Application Lecture 4: Pervasive and Social Sensing

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the primary reasons smartphones facilitate pervasive sensing?

Their high-resolution display capabilities

Their built-in advanced gaming processors

Their ability to connect to virtual reality environments

Their ownership by a significant number of people (correct)

Which sensor is NOT typically found in an iPhone 5?

Gyroscope

Proximity sensor

Accelerometer

Heart rate monitor (correct)

What is the role of smartphones in sensor networks according to the content?

To serve as external access points

To operate solely in gaming environments

To function as storage devices only

To serve as management nodes (correct)

Why is collaborative and pervasive sensing considered the future?

It enables the continuous monitoring of global issues. Signup and view all the answers

What advantage do well-established wireless/mobile technologies provide for pervasive sensing?

They act as reliable and hassle-free communication protocols. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the earliest applications of IoT mentioned?

Logistics domain Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant improvement needed in the IoT industry according to the content?

User experience Signup and view all the answers

What technological advancement is hoped to improve real-time surveillance video transmission?

5G technology Signup and view all the answers

What aspect should service providers prioritize in the IoT space?

Business worth Signup and view all the answers

Which company is mentioned in relation to IoT services in logistics?

Meituan Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sensors would be used to measure altitude?

Altimeter Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential drawback of using live surveillance video feeds on mobile devices?

Cost may incur on personal mobile data usage Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes social sensing?

It combines smartphone sensing with social network activities. Signup and view all the answers

What does the motion sensor measure?

Movement and position changes Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is an example of a location sensor?

GPS Signup and view all the answers

Which type of category is NOT mentioned for pervasive and social sensing applications?

Travel Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of an accelerometer?

Measuring orientation and tilt Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following technologies is considered truly wide area communication?

iPhone using 3G or 4G Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cloud in the described user service process?

To compute and select relevant information Signup and view all the answers

Which layer relates to the exchange of data between the user and the service provider in the model described?

Application Layer Signup and view all the answers

Which examples represent successful business models in the context of the described service?

Uber and Didi Taxi Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the GPS sensor in the user service process?

To provide the user's location and destination Signup and view all the answers

What occurs after the cloud processes the received data from the user?

A few options are selected for the user Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the application model, what comes directly after the service begins?

Service monitoring Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step of the user service process as described?

Bill generation Signup and view all the answers

Which component is responsible for establishing the networking infrastructure in the service model?

Networking Layer Signup and view all the answers

What does sociability measure in a social network?

The strength of a user's connection to their social group Signup and view all the answers

How is network constraint for a node defined?

As the total duration spent with each user compared to all users Signup and view all the answers

Given A spent 5 hours with B and 5 hours with C, what fraction of time did A spend with B?

0.5 Signup and view all the answers

In the context of sociability, which of the following statements is true for user A?

User A's sociability is higher due to a more distributed time spent among contacts Signup and view all the answers

What is the weight of the edge (B, A) given that B only spent time with A?

1 Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly represents the ranking of users based on sociability and network constraint?

A(0.5), B(1.25), C(1.25) Signup and view all the answers

How is network constraint for user B quantitatively established?

It is represented by the total time spent with A relative to network time Signup and view all the answers

If person C has a network constraint value of 1.25, what does that imply about their sociability?

C is less sociable compared to A Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary benefit of the Internet of Things (IoT)?

Increased efficiency in business operations Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the connection of the Internet of Everything (IoE)?

It connects people, processes, data, and things Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the digital infrastructure is highlighted by its rapid adoption rate?

It is five times faster than previous technologies like electricity Signup and view all the answers

What critical role does the IoT play in decision-making processes?

It leverages data into useful information Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'smart objects'?

Physical devices connected to the internet Signup and view all the answers

How does the Internet of Things impact the quality of life?

By providing more efficient services and solutions Signup and view all the answers

What does the rapid adoption of IoT signify about technology's evolution?

There is a growing trend towards connectivity and integration Signup and view all the answers

What key element is NOT part of the IoE framework?

Natural resources Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects the historical context of IoT and its components?

IoT has been commonplace for decades without formal naming Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributes to the innovative potential of pervasive sensing?

Enhanced data connectivity and processing capabilities Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The lecture covers pervasive sensing, social sensing, and the internet of things.
Pervasive sensing is about sensing everywhere; smartphones are important tools.
Smartphones have built-in sensors like accelerometers, GPS, ambient light sensors, microphones, cameras, proximity sensors, and more.
Smartphones are rich in processing and storage, acting as management nodes in sensing networks.
Well-established wireless/mobile technologies (WiFi, Bluetooth, GPRS, 3G, 4G) are used for communication.
Remote surveillance is possible via smartphones, allowing control of appliances and devices.

Social sensing combines smartphone sensing with social network activity.
It's a research focus.
Understanding social networks is essential to understanding social sensing.
A social metric called sociability measures connection strength.
Sociability is based on network constraint (measuring a user's connections to their social group).

Network Constraint (N_i)

Network constraint (N_i) of a node (i) in a social network measures how well-connected it is.
The formula for network constraint involves the proportion of time a node (i) spends with each other node (j,q). Calculation based on weights of relationship.

Social sensing apps might not require friend circles.
Apps might allow sharing of location-aware images, and short-term data like traffic news.

Internet of Things (IoT)

IoT interconnects physical devices, boosting efficiency, business growth, and quality.
It's about devices communicating and connecting (smart homes, cities, etc.).
IoT has rapidly growing adoption (e.g., 50 billion "smart objects").

Case Studies

Taxi Apps (Uber, Didi Taxi, etc.): Successful models using IoT to connect users with drivers based on location data.
Retail Delivery: IoT applications for logistics, connecting customers with delivery, and monitoring.
Smart Homes: Trend of using interconnected devices for home controls. Data transfer challenges exist.

Service Oriented Architecture for IoT

An architecture with various layers (application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, physical) that support the services and the internet interconnectedness.

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Description

This lecture delves into the concepts of pervasive and social sensing within the context of the Internet of Things. It highlights the role of smartphones as pivotal tools, equipped with various sensors that facilitate remote surveillance and efficient data management. Additionally, it explores the significance of social metrics in understanding social network activity.