Application Lecture 4 - Pervasive and Social Sensing PDF

11/2/17 7COM1030 – Multicast and Multimedia Networking Dr. Xianhui Che (Cherry) [email protected] School of Computer Science...

11/2/17 7COM1030 – Multicast and Multimedia Networking Dr. Xianhui Che (Cherry) [email protected] School of Computer Science University of Hertfordshire, UK 7COM1030 – Multicast and Multimedia Networking } Pervasive Sensing } Social Sensing } Internet of Things Application Lecture 4 – Pervasive and Social Sensing 1  11/2/17 7COM1030 – Multicast and Multimedia Networking } The need for understanding, serving, and controlling the physical world demands the emergence of sensing everywhere. Collaborative and pervasive sensing is the future. } People’s ownership of smartphones can make pervasive sensing a reality. Picture from Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks: Challenges and Opportunities, Sajal K. Das, University of Texas, 2011 Application Lecture 4 – Pervasive and Social Sensing 7COM1030 – Multicast and Multimedia Networking } Smartphones as sensing nodes: § A typical iPhone 5 has eight built-in sensors: accelerometer, GPS, ambient light, dual microphones, proximity sensor, dual cameras, compass, and gyroscope. } Since smart phones are rich in processing and storage resources, they can act as management nodes in a wide range of sensor network deployments. } Well-established wireless/mobile technologies act as reliable and hassle-free underlying communication protocols. § WiFi, bluetooth, GPRS, 3G, 4G… Application Lecture 4 – Pervasive and Social Sensing 2  11/2/17 7COM1030 – Multicast and Multimedia Networking } Dual microphones (audio sensor) } Dual cameras (image sensor) } GPS (location sensor) } Accelerometer and gyroscope (orientation sensor) } Magnetometer (magnetic sensor) } Motion sensor } Ambient light sensor } Proximity sensor } Finger print sensor (identity sensor) } Barometer (air pressure sensor) } Altimeter (altitude sensor) Application Lecture 4 – Pervasive and Social Sensing 7COM1030 – Multicast and Multimedia Networking } Truly wide area communication – iPhone can be anywhere away from home } Control appliances and electronic devices } Live surveillance video feed } Cost may incur on personal mobile data usage, such as 3G, 4G Application Lecture 4 – Pervasive and Social Sensing 3  11/2/17 7COM1030 – Multicast and Multimedia Networking } Not compulsory to establish friend circles } Location-aware imaging sharing } Short data lives to achieve “live data” } Categories: traffic, news, traffic, emergency } Questions remain for the areas of applications Application Lecture 4 – Pervasive and Social Sensing 7COM1030 – Multicast and Multimedia Networking } Pervasive Sensing } Social Sensing } Internet of Things Application Lecture 4 – Pervasive and Social Sensing 4  11/2/17 7COM1030 – Multicast and Multimedia Networking } Social sensing is a cutting-edge concept that takes advantage of both smartphone sensing and social network activities. § Still in research stage. } A background reading paper is provided: Reading/Smartphone Based Social Sensing } To understand social sensing, it is also essential to obtain knowledge of social networks. Application Lecture 4 – Pervasive and Social Sensing 7COM1030 – Multicast and Multimedia Networking } Sociability is a metric that measures the strength of a user’s connection to his/her social group. § In other words, it represents the quantity and quality of his/her relations with other users in the social network. } This measurement can be derived based on based on network constraint. } In a social network, the network constraint for a node quantifies the strength of the node’s connectivity. § For any two persons in a social network, a person with lower network constraint value is considered to have higher strength in terms of connectivity. Application Lecture 4 – Pervasive and Social Sensing 5  11/2/17 7COM1030 – Multicast and Multimedia Networking } The network constraint Ni for a node i in a social network is measured as: } where pij is the proportion of time i spent with j, i.e., the total time spent by i with j divided by the total time spent by i with all users in the network. Application Lecture 4 – Pervasive and Social Sensing 7COM1030 – Multicast and Multimedia Networking } Assume that A spent 5 hours with B and 5 hours with C, and B and C did not spend any time with each other. } The fraction of time A spent with B is 0.5 and with C is 0.5 and these are represented as weights in the graph. However, B has spent time only with A, therefore the weight of the edge (B,A) is one, similarly the weight of edge (C,A) is one too. } The ranking with respect to decreasing order of sociability (or increasing order of network constraint) is: A(0.5), B(1.25), C(1.25). Since A distributes his/her time between two contacts, he/she is less constrained than B and C, therefore A is more sociable. Application Lecture 4 – Pervasive and Social Sensing 6  11/2/17 7COM1030 – Multicast and Multimedia Networking } Pervasive Sensing } Social Sensing } Internet of Things Application Lecture 4 – Pervasive and Social Sensing 7COM1030 – Multicast and Multimedia Networking } The Internet of Things is the intelligent connectivity of physical devices driving massive gains in efficiency, business growth, and quality of life. Application Lecture 4 – Pervasive and Social Sensing 7  11/2/17 7COM1030 – Multicast and Multimedia Networking 50 50 Billion 40 “Smart Objects” BILLIONS OF DEVICES Rapid Adoption 30 Rate of Digital Infrastructure: 5X Faster Than Electricity and Telephony 20 25 Inflection Point 12.5 10 World Population 7.2 7.6 6.8 0 TIMELINE 2010 2015 2020 Sou rce: Cisco IBSG, 2 0 1 1 Application Lecture 4 – Pervasive and Social Sensing 7COM1030 – Multicast and Multimedia Networking People Process Connecting People in More Delivering the Right Information Relevant, Valuable Ways to the Right Person (or Machine) at the Right Time IoE Data Things Physical Devices and Objects Leveraging Data into Connected to the Internet and More Useful Information Each Other for Intelligent for Decision Making Decision Making Networked Connection of People, Process, Data, and Things Application Lecture 4 – Pervasive and Social Sensing 8  11/2/17 7COM1030 – Multicast and Multimedia Networking IoT Big Data Cloud Computing } Although these names are only a few years old, they have existed in our lives for decades. } Probably more of a business revolution than a technological revolution. Cloud Application Lecture 4 – Pervasive and Social Sensing 7COM1030 – Multicast and Multimedia Networking Application Presentation Interface Layer Session Transport Service Layer Network Networking Layer Data Link Sensing Layer Physical OSI Model IoT Model Application Lecture 4 – Pervasive and Social Sensing 9  11/2/17 7COM1030 – Multicast and Multimedia Networking Application Lecture 4 – Pervasive and Social Sensing 7COM1030 – Multicast and Multimedia Networking } Successful and well-established business model } Examples: § Uber § Didi Taxi § KuaiChe Taxi Application Lecture 4 – Pervasive and Social Sensing 10  11/2/17 7COM1030 – Multicast and Multimedia Networking 1. User sends these data to the cloud. § GPS location of the source and the destination § Money matters, e.g. tip? Cloud 2. Cloud computes things. 3. A few things are selected. 4. One thing answers the request. GPS GPS 5. Direct contact between user and the sensor sensor thing in the app User Taxi 6. Service begins. 7. Service monitoring. 8. Bill. Application Lecture 4 – Pervasive and Social Sensing 7COM1030 – Multicast and Multimedia Networking } Using IoT in the logistics domain is one of the earliest ideas of application, and it is still a primary category of service. } As simple as this can be in terms of technical implementation, the user experience still major improvement. § Again – IoT is a business war! Service providers have to think about the business worth first. Amazon Prime Meituan Application Lecture 4 – Pervasive and Social Sensing 11  11/2/17 7COM1030 – Multicast and Multimedia Networking } There is definitely a growing need for smart home facilities in the market. } The current bottleneck is the underlying communication technology for transmitting real-time surveillance videos. Hopefully 5G will solve it. Application Lecture 4 – Pervasive and Social Sensing 7COM1030 – Multicast and Multimedia Networking } Email: [email protected] } Office: LB218 } Tel: 01707 286206 Application Lecture 4 – Pervasive and Social Sensing 12