Aquaculture_set-K.docx

1\. The science that deals with heredity and variation. a\. Genetics b\. Traits c\. Heredity d\. Generation microbiology 2\. A unit of heredity. a\. Heredity b\. Traits c\. Gene d\. attitude 3\. An Austrian monk, who discovered that hereditary characteristics are determine by units or fact...

1\. The science that deals with heredity and variation. a\. Genetics b\. Traits c\. Heredity d\. Generation microbiology 2\. A unit of heredity. a\. Heredity b\. Traits c\. Gene d\. attitude 3\. An Austrian monk, who discovered that hereditary characteristics are determine by units or factors that are transmitted through generations. a\. Gregor Mendel b\. Charles Darwin c\. Hippocrates d\. Aristotle 4\. This study the cell structures involved in heredity. a\. Cytogenetic b\. Biotechnology c\. Cytology d\. Biology 5\. Study the structure and function of DNA. a\. Epigenetic b\. Population genetics c\. Cytogenetics d\. Molecular genetics 6\. This shows how breeding methods, mutation, and other factors affect the frequency of various genes in human, animal, and plant populations. a\. Molecular genetics b\. Population genetics c\. Genetics population d\. none 7\. This involves altering and rearranging the genes of an organism. a\. Biotechnology b\. Engineering c\. Genetic engineering d\. Mechanical engineering 8\. The identification of the genetic material and the manner and ways by which gene manifestations are inherited, was gained through \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. a\. Experimentation b\. Microscopic studies c\. all of the above d\. none of the above 9\. Methods of genetics study: a\. planned breeding experiment/ statistical analysis b\. probability/pedigree analysis c\. all of the above d\. B only 10\. These have no nuclear membrane that separates the contents of the cytoplasm from the nucleus. a\. chromomeres b\. centromere c\. eukaryotes d\. prokaryotes 11\. These have nuclear membrane that separates the genetic material from the cytoplasm. a\. prokaryotes b\. eukaryotes c\. chromomeres d\. centromeres 12\. A knob-like region, which show distinct sizes and occupy specific position giving non-homologous chromosomes. a\. chromomeres b\. nucleotides c\. organelle d\. cytoplasm 13\. A small chromosomal section, which constrictions can be found in some chromosomes with results from pinching off. a\. nucleus b\. satellite c\. matrix d\. centromere 14\. This contains diploid numbers of chromosomes. a\. Mature germ cell b\. haploid c\. Somatic cell or body cell d\. diploid 15\. This contain haploid which only half the number of chromosomes as somatic cells. a\. Somatic cells b\. haploid c\. diploid d\. germ cell 16\. The largest diploid number is found in protozoa with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. a\. 2 b\. 46 c\. 32 d\. 300 or more 17\. Diploid number of carpv- a\. 104 b\. 36 c\. 20 d\. 32 18\. Diploid number of starfish- a\. 38 b\. 45 c\. 36 d\. 23 19\. Diploid number of green algae - a\. 1 b\. 20 c\. 46 d\. 109 20\. The phases in the process of mitosis which is characterized by the alignment of the chromosomes at the equatorial plane. a\. Prophase b\. Interphase c\. Anaphase d\. Metaphase 21\. The phase in the process of mitosis which the sister chromatid separate and move as daughter chromosomes to the splindle poles. a\. Interphase b\. Anaphase c\. Metaphase d\. Prophase 22\. The phases in the process of mitosis which consist of process associated with growth and preparation of mitosis. a\. Prophase b\. Interphase c\. Anaphase d\. Metaphase 23\. The phases in the process of mitosis which chromosomal fibers extend from one pole to each chromosome. a\. Metaphase b\. Interphase c\. Prophase d\. Anaphase 24\. The process by which chromosomes are separated during the formation of sex cells and their number, reduced from the diploid to the haploid condition. a\. Meiosis b\. Mitosis c\. Nuclear division d\. Cell division 25\. A number, as well as size and shape of the chromosomes of a species. a\. Karyotype b\. Karyokenisis c\. Cytokinesis d\. Diakenisis 26\. The point at which exchange of the material occurs between nonsister chromatids is evidenced by more or less X- shaped configurations. a\. organelle b\. Cytoplasm c\. Chiasmata d\. Cell plate 27\. The two sister\'s chromatids connected together in their centromere regions. a\. Monads b\. Dyads c\. Chromatids d\. Tetrad 28\. Each chromatid separates from its sisters and moves to the opposite pole. a\. Dyads b\. Tetrads c\. Chromatids d\. Monads 29\. The cross by which involves contrasting expressions of one trait. a\. Dihydrid cross b\. Monohybrid cross c\. Hybrid cross s\. Testcross 30\. An inherited factor that determines a biological characteristics of an organism. a\. allele b\. gene c\. gamete d\. genome 31\. The two individual genes in a particular gene pair. a\. gamete b\. alleles c\. recessive d\. dominant 32\. A gene pair in an organism contains two identical alleles. a\. Dominance b\. Heterozygous c\. Homozygous d\. Recessive 33\. The two different alleles are present in a single gene pair. a\. Dominance b\. Recessive c\. Heterozygous d\. Homozygous 34\. This refer to the appearance of an organism or all biological appearances , including chemical structural, and behavioral attitudes, that one can observe about an organism but excludes its genetics constitution. a\. Genotype b\. Phenotype c\. Karyotype d\. Homozygote 35\. This refers to the genetics factors that influence the appearance or define only the complement of genetic material that an organism inherits from its parent. a\. Genotype b\. Phenotype c\. Heterozygote d\. Homozygote 36\. The determination of the dominant and the recessive genes allows one to predict the characteristics of the offspring of a given cross. a\. Dihybrid cross b\. Monohybrid cross c\. Hybrid cross d\. Testcross or backcross 37\. This laws hold the probability of the simultaneously occurrence of two independent events equal the product of the probabilities of their separate occurrences. a\. Principle of segregation b\. Law of Independent Assortment c\. Mendel's Law of Segregation d\. Product Law of Probability 38\. This illustrated where the heterozygote exhibits a mixture of the phenotypic characters of both homozygotes, instead of a single intermediate expression. a\. Codominance b\. Dominance c\. Complete dominance d\. Incomplete dominance 39\. This is one that causes of the death of an organism. a\. Dominant lethal b\. Lethal gene c\. Modifier gene d\. Gene interaction 40\. Genes that change the phenotypic effects of other genes in a quantitative fashion. a\. Gene interaction b\. Phenotype c\. Modifier gene d\. Genotype 41\. One of the common diagrams used to predict the result of crossbreeding. a\. Pearson's square b\. Punnett square c\. Chi-square d\. Analysis of Variance 42\. Modifiers which exist and completely suppress the phenotypic expression of the mutant gene - a\. Suppressors b\. Modifier genes c\. Complete dominance d\. Incomplete dominance 43\. The degree to which an organism\'s genes contribute to a complex trait. a\. Hereditary b\. Heredity c\. Heritability d\. Genetics 44\. The full set of hereditary material in an organism. a\. Genotype b\. Genome c\. Phenotype d\. Epistasis 45\. The organism that have only one copy of each chromosome. a\. Diploid b\. Haploid c\. Allele d\. Recessive 46\. The organism contains two of each chromosome and thus two copies of every gene. a\. dominance b\. recessive c\. haploid d\. diploid 47\. The process by which the cells divided, full genome is copied and each daughter cell inherits one copy and it simplest form of reproduction and basis for asexual reproduction. a\. meiosis b\. mitosis c\. cell division d\. nuclear division 48\. The offspring that is genetically identical to their parents. a\. gene b\. clones c\. allele d\. recessive 49\. This law state that genes for different characters are inherited independently of one another or that member of one pair of alleles segregate independently to the other pairs. a\. Principle of Segregation b\. Product Law of Probability c\. Law of Independent Assortment d\. Mendel's law of Segregation 50\. The mating of individuals differing in two pairs of genes. a\. dihybrid cross b\. monohybrid cross c\. backcross d\. hybrid cross 51\. The type of interaction whereby one gene pair hide the effect of the other and the novel phenotype does not appear. a\. epistasis b\. recessive epistasis c\. phenotypic d\. duplicate dominant epistasis 52\. Any one of three or more genes may occupy a given locus in a particular pair of homologous chromosomes. a\. multiple alleles b\. allele c\. homozygote d\. homozygous 53\. A number of genes seem to be involved in the rejection or tolerance of tissue transplants. a\. Histocompatibility genes or loci b\. modifier genes c\. dominant d\. recessive 54\. These define as genes with a small effect on a particular character that can supplement each other to produce observable quantitative changes. a\. phenotype b\. recessive c\. trait d\. polygenes 55\. This is a group of related symptoms characterizing a certain disease. a\. sign b\. symptoms c\. disease d\. illness 56\. A condition where some hermaphrodites show cells containing both XX and XY chromosomes. a\. Genetic mosaicism b\. Genetic dilution c\. Genetic hybrid d\. Genetic frequency 57\. Linkage where genes are so closely associated that they are always inherited together, linkage between them. a\. Incomplete linkage b\. Sex linkage c\. Complete linkage d\. X-linked gene 58\. Linkage where not complete and genes pairs assort at least partially independent of each other - a\. Incomplete linkage b\. Complete linkage c\. Sex-linked inheritance d\. Sex linkage 59\. The process of exchange of part between the homologous chromosomes. a\. Shipment b\. Inversion c\. Back cross d\. Crossing-over 60\. The genes that located exclusively on the X-chromosomes. a\. Sex-linked genes b\. Mutator genes c\. Holandric genes d\. Sex-limited genes 61\. Genes that occur only on the Y chromosome can produce their effect only in males. a\. Sex-linked genes b\. Mutator genes c\. Holandric genes d\. Sex-limited genes 62\. These are those whose phenotypic expression is determined by the presence or absence of one of the sex hormones. a\. Sex-limited genes b\. Sex-influenced genes c\. Sex-linked genes d\. Sex-linkage 63\. These are those whose dominance is influenced by the sex of the bearer. a\. Sex-limited genes b\. Sex-influenced genes c\. Sex-limited genes d\. Complete linkage 64\. The relationship between sex determination and presence of particular chromosomes. a\. Sex-linkage genes b\. Sex-limited linkage c\. Sex-linkage d\. Incomplete linkage 65\. This refers to changes involving the whole genome or the entire set of chromosomes. a\. Aeuploidy b\. polyploidy c\. Euploidy d\. allopolyploid 66\. This is occurring when one or more chromosomes of normal set are lacking of characterized by incomplete genome. a\. allopolyploid b\. euploidy c\. aeuploidy d\. polyploidy 67\. These refer to any organism in which the number of complete set exceeds that of the diploid. a\. polyploid b\. aeuploidy c\. allotetraploid d\. allopolyploid 68\. This is occurring when polyploids may develop and be developed from hybrids between different species. a\. polyploidy b\. euploidy c\. allopolyploids d\. allotetraploid 69\. This refers to the organism which has two genomes from each of the two ancestral species. a\. allotetraploids b\. allopolyploids c\. polyploidy d\. euploidy 70\. The presence of a section in chromosomes in excess of the normal amount. a\. Inversion b\. Duplication or Repeats c\. Translocation d\. Transversion 71\. The rotation of a chromosome segment to a full 180^0^ a\. Transversion b\. Inversion c\. Translocation d\. Duplication 72\. The transfer of a location of one chromosome to a non-homologous chromosome. a\. Transversion b\. Translocation c\. Inversion d\. Repeats 73\. This refers to the point mutation or a result of base pair substitution. a\. Mutation b\. Modifier genes c\. Mutagenic agent d\. Gene mutation 74\. These refer to genes that cause cancer. a\. Edward\'s syndrome b\. Down Syndrome c\. Controlling element d\. Oncogenes 75\. The sequence of bases in one strand of the double helix accurately predicts the sequence of bases in the other complementary strand. a\. Replication fork b\. Transfer RNA c\. Genetic Information d\. DNA Replication 76\. The junction between the separate strands and the remaining double helix. a\. Replication fork b\. DNA replication c\. Genetic information d\. Transfer RNA 77\. These carried by DNA from cell to cell and from generation to generation. a\. Heredity b\. Evolution c\. Genetics d\. Genetic information 78\. An intermediate molecule that carries the information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm. a\. Deoxyribonucleic Acid b\. Ribonucleic Acid c\. Ribosomal RNA d\. Transfer RNA 79\. These refer to the information stored in DNA and ultimately translated into amino acid sequence of proteins. a\. Transfer RNA b\. Messenger RNA c\. Genetic Information d\. Genetic code 80\. A messenger RNA triplet that code for each amino acid. a\. code b\. codon c\. ribosome d\. cytoplasm 81\. This has been named transcription, meaning \"to copy over\". a\. Ribosomal RNA b\. Messenger RNA c\. Transfer RNA d\. RNA synthesis 82\. A long, single-stranded molecule that includes the codons that will be translated into the amino acid sequence of a protein. a\. Ribosomal RNA b\. Transfer RNA c\. RNA synthesis d\. Messenger RNA 83\. A complex molecules, twisted about into a shape something like three-leaf clover with a stem. a\. RNA synthesis b\. Ribosomal RNA c\. Messenger RNA d\. Transfer RNA 84\. This refers to which the genes for relations function lie next to one another. a\. Operons b\. Exons c\. Introns d\. Enhancer 85\. This is the coding segments which are express in protein. a\. Introns b\. Exons c\. Operons d\. Enhancer 86\. This is the non-coding segment which they intervene between the exons. a\. Exons b\. Enhancer c\. Introns d\. Operons 87\. This regulates binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter. a\. Enhancer b\. Exons c\. Operons d\. Introns 88\. This referred to as recombinant DNA or molecular cloning. a\. Cloning b\. Hybridization c\. Recombinant DNA technology d\. Genetic engineering 89\. An offspring possessing of only maternal chromosome - a\. gynogen b\. transgenic b\. genome d\. hybrid 90\. Which of the following is the most salt tolerant tilapia species? a\. Java tilapia b\. Nile tilapia c\. *Oreochromis hornotum* d\. *Oreochromis aureus* 91\. The method of chromosomal manipulation wherein both set of chromosomes came from paternal parent. a\. polyploidy b\. haploidy c\. transgenesis d\. androgenesis 92\. Synthetic male hormones that is used for direct hormonal sex reversal to sexually undifferentiated tilapia - a\. super phosphate b\. methyl estrogen c\. methyl testosterone d\. propyl testosterone 93\. A group of individuals derived from a common genetic origin - a\. strain b\. phylogeny c\. transgenic d\. stock 94\. A mating in which a hybrid is crossed with a parental type - a\. sex reversal b\. back cross c\. gynogen d\. transgenic 95\. Male parent in a cross - a\. dame b\. sire c\. breeder d\. smolt 96\. An approach to selective breeding where top performing individuals from a mixed population are selected - a\. mass selection b\. hybridization c\. inbreeding method d\. transgenic manipulation 97\. A technique for genetic improvement where a specific recombinant genes is inserted for rapid improvement of growth (when inserted with specific genes associated with growth control). a\. ploidy manipulation b\. hybridization c\. androgenetic d\. transgenic manipulation 98\. A selection method which aim to reduce variation within a population - a\. directional selection b\. stabilizing selection c\. disruptive selection d\. random selection 99\. The spontaneous process that produces a gene or chromosome set differing from the wild-type - a\. mutation b\. gene transfer b\. cloning d\. genetic manipulation 100\. In this system, sex is determined by the presence of Y chromosome - a\. Heterogametic male/ homogametic female system b\. Homogametic male/ heterogametic female system c\. Autosomal system d\. Environmental system **Aquaculture\_set K** **Answer key** 1\. a 26\. c 51\. a 76\. a -------- -------- -------- --------- 2\. c 27\. b 52\. a 77\. d 3\. a 28\. d 53\. a 78\. b 4\. a 29\. b 54\. d 79\. d 5\. d 30\. b 55\. b 80\. b 6\. b 31\. b 56\. a 81\. d 7\. c 32\. c 57\. c 82\. d 8\. c 33\. c 58\. a 83\. d 9\. c 34\. d 59\. d 84\. a 10\. d 35\. a 60\. a 85\. b 11\. b 36\. d 61\. c 86\. c 12\. a 37\. d 62\. a 87\. a 13\. b 38\. a 63\. b 88\. d 14\. c 39\. b 64\. c 89\. a 15\. b 40\. c 65\. c 90\. a 16\. d 41\. b 66\. c 91\. d 17\. a 42\. b 67\. a 92\. c 18\. c 43\. c 68\. c 93\. a 19\. b 44\. b 69\. a 94\. b 20\. d 45\. b 70\. b 95\. b 21\. b 46\. d 71\. b 96\. a 22\. b 47\. b 72\. b 97\. d 23\. c 48\. b 73\. d 98\. b 24\. a 49\. c 74\. d 99\. a 25\. a 50\. a 75\. d 100\. a