÁåPÀgÀt) ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ±À¨ÁÝxÀðzÀ (CxÀð) PÁAiÀÄð«zsÁ£ÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ªÀiÁvÀ£ÁqÀÄªÀ, UÀÄgÀÄw¸ÀÄªÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ §¼À¸ÄÀ ªÀ ¸ÁªÀÄxÀåð. ¨sÁµÁ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛAiÀÄÄ CvÀåAvÀ ªÁå¥ÀPÀªÁV ºÀAaPÉAiÀiÁzÀ ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ ¸ÁªÀÄxÀåðªÁVzÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ PÀ«UÀ¼ÀÄ, PÁzÀA§jPÁgÀgÀÄ, ¥ÀvÀæPÀvÀðgÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¥ÀjuÁªÀÄPÁj ¸ÁªÀðd¤PÀ ¨sÁµÀtPÁgÀgÀ°è EzÀÄ ¸ÀàµÀÖªÁVzÉ. CAvÀºÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀAwPÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ºÉÆA¢gÀÄªÀ AiÀÄÄªÀ ªÀAiÀÄ¸ÀÌgÀÄ ªÉÆÃdÄ §gÉAiÀÄÄvÁÛgÉ, NzÀÄvÁÛgÉ, PÀxÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ºÉÃ¼ÀÄvÁÛgÉ CxÀªÁ ¥ÀzÀ§AzsÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ªÀiÁqÀÄvÁÛgÉ. GzÁºÀgÀuÉUÉ : ¤gÀÆ¥ÀPÀgÀÄ, ªÁVäUÀ¼ÀÄ. 2) Musical Intelligence : The ability to understand, and understand the meaning of sound, pitch, meaning made from rhythm. This intelligence enables you to recognize, create, reproduce and reflect music as shown by music, singer, and sensitive listeners. Carefully, music and emotions often have an effective connection. And mathematical and music intelligence can share common thinking process. For Example : Musicians, Singers, Composers 2) ¸ÀAVÃvÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀAwPÉ : ±À§Ý, ¦Zï, ®AiÀÄ¢AzÀ ªÀiÁrzÀ CxÀðªÀ£ÀÄß CxÀðªÀiÁrPÉÆ¼ÀÄîªÀ ¸ÁªÀÄxÀåð. ¸ÀAVÃvÀ, UÁAiÀÄPÀ, ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀÆPÀëöä PÉÃ¼ÀÄUÀgÀÄ vÉÆÃj¹zÀAvÉ ¸ÀAVÃvÀªÀ£ÀÄß UÀÄgÀÄw¸À®Ä, gÀa¸À®Ä, ¥ÀÄ£ÀgÀÄvÁà¢¸À®Ä ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¥Àæw©A©¸À®Ä F §Ä¢ÞªÀAwPÉAiÀÄÄ ¤ªÀÄä£ÀÄß ±ÀPÀÛUÉÆ½¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ. JZÀÑjPÉ¬ÄAzÀ, ¸ÀAVÃvÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¨sÁªÀ£ÉUÀ¼ÀÄ ¸ÁªÀiÁ£ÀåªÁV ¥ÀjuÁªÀÄPÁj ¸ÀA¥ÀPÀðªÀ£ÀÄß ºÉÆA¢ªÉ. ªÀÄvÀÄÛ UÀtÂvÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀAVÃvÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀAwPÉAiÀÄÄ ¸ÁªÀiÁ£Àå aAvÀ£ÉAiÀÄ ¥ÀæQæAiÉÄAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ºÀAaPÉÆ¼Àî§ºÀÄzÀÄ. GzÁºÀgÀuÉUÉ : ¸ÀAVÃvÀUÁgÀgÀÄ, UÁAiÀÄPÀgÀÄ, ¸ÀAAiÉÆÃdPÀgÀÄ 3) Logical-mathematical Intelligence : In the absence of verbs or objects, the use of relationships and the ability to under- stand. Understanding complex and abstract ideas. It enables us to see relationships and relationships and use an abstract, symbolic idea; Sequential logic skills; And inductive and deductive thinking patterns. For Example : Mathematicians, Scientists 33 Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Artificial Intelligence Overview of Artificial Intelligence 3) vÁQðPÀ-UÀtÂvÀzÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛ : QæAiÀiÁ¥ÀzÀUÀ¼ÀÄ CxÀªÁ ªÀ¸ÀÄÛUÀ¼À C£ÀÄ¥À¹ÜwAiÀÄ°è, ¸ÀA§AzsÀUÀ¼À §¼ÀPÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ CxÀðªÀiÁrPÉÆ¼ÀÄîªÀ ¸ÁªÀÄxÀåð. ¸ÀAQÃtð ªÀÄvÀÄÛ CªÀÄÆvÀð «ZÁgÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß CxÀðªÀiÁrPÉÆ¼ÀÄîªÀÅzÀÄ. EzÀÄ ¸ÀA§AzsÀUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀA§AzsÀU¼ À À£ÀÄß £ÉÆÃqÀ®Ä ªÀÄvÀÄÛ CªÀÄÆvÀð, ¸ÁAPÉÃwPÀ PÀ®à£ÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß §¼À¸® À Ä £ÀªÄÀ UÉ C£ÀÄªÀÅ ªÀiÁrPÉÆqÀÄvÀÛzÉ; C£ÀÄPÀæªÀÄ vÀPÀð PË±À®åUÀ¼ÀÄ; ªÀÄvÀÄÛ C£ÀÄUÀªÀÄ£ÀzÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ C£ÀÄªÀiÁ£ÁvÀäPÀ aAvÀ£ÉAiÀÄ ªÀiÁzÀjUÀ¼ÀÄ. GzÁºÀgÀuÉUÉ : UÀtÂvÀdÕgÀÄ, «eÁÕ¤UÀ¼ÀÄ 4) Spatial Intelligence : The ability to visualize or view spatial information, change it, and recreate the scene pictures without reference to objects, create 3D images and move them and rotate them. For Example : Map readers, Astronauts, Physicists 4) ¥ÁæzÉÃ²PÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀAwPÉ : ¥ÁæzÉÃ²PÀ ªÀiÁ»wAiÀÄ£ÀÄß zÀÈ²åÃPÀj¸ÀÄªÀ CxÀªÁ «ÃQë¸ÀÄªÀ ¸ÁªÀÄxÀåð, CzÀ£ÀÄß §zÀ¯Á¬Ä¸ÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÀ¸ÀÄÛUÀ¼À£ÀÄß G¯ÉèÃT¸ÀzÉ zÀÈ±Àå avÀæUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ªÀÄgÀÄ¸ÀÈ¶Ö¸ÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ, 3D avÀæUÀ¼À£ÀÄß gÀa¸ÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ CªÀÅUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¸Àj¸À®Ä ªÀÄvÀÄÛ CªÀÅUÀ¼À£ÀÄß wgÀÄV¸ÀÄªÀ ¸ÁªÀÄxÀåð. GzÁºÀgÀuÉUÉ : £ÀPÉë NzÀÄUÀgÀÄ, UÀUÀ£ÀAiÀiÁwæUÀ¼ÀÄ, ¨sËvÀ±Á¸ÀÛçdÕgÀÄ. 5) Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence : Ability to control the problems or the ability to use full or part of the body to solve fashion products, control fine and obsolete motor skills and manipulate objects. This wisdom involves understanding of time and completeness of skill through union of mind-body. People athlete, dancer, surgeon, and craft perform well-developed physical kinetic intelligence. For Example : Players, Dancers 5) zÉÊ»PÀ-PÉÊ£É¸ÉÜnPï §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛ ¸ÀªÀÄ¸ÉåUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¤AiÀÄAwæ¸ÀÄªÀ ¸ÁªÀÄxÀåð CxÀªÁ ¥sÁå±À£ï GvÀà£ÀßUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¥ÀjºÀj¸À®Ä zÉÃºÀzÀ ¥ÀÆtð CxÀªÁ ¨sÁUÀªÀ£ÀÄß §¼À¸ÀÄªÀ ¸ÁªÀÄxÀåð, GvÀÛªÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ §¼ÀPÉAiÀÄ°è®èzÀ ªÉÆÃmÁgÀÄ PË±À®åUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¤AiÀÄAwæ¸À®Ä ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÀ¸ÀÄÛUÀ¼À£ÀÄß PÀÄ±À®vÉ¬ÄAzÀ ¤ªÀð»¸ÀÄªÀÅzÀÄ. F §Ä¢ÞªÀAwPÉAiÀÄÄ ªÀÄ£À¸ÀÄì-zÉÃºÀzÀ MPÀÆÌlzÀ ªÀÄÆ®PÀ ¸ÀªÀÄAiÀÄzÀ w¼ÀÄªÀ½PÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ PË±À®åzÀ ¸ÀA¥ÀÆtðvÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß M¼ÀUÉÆArgÀÄvÀÛzÉ. d£ÀgÀÄ CyèÃmï, £ÀvÀðQ, ±À¸ÀÛçaQvÀìPÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ PÀgÀPÀÄ±À® GvÀÛªÀÄªÁV C©üªÀÈ¢Þ ºÉÆA¢zÀ ¨sËwPÀ ZÀ®£À §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ¤ªÀð»¸ÀÄvÁÛgÉ. GzÁºÀgÀuÉUÉ : DlUÁgÀgÀÄ, £ÀÈvÀåUÁgÀgÀÄ. 6) Intra-personal Intelligence : The ability to differentiate between one’s own emotions, intentions and motivations. Interpersonal intelligence involves not only an appreciation of the self, but also of the human 34 Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Overview of Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence condition. It is clear in psychological, spiritual leaders and philosophers. These young adults may be shy. They are very aware of their feelings and are self-motivated. For Example : Gautam Buddha 6) CAvÀgï-ªÉÊAiÀÄQÛPÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛ : M§âgÀ ¸ÀéAvÀ ¨sÁªÀ£ÉUÀ¼ÀÄ, GzÉÝÃ±ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¥ÉæÃgÀuÉUÀ¼À £ÀqÀÄªÉ ªÀåvÁå¸ÀªÀ£ÀÄß vÉÆÃj¸ÀÄªÀ ¸ÁªÀÄxÀåð. ªÀåQÛUÀvÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀÄvÉÛAiÀÄÄ ¸ÀéAiÀÄA ±ÁèWÀ£ÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ªÀiÁvÀæªÀ®èzÉ ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ ¹ÜwAiÀÄ£ÀÆß ¸ÀºÀ M¼ÀUÉÆArgÀÄvÀÛzÉ. EzÀÄ ªÀiÁ£À¹PÀ, DzsÁåwäPÀ £ÁAiÀÄPÀgÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ vÀvÀéeÁÕ¤UÀ¼À°è ¸ÀàµÀÖªÁVzÉ. F AiÀÄÄªÀ ªÀAiÀÄ¸ÀÌgÀÄ £ÁaPÉ¥ÀqÀ§ºÀÄzÀÄ. CªÀgÀÄ vÀªÀÄä ¨sÁªÀ£ÉUÀ¼À §UÉÎ §ºÀ¼À w½¢gÀÄvÁÛgÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀéAiÀÄA ¥ÉæÃjvÀgÁVzÁÝgÉ. GzÁºÀgÀuÉUÉ : UËvÀªÀÄ §ÄzÀÞ 7) Interpersonal Intelligence : The ability to distinguish between other people’s emotions, beliefs and intentions. Teachers, social workers, actors and politicians perform all interpersonal knowledge. Young adults with this kind of wisdom are leaders among their peers, are good at communicating, and understand the feelings and motives of others. For Example : Mass Communicators, Interviewers 7) ¥ÀgÀ¸ÀàgÀ §Ä¢ÞªÀAwPÉ : EvÀgÀ d£ÀgÀ ¨sÁªÀ£ÉUÀ¼ÀÄ, £ÀA©PÉUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ GzÉÝÃ±ÀUÀ¼À £ÀqÀÄªÉ ªÀåvÁå¸ÀªÀ£ÀÄß UÀÄgÀÄw¸ÀÄªÀ ¸ÁªÀÄxÀåð. ²PÀëPÀgÀÄ, ¸ÁªÀiÁfPÀ PÁAiÀÄðPÀvÀð gÀÄ, £ÀlgÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ gÁdPÁgÀtÂUÀ¼ÀÄ J¯Áè ¥ÀgÀ¸ÀàgÀ eÁÕ£ÀªÀ£ÀÄß ¤ªÀð»¸ÀÄvÁÛgÉ. F jÃwAiÀÄ §Ä¢ÞªÀAwPÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ºÉÆA¢gÀÄªÀ AiÀÄÄªÀ ªÀAiÀÄ¸ÀÌgÀÄ vÀªÀÄä UÉ¼ÉAiÀÄgÀ°è £ÁAiÀÄPÀgÁVzÁÝgÉ, ¸ÀAªÀºÀ£z À °À è GvÀÛªÀÄgÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ EvÀgÀgÀ ¨sÁªÀ£ÉUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ GzÉÝÃ±ÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß CxÀðªÀiÁrPÉÆ¼ÀÄîvÁÛgÉ. GzÁºÀgÀuÉUÉ : ¸ÀªÀÄÆºÀ ¸ÀAªÀºÀ£ÀPÁgÀgÀÄ, ¸ÀAzÀ±ÀðPÀgÀÄ 8) Naturalist Intelligence : Naturalist intellect demonstrates the human potential of discriminating between the living things (plants, animals) as well as the other characteristics of the natural world (cloud, rock configuration). This capability was evident in our evolutionary past as predators, collectors and farmers; It is central to roles such as botanist or chef. It also exploits our consumer society natural nature intelligence, which can be motivated in discrimination between the type of car, sneaker, series, and such as. 8) £ÁåZÀÄgÀ°¸ïÖ EAmÉ°eÉ£ïì : ¤¸ÀUÀðªÁ¢ §Ä¢ÞAiÀÄÄ fÃ«UÀ¼À (¸À¸ÀåUÀ¼ÀÄ, ¥ÁætÂUÀ¼ÀÄ) ªÀÄvÀÄÛ £ÉÊ¸ÀVðPÀ ¥Àæ¥ÀAZÀzÀ EvÀgÀ UÀÄt®PÀëtUÀ¼À (ªÉÆÃqÀ, §AqÉAiÀÄ ¸ÀAgÀZÀ£É) £ÀqÀÄ«£À vÁgÀvÀªÀÄåzÀ ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ ¸ÁªÀÄxÀåðªÀ£ÀÄß ¥ÀæzÀ²ð¸ÀÄvÀÛzÉ. ¥ÀgÀ¨sÀPÀëPÀUÀ¼ÀÄ, ¸ÀAUÁæºÀPÀgÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ gÉÊvÀgÀAvÉ £ÀªÀÄä «PÀ¸À¤ÃAiÀÄ ¨sÀÆvÀPÁ®zÀ°è F ¸ÁªÀÄxÀåðªÀÅ ¸ÀàµÀÖªÁVzÉ; ¸À¸Àå±Á¸ÀÛçdÕ 35 Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Sri Siddalingeshwara Prakashana Artificial Intelligence

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