Applied Kin. ch 4 Lecture Notes PDF

There\'s a big difference between memorizing stuff and then truly understanding it if you cannot explain these topics and essentially teach it to each other. And you\'re falling short of what it\'ll take to be successful. If you can take the material, chunks of material, and look. And then find a fr...

There\'s a big difference between memorizing stuff and then truly understanding it if you cannot explain these topics and essentially teach it to each other. And you\'re falling short of what it\'ll take to be successful. If you can take the material, chunks of material, and look. And then find a friend, find a roommate who knows nothing about the body and try to explain it to them. Or come to my office and try to explain it to me. Then you\'ll see how kind of where you stand. Huge difference. You\'re trying just memorizing material once they get back out and then truly starting to understand how our body works and being able to explain section. Still tons and tons of time left but if you were not happy with your grade. Again, there are several things to look at. What are you treating your job here at CSU like? It\'s your full time job? Are you truly putting in the time that you\'ve learned? This is a class that\'s gonna require more time. You probably have another one that\'s requiring a good bit of time. Maybe we can maybe freak out. And then probably one or two that don\'t require nearly as much time and that\'s just typically how it goes. I promise this last day see you through if you see it through and it will better prepare you for the classes that are to come because if you think this ones hard. They get harder, as does life. More challenging it\'s supposed to be more rewarding but more challenging OK so here we go you\'re examines when next Friday OK we have two chapters left these are two big chapters I told you we go pretty fast and we do labs are. Great opportunity to take the time with your partner to utilize the time that you\'re given to utilize the. Assistant that we have or need to go over stuff to try to explain and try to teach it to each other. You got time wisely. There. We\'ll take that. We\'ll kind of go over what we did a little bit last week. And then moves throughout the rest of Chapter 4. Last year I can amatic motion is what. Joint session, do you want moving? Generally one bone moves on another. And we have already classified all those different types of osteopathic questions, right? Flexion and extension and enduction, internal external rotation. Then we moved on and we talked about well as far as osteo kinematics, you can have passive version, which means what you are not using muscles. So there\'s someone or something is moving that joint throughout its available range of motion, whereas active motion means you are contracting your muscles. To move a joint or to move a bone through space. And then we ended the class with Indos and Infill as well. To many give it to me in your own words. Angie, what you got for info without looking at your next reading off your notes is not your heart. Who\'s stealing it? Very good. So whoever it is it it is a technique and we in which we use to determine whether the feeling of an end range of motion is normal and normal makes tissues in the way but supposed to be in the way OK or abnormal, which means. We can\'t get a good normal feeling because something abnormal is going on. OK, so it\'s the resistance denoted at the end of a range of motion when overpressure is applied. And then we classified it as normal. Normal just means that some type of tissue, either heart tissue, was our heart tissue. Bone or soft tissue? And what options do we have for soft tissue? Everything else, the capsule is soft tissue. Ligaments or soft tissue, Muscle and soft tissue, Tendons or soft tissue. Hmm. Is what\'s limiting our motion. So what tissue is responsible for limiting? Then we have normal infills. For now, we classify them as three different infills. We have a Bony infill. We have a soft tissue stretch, kind of soft tissue approximation. And as we\'ve done several times in class, we\'ve said a couple of these terms are synonymous. So under normal we have Bony. You can also call that part. We have soft tissue stretch. I\'m just going to shorten it here. That is firm and then we have soft tissue approximation and that\'s going to be soft. You can use any of those. Preferably use them correctly, but Bony and Phil is the same as a hardened. So soft tissue stretch is the same as a firm infill. Soft tissue approximation is the same as a soft infill. So if we said we\'re trying to identify the tissues that gets in the way here and it\'s all a heart infill, guess what is getting in the way and not in the way in an abnormal way, in a normal way we end of the joints are intermission. The infill is hard because bone is. Bumping into button. Soft tissue stretch or firm, What do you think? It\'s probably the feeling at that end range of motion. It\'s firm. There\'s a little bit of balance or give to it, whatever those tissues we listed you think? Was in this category muscle? That be soft, don\'t blame it. Usually ligament capsule, OK. So then what\'s left for that tissue approximation? OK, there we go. Say something of muscles as being like soft. So I guess with my brain just didn\'t like put muscles as like soft in my brain. You know what I mean? Ohh let\'s. Alright, so when you did the elbow the other day and you asked for permission to touch your partner and you went into your extension and flexion of the elbow, those are two different intervals. This is not just the elbow has an Intel, the motion has an infill, right? So what 2 motions do you have at the elbow? Question or extension? What do you think? Election. Access your approximation because what\'s running into each other in varying amounts? Muscles. The muscles of your forearm run into the muscles of your bicep. Yes. Alright, OK, OK. How about extension? It\'s Bernie isn\'t really about the only Bony until we classify, because what happens, what shape or shape does, what dictate dictates motion, and it dictated in this case it does. Take your skeletons and extend them and tell me what\'s happening. That would be lovely. Like the electron process, which is a little lower, that\'s what fits directly into the electron spot. So that friends is phony. And then one of the other goes where? The middle of the right people goes into her OK and firm is just not soft. Soft means tissue from growing into each other. Because we said when you talk about motion, the amount of degrees of motion is usually limited by what the most, in this case, muscles running into each other in varying amounts so that you have. That\'s our tissue approximating somebody. Or a little less soft tissue, but it is still soft tissue approximation. Most everything else falls into the firm category. Now if you wanna go on PT school and you\'re going to further go into like a leathery capsular infill. But right now we just put these here. All right, so that\'s a big. Three options. Admiral Demons, what? The infill is not normal. Something\'s happened. Admiralty present pain when there\'s muscle guarding, when there\'s swelling, when there\'s structures in the way that shouldn\'t be there and we look at. Different ones. 20 Foggy muscle spasm, empty and springy block. OK. What\'s happening about abnormal Intel? Broken. Ohh it couldn\'t be broken. Doesn\'t have to be. What do you say? What do you think? I thought I heard something over there, so I just think I\'m Madison. What\'s in the way? But that shouldn\'t be there. Can it be broken? Yes. What else could it be? Like a benchmark, which is an Aussie. OK. Can\'t be broken. Ohh doesn\'t have to be. Like all of you guys are looking at this on Twitch since let\'s just go to the easy one. It usually means that range of motion is limited to what by what would be the presence of edema. Edema is a good term, better term for. Swelling. That joint is bogged down. By extra fluid and if you\'ve ever sprained your ankle first couple of days after what\'s it like swollen and it is swollen, what\'s the movement look like? Are you going to get normal like Dorsey flexion, Plantar flexion? Nope it\'s just it\'s body, it is edematous. By pushing. Not only an ankle sprain. That\'s your example. You know. Yes. And now I will specify on anything that I ask. Yeah, I\'ll say what\'s the normal infill for the extension elbow this, blah, blah, blah. Muscle spasm. What is limiting normal range of motion? The muscles, yes. The muscle is spattering so it is generally protected. Painful. And we cannot get to my joints and range of motion, motion motion. Joints in range of motion because of a spasm. That would be an abnormal info. Muscle guarding is a good description. Think about it this way, if you just had surgery, shoulder surgery, labral repair, rotator cuff repair, whatever, you had surgery and then you\'ve been in a brace held like this for like 4 weeks and now it is time to get out of the brace. And to start regaining motion when that PT group when they\'re not going to ride your shoulder, but when they take your shoulder and they start to move it through brush your shoulder and do is it just say sure, take it and let it go. It\'s gonna there\'s muscles are going to wet the type protective. It\'s going to be painful and they\'re going to guard right Empty. You had a couple of couple of ways. I think you\'re both just says that movement engenders pain. Empty means can\'t get there, so the internal is empty because the patient athlete, whoever it is, is just not gonna let you do it because they know that it\'s painful. There\'s another way to describe an empty infill. Which would be that an infill is expected. But it\'s not there, and that\'s very often with the ligaments. Taylor, like an ACL tear. They\'ll describe that as empty. When the injuries happen, they go through the little black man or the interior drawer test and take the tibia. That\'s a little hamburger grip that you see those athletic trainers do your PC and they pull. And it just what? Just going ohh, yeah, yeah, a lot of times the sensitivity and specificity of those tests are pretty poor because what else is happening? Right after an injury, it\'s painful, there\'s muscle spasm, so you can\'t get a true, true feeling. Either way. So that would be empty. So either movement and gender spending. Basically there is no. Mechanical. Limitation. I believe your book says that exactly. No mechanical limitation. Block. Exactly what it says and there is some type of internal derangement. So when you try to take a joint to its end range of motion instead of getting to its normal end, what happens? It\'s friends back. Meniscus, tears of the name, or even more common ways to see a springy block. Trapped in this gets to take it towards full extension and then you get close to it and it kind of bounces back. Hit this internal derangement. And very often, excuse me, it is the torn, torn or tear that gives you that spring. You block you. Crap, that tear of the meniscus. That video like. That shows it to you and it just kind of bounces back. Which one bucket you said usually bucket handle or more so. Ohh God. Gets in the way, it stops. Remind me? OK. So osteo kinematic joint movement. Enfield, the feeling at the end of our range of motion without active range of motion. Person versus passive range of motion. This is bone or joint movement. Arthur cinematics, Is that what\'s going on at this point? This is where that shape really, really comes into play. Arthur kinematics, regardless of what this next terminology that we look at, is not under voluntary control. You cannot make your joint surface move. Less it\'s coming by way of enjoying life and passing motion, or you can\'t just make it bold letters and without making the joint itself. OK. So it\'s accessory motion terminology? These are accessory motions occurring under our umbrella of Arthur kinematics. What\'s going on in the joint surface? Component motions. These are small. Are there kinematic motions that accompany active? Small Are there kinematic motions that accompany? Active osteo kinematic motions. Takes that definition, but it occurs when. Small perfect kinematic questions. Cancel it. Last year. And then after just knowing the difference, those terms, not a big deal. Because we classify them as a role like Glide. Of course. Let\'s knock these out next. Joint mobilization is a technique. It is applied. By giving an external force. To a patient or client or an athlete, whoever you want, whatever you want to look into that. Is a technique in which a clinician applies an external force. Not external forces to generate passive question. Relation is another technique, and this technique you see very often done by characters. PT AT sometimes depends on the manner depends on. What you can do within your practice act It is a high velocity, low amplitude movement. Applied with soul intent to improve motion. So let\'s let\'s think about it in relatively simple terms. If the shoulder person, they\'ve had surgery, they\'ve been stuck for a while. When you come out of that brace and or whatever contraption or sling or whatever that\'s, that\'s all we\'re gonna kind of look like this really, really stiff. They\'re really still gonna kind of look like this. So this is all of these osteo kinematic motions are going to be what limited but for six weeks what\'s also been going on at the joint. Surface. Has it been moving either? Come to the direct surface sticks. It\'s also sticky or stiff or limited. And if we know that Arthur kinematic motion is motion that occurs at the joint surface, but it\'s not volitional, you can\'t make it happen without osteo kinematic motion. You are going to see clinicians PT. Whoever go in and mobilize the joint a lot of times before you ever start osteo kinematic motion. Because again, if you\'ve been in the sling for a few weeks and you gotta lift your arm, what\'s it gonna look like? Everything\'s gonna go right because that joint surface is not mobile vault and the sockets. Going to be like this and they\'re all going to kind of move together. We\'re normal motion means what in order for abduction to occur, this has to move pretty smoothly. So this is what we\'re going to focus on. So joint mobilization would be going in and applying passive motion to improve the ordinary kinematics. That surface manipulation is usually done when you\'re a lot of times under anesthesia. Not only in under anesthesia anesthesia that\'s usually done by a surgeon. Do you realize that was done by non compliant patients? What does that mean? They don\'t wanna do it? Yeah, they haven\'t done what they\'re supposed to do. So see a lot in total knee replacements, some shoulders, some elbow issues, sometimes ACL reconstruction. And it\'s not always that the patient is non compliant, sometimes things just. You\'re well. And so they\'ll go, they\'ll put you to sleep, and then they\'re gonna crack, crack, crack, pop and open up the capsule as much as they can. PT\'s also do great pass manipulations. Chiropractors do that\'s allowed. James White where you see PTS and chiropractors kind of buttheads who believes that they have the best approach to it or ownership of it. But that is taking a joint or taking a body part to the end range of motion, applying a high velocity, low amplitude movement plugins, it\'s done. The spine can be done in other areas as well. So so hang on to those. These are gonna be really important. And now let\'s talk about some of the forces. Then we\'re going to go back to shape of the bone and spend the rest of our time here today. These are forces that we see at joint surfaces. You can have a traction or distraction or tensile. Those all can be used interchangeably if you have attraction for that. The joint surface is what\'s happening with traction. Things distraction and means tensile tensions being placed. Pull it. What what are you doing to the joint services? So first we\'re pulling them apart apart or distracting them or applying a tensile longitudinal force in which joint surfaces are being pulled apart. If you jump up to a pull up bar or to a bar of some sort and you just hang it, that type of forces that trapped shoulder yellow. Is that like kind of like the inversion tables? Text if you then approximate or compress a joint. Now what are you doing to the two surfaces I\'m pushing? Put together. How do you compress the momentum operator? What is it like? OK, OK. What do you have to take the services and do what? Push them closed in order to push them close? Or what do you want to do? You gotta wait here. You gotta apply for so you have to wait here. Laying against the wall, push up something in which you were taking the head of the humerus from within my closet and moving them closer together. Sheer, sheer forces are colliding forces. Those forces occur parallel to the surface, the perpendicular. Typically, how does an ACL torn? Non context wise. What type of horse? Here. This plan is to be is there what keeps going? Femur keeps going. A lot of times it\'s sheer, but also fortunate or twisting. Desert into anything. So the surfaces are gliding, but it\'s parallel. Sorry, surfaces are gliding. Parallel to the surface. Ohh my gosh. Courses are parallel. Surfaces are gliding but perpendicular to the banks. They have two combination horses that we look at. Person is visiting with Rotary and impending force generally other than some type of vertical force. And you end up with compression on one side and traction on the other. So I think if this femur undergoes a binding force and usually we. Compression. Depression is on the concave side without forgetting the shape shift. So something comes along and makes this bone bend. The force would come here. What\'s happening on this side? I mean Benzer that there\'s some notable. You\'re gonna compress on this side and then what happens here? The trash. On the part of the joint surface or the joint connections, the compression here and then the result is that the bond spins. Three things were injured. Fearful Triad. What do you think they are? Yeah, in Seattle ACL and which ones? There aren\'t any more traumatic injuries to me. Where is the glow coming from? From outside it\'s usually a helmet head person comes here. And what happens this side is compressed right? Watch out show you some pictures from this side is compressed. What happens here this side opens up you know cops ACL usually tigers in and usually goes when you go with this case as well. That is amending force. A Rotary force is what? Cortana, you\'re twisting, Twisting. Everything. Everything. So for I know you\'d like explained it all, but for can you in a shorter way explain the bending those a lot? So just the just the whole OK, gotcha. I mean, just think about it for it\'s it\'s something makes a bone bend, it compresses on one side of the tracks on the other, OK. Do you go to break your pen or pencil? What\'s going to happen? Yeah, push it. Middle snaps on the one side. Yes, thank you. OK now so my channel but this shape dictates motion. Ohh sorry. Try Kelly. Kelly dead this morning. It is, but you know what? I didn\'t get back from a volleyball tournament till 11:00 last night and I was up at 5:30. I can do it at 46. Not to mention all the emotions that watching your child come back from her second ACL tear and do all the things again. Momma\'s heart tired. Circles are dark. You got a job to do. OK, the type of motion that occurs at a joint is dictated by the shape of the articulating bones. Most joints. When you look at that, when you have your skeleton and you study, that\'s all. How many months do we have, 206? Most joints have one convex span and one prime. My background paper referring to the shape. And we call those generally an ovoid joint. That\'s one promise. Most of our students are. However, we have a couple of cellar joints and then the seller joint. It\'s also called a saddle joint. Each phone has both convex and concave properties. But we\'re going to spend most of our time talking about what a joint in which you have one convex and one convention. Alright, see where you were. Maybe one computer. That\'s fine if you have the ability to Draw Something, please. I want you to draw. A hip. And again shoulder. Nothing fancy, just depends. Definition. That\'s fine. Unless you\'re just really artistically blessed and you can\'t make fun of. OK, so you have one convex both of these, the hips gonna be very much like the shoulder. If one convex bone one concave what? Which do you think is which maybe not think because I hope that you\'re right. So you have an idea why not? Concave sounds like what OK it takes. OK, so it\'s gonna be the one that curves in. Convex is gonna be like the head of the femur, the head of the humours. And what part of the knee? No way. So the name is what? The distal end of the femur? Proximal end of the tibia? Which one looks convex to you? Which one looks convex? Convexus Humor. OK. Now the only thing here there\'s there\'s just two things. Those are condos, but overall these are convex. This is concave. 1st is the saddle joint. Saddle joint. Each bone has button close, convex and concave properties, so think about a second you\'re gonna get on the worst. And when you get on that saddle from front to back, what\'s the shape from front to back? Concave where you were bringing your legs across from left to right is what? Convex. OK, so saddle joints we find better thumb base of our thumb. You need to start thinking about shapes and cracks. And now let\'s put these motions in here together. Or we can do it in 6 minutes. The less I have to do in the lab. So the types of Arthur, kinematic motion, do you have it rolled, you have a glide and you have a skin? We analyze these at our. Over a lot of our overall joints. Not all of them. So in our role. And I don\'t mean this condescendingly, but think of these terms, as simple as they could be, in a role. If you have a ball rolling down a ramp, as far as points of contact on the ball versus points of contact on the ring, what\'s happening? Different points of contact throughout the whole collection. Literally. Rolling down the hill. New points of contact. Throughout the election. Like when you walk? All the way from your heel all the way to the tip of the tongue before you lift it up and started over again. Whereas the glider slide. Now instead of the ball, you take a box and push it down the ramp or across the floor. What\'s going on with you glide something same surface moving against a different surface movement? Yep, the joint surface moves parallel to the plane of the adjoining surface. So instead of walking now we can you be doing this would be linear or gliding. Like skating, ice skating, roller skating. Ohh don\'t think rollers killing the surface but something where you are flapping. And then? Yep. Ball there can do both right? OK ball and you roll it. What\'s happening? It is rolling. I can also take the ball and left. Glide. What else can I do with the ball? It\'s been so spin is like a top. That\'s one point of contact spinning. Rotation of a movable surface on a fixed surface. They need to do all three. We\'ll stick to the natures doing 2 for a long time and then at the end of the semester will be spinning shoulder. And do all three. What text as far as some texts don\'t do not do as beneficial part, but we won\'t get it. We\'re going to introduce this rule roll call. That\'s called the convex concave rule. So shape determines motion. Still the same thing should determines motion, a concave joint. Moves in the same direction as the body segment expression. Then the opposite is going to be true for a convex joint. And I hope you\'re going, but how do I know whether a joint is contacts or concave? How do you say? Crime is there. We have a context, Tom Cabral. You\'re gonna have a convex role and concave rule. As far as what applies. A concave joint is going to move in the same direction as the body segments function. Convex joint is going to move in opposition. But the most joints there we said they were going to analyze have one convex bone and one concave bone. How do you determine which folder flies? This is the plane that it\'s moving in. I don\'t know. I\'m guessing that. OK, OK. It depends on which bone is moving. You name it, you decide it, I\'m going to move the whole thing. So in the name was the movable man. What does the name do? It flexes and extends over the movable back. Stand up. What\'s the movie when you stand up? No, I don\'t like. Pick your leg up. What\'s the move? What\'s the movement occurring? That\'s neat Extension. What\'s the movable button? Will you stick? The tibia is moving on the femur when you stand up now what\'s happening? The tibia is fixed. The femur is alright. We\'ll pick up with that. This lab will probably go with the majority of the where