APCVS Week 2 2022 PDF

APCVS – Week 2 “Where Education Comes To Life”  Location of the Heart Heart: 4 chambers 2 sided pump About 9 oz. in weight 2/3 to left of the midline Put your fist in the center of your chest and shift slightly to the left....

APCVS – Week 2 “Where Education Comes To Life”  Location of the Heart Heart: 4 chambers 2 sided pump About 9 oz. in weight 2/3 to left of the midline Put your fist in the center of your chest and shift slightly to the left. “Where Education Comes To Life”  Heart Anatomy Chambers O Receiving O 2 Atria O Thinner walls – why? O Discharging or pumping O 2 Ventricle O Thicker walls – why? Valves O Tricuspid O Bicuspid O Pulmonary semilunar O Aortic semilunar “Where Education Comes To Life”  Why are atria called receiving chambers? O Blood goes into the right atrium from the superior and inferior vena cavae, so the right atrium “receives” the blood. Blood goes into the left atrium from the pulmonary veins, so the left atrium also “receives” the blood. Why are ventricles referred to as the discharging chambers of the heart? O Blood goes out of (discharges from) the right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries to be taken to the lungs; blood goes out of (discharges from) the left ventricle to the body. 4 “Where Education Comes To Life” Layers of the heart wall O Endocardium O Myocardium O Pericardium Who can break down these words using what you learned last week? “Where Education Comes To Life”  Anatomy of the Heart The pericardium and pericarditis Pericardium - two-layered fibrous sac with a lubricated space between the two layers O Inner layer is called visceral pericardium or epicardium O Outer layer called parietal pericardium Pericarditis -inflammation of the pericardium…. The heart sits inside of a sac. If that sac fills with fluid it is called TAMPANADE. O Cardiac tamponade - compression of the heart caused by fluid building up between the visceral pericardium and parietal pericardium 6 “Where Education Comes To Life” Cardiac Tamponade “Where Education Comes To Life” How are the two pericardial layers able to slide against each other without producing friction? Visceral pericardium (covers the heart) and parietal pericardium fits around the heart loosely so the two layers can slip against each other and allow enough room for the heart to beat. Why is the outer layer of the heart like a loose-fitting sack? To permit movement, expansion and “Where Education Comes To Life”  Blood flow O Superior vena cava and Inferior vena cava O Right atrium Carbon O Tricuspid valve Dioxid O Right ventricle e O Pulmonary semilunar valve Blue O Pulmonary artery O LUNG (Gas exchange) O Pulmonary vein O Left atrium Oxyge O Bicuspid or mitral valve n O Left ventricle Red O Aortic semilunar valve O Aorta “Where Education Comes To Life” Blood flow - Video “Where Education Comes To Life”  Test Your Knowledge Match these To these definitions A. Deoxygenated blue A terms blood 1. Right atrium B. Myocardium D 2. Left ventricle C. Inner layer of heart B D. Oxygenated red 3. Muscle tissue C blood 4. Endocardium E. Separates left atrium E and ventricle 5. Bicuspid valve F F. Separates right 6. Tricuspid valve atrium and ventricle Click for all the answers to appear “Where Education Comes To Life” Let’s apply the knowledge you have learned! O When a health care provider is listening to the heart with a stethoscope, what sounds are they listening for? O The sounds of the heart valves closing. First sound (lub) - vibration and closure of AV valves during contraction of the ventricles Second sound (dup) - closure of the semilunar valves during relaxation of the ventricles “Where Education Comes To Life”  What if a valve doesn’t close? O A murmur is when a valve does not close tightly or the valve is stenosed (stiff). O A leaky valve allows blood to flow backward into the chamber, thus increasing the workload of the heart because it must repeatedly pump the same blood. The valve often needs to be repaired or replaced. 13 “Where Education Comes To Life”  Conduction System of the Heart Electrocardiography O The normal ECG has three deflections or waves O P wave —depolarization (contraction) of the atria O QRS complex - depolarization of the ventricles O T wave - repolarization (relaxation) of the ventricles 14 “Where Education Comes To Life”  15 “Where Education Comes To Life”  Conduction System  SA Node (Natural pacemaker)  AV Node  Bundle of His/AV bundle/common bundle  Left and right bundle branches  Purkinje fibers “Where Education Comes To Life”  Heart Beat Systole: heart is contracting O What are the waves? Diastole: heart is relaxing O What is the wave? Asystole: no activity in the heart “Where Education Comes To Life” What vital sign measures the heart rate?. “Where Education Comes To Life”  Find your PULSE O Using two fingers palpate (feel) for one of the Radial Pulse Point common pulses O Never use a thumb it has its own pulse O Count the pulsations for 60 seconds or O Count the pulsations for 30 seconds and multiply by two “Where Education Comes To Life”  Too fast…Too slow… Med Term is back! Bradycardia - slow heart rate ( < 60 beats/min) Tachycardia - rapid heart rate (> 100 beats/min) ** Who can break down these words? ** Fibrillation - condition in which cardiac muscle fibers are “out of step,” producing no effective pumping action 20 “Where Education Comes To Life” Any questions?. “Where Education Comes To Life”  CAD – Coronary Heart Disease Atherosclerosis is the build up of lipids (cholesterol)in the artery wall. Artery clots  ischemia myocardial infarction - MI (heart attack) How will your patient present? Ischemia/Infarction  tissue death  PAIN. “Where Education Comes To Life”  Test Your Knowledge Match the term with the definition 1. Systole A. Natural pacemaker D B. Relaxation of the 2. Diastole B heart 3. SA node A C. Fatty buildup 4. Asystole inside artery wall E 5. Atherosclerosis D. Contraction of C heart E. No activity in heart Click to see all answers “Where Education Comes To Life”  Arteriosclerosis vs. Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis (fat deposition on walls) Arteriosclerosis (hardening of the artery walls, calcium deposited in walls, the calcium can be seen on x-ray by the arrow) “Where Education Comes To Life”  Diseases & Terminology “Where Education Comes To Life”  Diseases & Terminology “Where Education Comes To Life”  Abbreviations O BPM O Beats per minute O CAD O Coronary artery disease O MI O Myocardial infarction O AV O Atrioventricular O SA O Sinoatrial “Where Education Comes To Life” Practice Question(s) “Where Education Comes To Life” Practice Question(s) “Where Education Comes To Life” Practice Question(s) “Where Education Comes To Life” Practice Question(s) “Where Education Comes To Life” Practice Question(s) “Where Education Comes To Life” Practice Question(s) “Where Education Comes To Life”  TRUE or FALSE TERM DEFINITION TRUE FALSE SYSTOLE High pressure contraction MI “Heart attack” CAROTID Located in the neck pulse DIASTOLE Low pressure relaxation TACHYCARDI > 100 beats/min A BRADYCARDI 100 beats/min TRUE A BRADYCARDI