Elements of Design PDF

BASIC ELEMENTS OF DESIGN THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 Ar. Diane A. Jose, MBA, PIA, UAP  WHAT ARE ELEMENTS OF DESIGN? These are basic components that are essential in art and design, how you can visually construct pieces (or compose an architecture). Each element is a crucial part of a visua...

BASIC ELEMENTS OF DESIGN THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 1 Ar. Diane A. Jose, MBA, PIA, UAP  WHAT ARE ELEMENTS OF DESIGN? These are basic components that are essential in art and design, how you can visually construct pieces (or compose an architecture). Each element is a crucial part of a visual message, and the combination of these has an impact on how the design is perceived.  PORK ADOBO RECIPE Recipe is a set of instructions for preparing a particular dish, including a list of the ingredients required. Elements of Design Ingredients Instructions to Cook Principles of Design  Line, Shape, Form, Space, Texture, Color ELEMENTS PRINCIPLES Scale and Proportion, Balance, Emphasis, Rhythm, Unity, Contrast, Variation You can use design elements alone or in combination with each other, depending on what you're looking to achieve. LINE Basic Elements of Design LINE Line is the visual direction of a design. It can be used to emphasize a pleasing element or disguise an undesirable one. Different types of lines have different effects on design. LINE - VERTICAL Vertical lines lead Can be seen in: the eye up, adding § Tall furniture height, formality, and strength to a § Columns design. § Pillars § Striped wallpaper § Long narrow draperies LINE - VERTICAL Vertical lines can make rooms seem more spacious than they actually are and ceilings appear higher. LINE - HORIZONTAL Horizontal lines lead the eye to the left or right, suggesting informality and restfulness. Can be seen in: § Long, low roofs § Long, low furniture pieces such as sofas and chests Horizontal lines can make buildings, rooms, and furniture seem wider and shorter. LINE - DIAGONAL Diagonal lines suggest action, movement and excitement. Can be seen in: § Staircases § Cathedral ceilings § Gable Roofs Diagonal lines can be overpowering and tiring, so they should be used sparingly in design. LINE - CURVE Too many curved lines create a busy look. Can be seen in: § Doorway arches § Ruffled curtains § Curved furniture § Rounded accessories Curved lines add a softening, graceful effect to designs. In design, one type of line should dominate. Others can be added for interest. SHAPE Basic Elements of Design SHAPE The configuration or relative disposition of the lines or contours that delimit a figure or form. It is a 2 dimensional area with width and length. There are 2 types of shapes:  TYPES OF SHAPE 1. Geometric Shapes: These are circles, rectangles, squares, triangles and so on - have the clear edges one achieves when using tools to create them.  TYPES OF SHAPE 2. Organic Shapes: These are shapes with a natural look and a flowing and curving appearance. Organic shapes and forms are typically irregular or asymmetrical. Organic shapes are associated with things from the natural world, like plants and animals. FORM Basic Elements of Design Form adds another dimension to shape. A circle is a flat, two-dimensional shape. When you add the shading that transforms the circle into a sphere, it takes on three- dimensional form  FORM § Forms are three dimensional. § Form can be measured by height, width, and depth. § There are two types of form: §Geometric (Man-made) §Organic (Natural)  TYPES OF FORM 1. Geometric (man-made) Form Geometric forms are forms that can be constructed using geometry, such as squares, rectangles, circles, triangles and so on.  TYPES OF FORM 2. Organic (Natural) Form Generally complex, irregular or asymmetrical, and cannot easily be constructed using geometry. Naturally-occurring forms are often considered to be 'organic'. Form can be created by combining shapes, and it can be enhanced by color or texture. Depending on their usage, they can also be ornate or utilitarian. In architecture, most forms are geometric. Also, form denotes the formal structure of a work– the manner of arranging and coordinating the elements and parts of a composition so as to produce a coherent image. In the context of this study, form suggests reference to both internal structure and external outline and the principle that gives unity to the whole.  RELATIONAL PROPERTIES OF FORM Position – the location of a form relative to its environment to the visual field within which it is seen. Orientation – the direction of a form relative to the ground plane, the compass pints, other forms, or to the person viewing the form Visual Inertia– the degree and stability of a form. The visual inertia of a form depends on its geometry as well as its orientation relative to the ground plane, the pull of gravity and our line of sight. Form is the positive element over the Space, the negative element.  Form (positive - figure) Space (negative - void) SPACE Basic Elements of Design  SPACE Space is nothing but the area available to allow different purposes. There are two types of spaces: two-dimensional space three-dimensional space In two-dimensional space, length and width are considered while in three-dimensional space, length, width and height are considered. two-dimensional space, length and width three-dimensional space, length, width and height TEXTURE Basic Elements of Design  TEXTURE Texture is a surface’s tactile quality. Tactile refers to the perception of touch.  TEXTURE In design, texture appeals to sight as well as touch. Words used to describe textures: Ribbed Crinkled Rough Smooth  TEXTURE Often patterns or colors are used to create the illusion of texture. Smooth surfaces reflect more light than rough surfaces, making them look lighter and brighter. Rough surfaces absorb more light, making them look darker and less intense.  TEXTURE A room with the same texture throughout is monotonous, but too many different textures can appear disjointed and distracting. Most well-designed rooms have a dominate texture with accents of contrasting textures. COLOR Basic Elements of Design After the design element of space, color and light are probably two of an architect’s most powerful design tools. Color and light can alter the use and perception of a space, since they can be manipulated for effect or emotion. Color can be used to define form and give a sense of scale rather than merely provide a background. Color can be used to create an illusion or to emphasize a dramatic architectural form. ATTRIBUTES OF COLOR COLOR PROPERTIES To describe a color with reasonable accuracy, three basic properties have been designated to identify the dimensions, or qualities, of color: hue, the name of a color; value, the lightness or darkness of a color; and chroma or saturation, the degree of purity or strength of a color. ATTRIBUTES OF COLOR HUE OR COLOR The name of a color such as yellow, green, blue, red. VALUE OR LIGHTNESS The relative lightness or darkness of a color. Lighter values are achieved by adding white to a color, and darker values result from adding black. CHROMA OR SATURATION The relative purity or intensity of a color determined by how much or how little gray us added to the color ATTRIBUTES OF COLOR Hue,Value and Chroma -- the three dimensions of color Image Source: Interior Color by Design: Design Tool for Architects, Interior Designers and Homeowners Other Color Terms TINT A hue produced by the addition of white. SHADE A hue produced by the addition of black. TONE A hue produced by the addition of gray. TO BE CONTINUED… PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN  REFERENCES Architecture Form, Order and Space, 3rd Edition by Francis DK Ching https://kidcourses.com/elements-design-form/ https://sciencestruck.com/list-of-different-types-of-geometric-shapes- with-pictures/amp https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Geometric_form http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-c6cI1cj8Dzw/UQ-- cxEECBI/AAAAAAAAXQM/D_X0dZBePAA/s1600/Universiade+Spo rts+Center+by+GMP+Architekten06.jpg https://www.trendir.com/geometric-house-designs/ https://theconstructor.org/building/basic-elements-principles-interior- design-buildings/20150/