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# Types of Lava The viscosity of lava determines the characteristics of the volcanic eruption. * **Fluid Lavas:** allow gases to escape smoothly and are associated with calm eruptions. * **Viscous Lavas:** retain gases and are associated with violent, explosive eruptions. They can form "volcanic n...

# Types of Lava The viscosity of lava determines the characteristics of the volcanic eruption. * **Fluid Lavas:** allow gases to escape smoothly and are associated with calm eruptions. * **Viscous Lavas:** retain gases and are associated with violent, explosive eruptions. They can form "volcanic needles". # Types of Volcanic Activity (Factors that condition the type of volcanic eruption are: magma viscosity, the amount of gases present in the magma, and the ease with which they are released into the atmosphere). ## Effusive Eruptions: * Slow and continuous emission of lava that can travel long distances. * Lava forms rivers of lava (extensive flows). * Fluid lava * Gentle gas release. ## Mixed Eruptions: * Periods of fluid lava emission alternating with explosive periods. * Short lava flows. * Little pyroclast projection. ## Explosive Eruptions: * Projection of large amounts of solid materials (often in the form of explosions that can be heard kilometers away). * Violent gas expulsion. * Viscous lava. * Lava can solidify within the volcanic vent and form volcanic needles. The same volcano can exhibit various activity types throughout its geological history. The viscosity of the magma depends on its chemical composition and temperature. # Where is volcanic activity predominant on the planet? * Ring of Fire (Pacific) * Mediterranean Belt * Atlantic Ocean # Secondary Volcanic Manifestations Also called attenuated or residual volcanism. These are manifestations that occur before, during, and after the main volcanic activity. It consists of emissions of liquids and gases and includes the following varieties: * **Hot Springs/Thermal Springs:** Sources of hot water rich in minerals. * **Fumaroles:** Vapor escapes through vents near volcanoes. These emissions may also contain other gases, they are categorized as follows: * **Sulfataras:** When gases emitted are rich in sulfur. * **Mofetas:** When gases emitted are toxic (e.g., carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide). * **Geysers:** Intermittent and periodic jets of water and steam at high temperature from the Earth's interior, heated by magma.