Podcast
Questions and Answers
How many chambers does the heart have?
How many chambers does the heart have?
4
How much does the heart weigh, on average?
How much does the heart weigh, on average?
9 ounces
What structure sits between the pleural cavities?
What structure sits between the pleural cavities?
mediastinum
Which of the following is NOT a part of the heart's anatomy?
Which of the following is NOT a part of the heart's anatomy?
The atria have thinner walls than the ventricles.
The atria have thinner walls than the ventricles.
The right ventricle is responsible for pumping blood to the lungs.
The right ventricle is responsible for pumping blood to the lungs.
The bicuspid valve separates the right atrium and the right ventricle.
The bicuspid valve separates the right atrium and the right ventricle.
The endocardium is the external covering of the heart.
The endocardium is the external covering of the heart.
The ______ is a two-layered fibrous sac that encloses the heart.
The ______ is a two-layered fibrous sac that encloses the heart.
What is the name given to inflammation of the pericardium?
What is the name given to inflammation of the pericardium?
What is the medical term for compression of the heart caused by fluid buildup between the pericardium layers?
What is the medical term for compression of the heart caused by fluid buildup between the pericardium layers?
The visceral pericardium encloses the heart, while the parietal pericardium fits around it loosely.
The visceral pericardium encloses the heart, while the parietal pericardium fits around it loosely.
The outer layer of the heart, the pericardium, acts like a loose-fitting sac to prevent movement and expansion.
The outer layer of the heart, the pericardium, acts like a loose-fitting sac to prevent movement and expansion.
Which of the following carries oxygenated blood to the body?
Which of the following carries oxygenated blood to the body?
Match the following terms with their definitions.
Match the following terms with their definitions.
What is the name of the sac that surrounds the heart?
What is the name of the sac that surrounds the heart?
What are the two main types of chambers in the heart?
What are the two main types of chambers in the heart?
The atria are called receiving chambers because they receive blood from the body and lungs.
The atria are called receiving chambers because they receive blood from the body and lungs.
The ventricles are called discharging chambers because they pump blood out to the body and lungs.
The ventricles are called discharging chambers because they pump blood out to the body and lungs.
Which of these is NOT a layer of the heart wall?
Which of these is NOT a layer of the heart wall?
What is the name of the inflammation of the pericardium?
What is the name of the inflammation of the pericardium?
Cardiac tamponade is a compression of the heart caused by fluid buildup between the pericardium layers.
Cardiac tamponade is a compression of the heart caused by fluid buildup between the pericardium layers.
What is the name of the valve that separates the right atrium from the right ventricle?
What is the name of the valve that separates the right atrium from the right ventricle?
What is the name of the valve that separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?
What is the name of the valve that separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?
What are the two main types of heart valves?
What are the two main types of heart valves?
The AV valves are located between the ventricles and the arteries.
The AV valves are located between the ventricles and the arteries.
The semilunar valves are located between the atria and the ventricles.
The semilunar valves are located between the atria and the ventricles.
What is the name of the natural pacemaker of the heart?
What is the name of the natural pacemaker of the heart?
What is the name of the bundle of fibers that transmits electrical impulses from the SA node to the ventricles?
What is the name of the bundle of fibers that transmits electrical impulses from the SA node to the ventricles?
What is the name of the electrical signal that causes the atria to contract?
What is the name of the electrical signal that causes the atria to contract?
What is the name of the electrical signal that causes the ventricles to contract?
What is the name of the electrical signal that causes the ventricles to contract?
What is the name of the electrical signal that represents the relaxation of the ventricles?
What is the name of the electrical signal that represents the relaxation of the ventricles?
What is the term for the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle?
What is the term for the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle?
What is the term for the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle?
What is the term for the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle?
What is the term for a condition where there is no electrical activity in the heart?
What is the term for a condition where there is no electrical activity in the heart?
What is the name of the abnormal heart rhythm that is characterized by a rapid heart rate?
What is the name of the abnormal heart rhythm that is characterized by a rapid heart rate?
What is the name of the condition where the heart muscle fibers are 'out of step' and do not contract effectively?
What is the name of the condition where the heart muscle fibers are 'out of step' and do not contract effectively?
What is the name of the buildup of lipids, such as cholesterol, inside the artery wall?
What is the name of the buildup of lipids, such as cholesterol, inside the artery wall?
What vital sign measures the heart rate?
What vital sign measures the heart rate?
The radial pulse is the most common pulse point used to measure heart rate.
The radial pulse is the most common pulse point used to measure heart rate.
The carotid pulse is located in the groin.
The carotid pulse is located in the groin.
The popliteal pulse is located behind the knee.
The popliteal pulse is located behind the knee.
The femoral pulse is located in the groin.
The femoral pulse is located in the groin.
The anterior tibial pulse is located in the wrist.
The anterior tibial pulse is located in the wrist.
The dorsalis pedis pulse is located on the top of the foot.
The dorsalis pedis pulse is located on the top of the foot.
The vessels that transport blood from the heart to the body are the veins.
The vessels that transport blood from the heart to the body are the veins.
The vessels that transport blood from the body to the heart are the arteries.
The vessels that transport blood from the body to the heart are the arteries.
The heart is a four-chambered muscular pump.
The heart is a four-chambered muscular pump.
The heart is located left of the midline of the chest.
The heart is located left of the midline of the chest.
The SA node is responsible for initiating the heartbeat.
The SA node is responsible for initiating the heartbeat.
The SA node is located in the right ventricle.
The SA node is located in the right ventricle.
The term 'systole' refers to the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle.
The term 'systole' refers to the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle.
Which of these is NOT a common symptom of cardiac tamponade?
Which of these is NOT a common symptom of cardiac tamponade?
Flashcards
Heart: A Double Pump
Heart: A Double Pump
The heart is a four-chambered organ that acts as a double pump, responsible for circulating blood throughout the body.
Atria: Receiving Chambers
Atria: Receiving Chambers
The two upper chambers of the heart, the right and left atria, receive blood from the body and lungs, respectively.
Ventricles: Pumping Chambers
Ventricles: Pumping Chambers
The two lower chambers of the heart, the right and left ventricles, pump blood to the lungs and the body, respectively.
Valves: Blood Flow Regulators
Valves: Blood Flow Regulators
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Tricuspid Valve
Tricuspid Valve
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Bicuspid Valve (Mitral)
Bicuspid Valve (Mitral)
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Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
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Aortic Semilunar Valve
Aortic Semilunar Valve
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Endocardium: Inner Lining
Endocardium: Inner Lining
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Myocardium: Heart Muscle
Myocardium: Heart Muscle
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Pericardium: Protective Sac
Pericardium: Protective Sac
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Pericarditis: Inflammation of the Pericardium
Pericarditis: Inflammation of the Pericardium
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Cardiac Tamponade: Heart Compression
Cardiac Tamponade: Heart Compression
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Blood Flow Through the Heart
Blood Flow Through the Heart
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Systole: Contraction
Systole: Contraction
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Diastole: Relaxation
Diastole: Relaxation
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Sinoatrial (SA) Node: Heart's Pacemaker
Sinoatrial (SA) Node: Heart's Pacemaker
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Bradycardia: Slow Heart Rate
Bradycardia: Slow Heart Rate
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Tachycardia: Fast Heart Rate
Tachycardia: Fast Heart Rate
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Fibrillation: Irregular Heart Rhythm
Fibrillation: Irregular Heart Rhythm
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Palpating a Pulse
Palpating a Pulse
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Asystole: No Heartbeat
Asystole: No Heartbeat
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Atherosclerosis: Fatty Buildup in Arteries
Atherosclerosis: Fatty Buildup in Arteries
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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
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Myocardial Infarction (MI): Heart Attack
Myocardial Infarction (MI): Heart Attack
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Arteriosclerosis: Hardening of Arteries
Arteriosclerosis: Hardening of Arteries
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Heart Sounds: Lub-Dub
Heart Sounds: Lub-Dub
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Heart Murmur: Abnormal Heart Sound
Heart Murmur: Abnormal Heart Sound
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BPM: Beats Per Minute
BPM: Beats Per Minute
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Study Notes
Heart Anatomy & Function
- The heart is a four-chambered muscular pump.
- It's located slightly to the left of the center of the chest.
- The heart weighs approximately 9 ounces.
- The heart has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles.
- The atria receive blood, and the ventricles pump blood.
- Atrial walls are thinner than ventricular walls due to the different functions.
Heart Valves
- Tricuspid valve - separates the right atrium and right ventricle.
- Bicuspid (mitral) valve - separates the left atrium and left ventricle.
- Pulmonary semilunar valve - located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
- Aortic semilunar valve - located between the left ventricle and the aorta.
Heart Chambers Function
- Atria are receiving chambers for blood.
- Ventricles discharge blood from the heart.
Layers of the Heart Wall
- Endocardium - the inner lining of the heart.
- Myocardium - the heart muscle.
- Pericardium - protective outer layer.
Pericarditis/Cardiac Tamponade
- Pericardium is a two-layered fibrous sac surrounding the heart.
- Pericarditis is the inflammation of the pericardium.
- Cardiac tamponade is the buildup of fluid in the pericardial sac, putting pressure on the heart.
Heart Conduction System
- SA node (sinoatrial node) - pacemaker of the heart.
- AV node (atrioventricular node) - relays the electrical signal to the ventricles.
- Bundle of His
- Bundle branches
- Purkinje fibers
- The conduction system coordinates the coordinated contraction of the atria and ventricles which controls the heartbeat
Heart Beat
- Systole: The period of ventricular contraction, during which blood is pumped out of the heart.
- Diastole: The period of ventricular relaxation, during which the ventricles fill with blood.
- Heart rate: The number of complete cardiac cycles (systole and diastole) in one minute.
Heart Rate Assessment and Terms
- Heart rate is assessed by feeling (palpating) a pulse.
- Bradycardia - slow heart rate (<60 beats/min)
- Tachycardia - rapid heart rate (>100 beats/min)
- Asystole - no electrical/mechanical activity of the heart
Blood Flow through the Heart
- Blood flow through the heart involves the superior/inferior vena cava and the pulmonary artery, to the lungs, the pulmonary veins, the left atrium, the bicuspid valve, the left ventricle, the aorta,
- Blood flows through the heart in a specific sequence.
Practice Questions
- The vessels transporting blood from peripheral tissues to the heart are veins.
- The arteries carry blood away from the heart.
- The heart is a four-chambered muscular pump.
- The SA node initiates the heartbeat.
- The popliteal pulse is found in the groin.
Coronary Heart Disease (CAD)
- Atherosclerosis - build-up of lipids (plaque) in the coronary arteries.
- Ischemia - insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle.
- Myocardial infarction (MI) - heart attack; death of heart tissue due to lack of blood flow.
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