Articulation Lecture Notes PDF

ARTICULATION: Lecture 8, Week 9 and 10 1.​ Label the sections of the pharynx, velum and nasal cavities 2.​ Describe velopharyngeal function in speech production -​ The velopharyngeal mechanism refers to the action and coordination of structures in the velum (soft palate) and pharynx (throat)...

ARTICULATION: Lecture 8, Week 9 and 10 1.​ Label the sections of the pharynx, velum and nasal cavities 2.​ Describe velopharyngeal function in speech production -​ The velopharyngeal mechanism refers to the action and coordination of structures in the velum (soft palate) and pharynx (throat) that control the opening and closing of the velopharyngeal port. This port is the passage between the nasopharynx (the upper part of the throat) and the oropharynx (the part of the throat behind the mouth). -​ Two important roles: 1.​ Manage air stream to produce certain types of oral consonant sounds (especially ones that require high oral pressure). This requires the velopharynx be closed or nearly closed, so energy can be directed through oral canal 2.​ Manage flow of acoustic energy into the oral and nasal cavities. This is important for production of vowels and both oral and nasal consonants. 3.​ Locate and label facial and skull bones  4.​ Identify and label muscles of pharynx, velum and outer nose MUSCLES OF THE VELUM 1. Palatal Levator – acts a sling to pull the velum up and back towards the posterior pharyngeal wall 2.Uvulus - adds bulk to assist with closure 3.Glossopalatine brings the velum down for nasal consonants 4.Pharyngopalatine- narrows the pharynx by pulling the lateral pharyngeal walls upward and medially 5.Palatal Tensor or Tensor velli palatini: opens the Eustachian tube during swallowing MUSCLES OF THE PHARYNX -​ Constrictors (Superior, Middle, Inferior): Contract to narrow the pharynx and push food down toward the esophagus. -​ Salpingopharyngeus: Elevates the pharynx and helps open the eustachian tube. -​ Stylopharyngeus: Elevates and widens the pharynx, helping in swallowing and speech. -​ Palatopharyngeus: Elevates the pharynx and narrows it during swallowing, also helping to close the nasopharynx.  5.​ Identify and label the areas and boundaries of the vocal tract -​ The vocal tract begins at the glottis and ends at the lips -​ The vocal tract is the passageway through which air flows from the lungs to produce speech. It includes the mouth, throat, and nasal passages, and is responsible for shaping the sounds produced by the vocal folds. The vocal tract can be divided into different regions based on their anatomical locations -​ Nasal cavity -​ Oral cavity -​ Pharynx -​ Larynx -​ Velum (soft palate) -​ Glottis (space between vocal folds located within the larnyx) Esophagus and trachea are NOT part of it Remember, the larynx houses the: epiglottis, vocal cords, and glottis (space between the vocal folds) The vocal tract refers specifically to the pathway through which air flows to produce speech sounds, starting from the lungs and passing through the: -​ Larynx (voice box, where sound is generated by the vocal folds), -​ Pharynx (throat), -​ Oral cavity (mouth), -​ Nasal cavity (nose, for nasal sounds). 6.​ Label the bones and structures of skull and face: