Articulation L4 - Muscles of the Face and Mouth Moodle.pptx

Muscles of the Face, Mouth, and Pharynx • Oral Communication = Speech + Facial Expression • Muscles of facial expression are also responsible for movement of some articulators Exam 3 Articulation Nov 30 You should learn about the following muscles in detail (origin, course, insertion, and functio...

Muscles of the Face, Mouth, and Pharynx • Oral Communication = Speech + Facial Expression • Muscles of facial expression are also responsible for movement of some articulators Exam 3 Articulation Nov 30 You should learn about the following muscles in detail (origin, course, insertion, and function). Identification of structures in images from the coloring packet will include only the main 15 muscles listed. orbicularis oris, buccinator, superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, transverse, vertical, genioglossus, styloglossus, palatoglossus, hyoglossus, masseter, temporalis, tensor veli palatini, levator veli palatini, glossopalatinus, palatopharyngeus For the remaining muscles of articulation that are not on this list, you should know just the function of the muscles. For muscles of the face and mouth know the basic functions of the muscle categories (not the individual muscles) in the following slides. Muscles of the Face and Mouth Orbicularis Oris Muscle Perpendicular Facial Muscles Mentalis Transverse Facial Muscles Depressor Anguli Oris Buccinator Levator Anguli Oris Risorius Angular Facial Muscles Parallel Facial Muscles Levator Labii Superior Incisivus Labii Superior Levator Labii Superior Alaeque Nasi Incisivus Labii Inferior Zygomatic Minor Zygomatic Major Platysma Muscle Depressor Labii Inferior Corrugator (eyebrows) Epicranius Frontalis eyebrows) Orbicularis Oculi (eyelids) Orbicularis Oris Muscle • Principle muscle acting upon lips • Oval ring of muscle fibers located within the lips and completely encircling the mouth slit • Complex muscle with intrinsic and extrinsic fibers (some are exclusive to lips; some are from other facial muscles that insert into the lips) Origin: near midline on front of maxilla and mandible Course: circular Insertion: mucous membrane of lips Innervation: facial nerve Function: closes and puckers lips Transverse Facial Muscles • A set of muscles extrinsic to the orbicularis oris • Course horizontally from their origin and insert into the orbicularis oris • Pull the lips against the teeth and facilitate compression of the lips for the production of certain consonant sounds, such as the bilabial stops and nasals • Include: buccinator and risorius Buccinator Muscle • The principal muscle of the cheek • Deepest of the facial and of the extrinsic muscles of the lips • Transverse facial muscle Origin: pterygomandibular raphe and the alveolar processes of the mandible and maxilla Course: horizontal, toward the front Insertion: muscles of upper & lower lips Innervation: facial nerve Function: compress the lips and retract the corners of the mouth Risorius Muscle • Transverse facial muscle Origin: fascia of the masseter muscle Course: horizontal, toward the front (superficial and parallel to the buccinator) Insertion: skin and mucosa at the corner of the mouth/muscle fibers of lower lip Innervation: facial nerve Function: retract the corner of the mouth Angular Facial Muscles • A set of muscles extrinsic to the mouth • Approach the corners of the mouth obliquely from above and below • Are instrumental in producing such expressions as smiling and frowning • Include; levator labii superior, levator labii superior alaeque nasi, zygomatic minor, zygomatic major, depressor labii inferior Levator Labii Superior Muscle • Levator of the upper lip • Angular facial muscle Origin: lower margin of the orbit, maxilla, & zygomatic bone Course: downward and medial Insertion: upper lip Innervation: facial nerve Function: elevates and everts the upper lip Levator Labii Superior Alaeque Nasi Muscle • Levator of the upper lip and dilator of the nostrils • Angular facial muscle Origin: frontal process & infraorbital margin of maxilla Course: downward and lateral Insertion: lateral cartilages of nose and orbicularis oris Innervation: facial nerve Function: elevate the upper lip Zygomatic Minor Muscle Origin: anterior surface of zygomatic bone (medial to zygomatic major) Course: downward and medial Insertion: orbicularis oris of upper lip Innervation: facial nerve Function: elevates the upper lip Zygomatic Major Muscle Origin: anterior surface of zygomatic bone (lateral to zygomatic minor) Course: downward and medial Insertion: orbicularis oris, skin of corner of mouth Innervation: facial nerve Function: pulls corner of mouth upward and laterally Angular Facial Muscles Depressor Labii Inferior Muscle • Depressor of the lower lip • Small, flat, quadrangular muscles • Located beneath the lower lip just lateral to midline • Angular facial muscle Origin: oblique line of the mandible, near the mental foramen Course: upward and medially Insertion: orbicularis oris of lower lip Innervation: facial nerve Function: depresses the lower lip Vertical (Perpendicular) Facial Muscles • A set of muscles extrinsic to the mouth • Enter the corners of the mouth from above and below • Important in producing facial expression and in compressing the corners of the mouth • Include: mentalis, depressor anguli oris, levator anguli oris Mentalis Muscle • Cone-shaped bundle located at side of frenulum of the lower lip • Usually in a fairly continuous state of activity, even during sleep • Vertical facial muscle Origin: mandible in area of lower chin Course: upward Insertion: skin of the chin Innervation: facial nerve Function: wrinkles chin and elevates, protrudes, and everts lower lip Depressor Anguli Oris Muscle • Vertical facial muscle Origin: oblique line of mandible Course: upward Insertion: orbicularis oris at the corner of the mouth and the upper lip Innervation: facial nerve Function: depresses the corner of the mouth, assists in compressing lips Levator Anguli Oris Muscle • Vertical facial muscle Origin: canine fossa of maxilla Course: downward Insertion: upper lip and angle of lower lip Innervation: facial nerve Function: elevate the corner of the mouth and helps to close mouth (by pulling lower lip upward) Parallel Facial Muscles • A set of muscles extrinsic to the mouth • Enter the corners of the mouth from above and below • Important in producing facial expression and in compressing the corners of the mouth • Include: Incisivus Labii Superior, Incisivus Labii Inferior, Platysma Incisivus Labii Superior • Parallel facial muscle Origin: maxilla above canine tooth Course: lateral and parallel to the orbicularis oris Insertion: orbicularis oris, at the corner of the mouth Innervation: facial nerve Function: pulls corner of mouth inward and upward (pucker the lips) Incisivus Labii Inferior • Parallel facial muscle Origin: mandible, near the lateral incisors Course: lateral and parallel to the orbicularis oris Insertion: orbicularis oris, at the corner of the mouth Innervation: facial nerve Function: pulls corner of mouth inward and upward (pucker the lips) Platysma Muscle Origin: skin over the lower neck and upper lateral chest Course: up Insertion: lower margin of the mandible, skin over lower face and corner of mouth Innervation: facial nerve Function: draws lower lip and corner of mouth laterally and inferiorly, partially opening the mouth The Nose and Nasal Cavities Nose: upper part constitutes the organ of olfaction; the lower part the beginning of the respiratory tract in which inspired air is warmed, moistened, and cleaned of impurities Breathing, smelling, speech production Nasal cavity begins at nose and terminates at nasopharynx The nose consists of a: • root where the nasal bones joint the frontal bone • bridge (the upper part of the dorsum) • dorsum (located between the root and the tip) • apex (tip) • base that includes the nostrils (nares) Nasal Cartilages Cartilages of the nose, including the septal, lateral, and major (lower lateral) and minor alar cartilages, form what is called a liminal valve capable of controlling the intake of air The septal cartilage serves as the division of the base into two separate nostrils Nasal Cavities • consist of two narrow, approximately symmetrical chambers separated by the nasal septum • communicate with the exterior by way of the nostrils and with the nasopharynx by way of the choanae (posterior nares) • lateral walls also contain orifices through which the nasal cavities communicate with the paranasal sinuses • Lateral walls also house three scrolls of bone that extend into the cavity and form longitudinal channels along its length [superior (ethmoid), medial (ethmoid), inferior (independent bone) nasal conchae] Nose Muscles • • • • • • X Anterior Nasal Dilator Depressor Alae Nasi Levator Labii Superior Alaeque Nasi Nasalis Posterior Nasal Dilator Procerus The Pharynx • Forms upper part of both the respiratory system & digestive tract • Pharynx is divided into nasal, oral, and laryngeal portions • A cone-shaped musculotendinous tube extending from the base of the skull to the level of C6; it is about 12-14 cm in length • Contribution is one of resonance; affects acoustic properties of the vocal tract • Specific contributions to speech are not fully understood The Pharynx • Pharyngeal tube is composed of three layers of tissue: a fibrous coat called the pharyngeal aponeurosis, a mucous coat, and a relatively strong muscular layer • Muscles of the pharynx consist of – 3 pairs of constrictors (the superior, middle, and inferior) – each of which are composed of multiple muscles – 3 muscles that form a vertical band on the lateral wall of the pharyngeal tube (the stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, and palatopharyngeous) Superior Constrictor Muscle • Weakest yet most complex of the pharyngeal muscles • Consists of 4 rather distinct muscle bundles: pterygopharyngeus muscle, buccopharyngeus muscle, mylopharyngeus muscle, and the glossopharyngeus muscle. Origin: inner surface of the mandible and sides of tongue Course: posterior Insertion: medial raphe of pharynx Innervation: Vagus, spinal accessory nerves Function: constrict the pharynx Middle Constrictor Muscle • Composed of the ceratopharyngeus muscle and the chondropharyngeus muscle Origin: Cornua of hyoid bone Course: back and medial Insertion: medial raphe of pharynx Innervation: Vagus, spinal accessory nerves Function: constrict the pharynx Inferior Constrictor Muscle (last time) • The thickest and the strongest of the pharyngeal muscles • Composed of the thyropharyngeus muscle and the cricopharyngeus muscle Origin: thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, inferior cornu of hyoid Course: back and medial Insertion: medial raphe of pharynx Innervation: Vagus, spinal accessory nerves Function: constrict the pharynx Pharyngeal Constrictors Stylopharyngeus Muscle Origin: styloid process of the temporal bone Course: downward Insertion: between superior and middle constrictors Innervation: glossopharyngeal nerve Function: elevates & opens pharynx Salpingopharyngeus Muscle Origin: lower margin of the eustachian tube Course: down Insertion: converges with palatopharyngeus Innervation: Vagus, spinal accessory nerves Function: elevates and narrows pharynx Palatopharyngeus (Pharyngopalatine) Refer to muscles of palate….