Ap Biology Notes PDF

Unit 3 Notes Cellular Energetics 3.1- Enzyme Structure Enzymes are macromolecules Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up biochemical reactions Most enzymes are proteins, so they have a tertiary...

Unit 3 Notes Cellular Energetics 3.1- Enzyme Structure Enzymes are macromolecules Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up biochemical reactions Most enzymes are proteins, so they have a tertiary shape that must be maintained for functionality Has a region called an active site The active site interacts with the substrate A molecule can interact with enzyme is called a substrate Enzymes have an active site that specifically interacts with substrates The active site has a unique shape and size and can have chemical charge(s) or not The physical and chemical properties of the substrate must be compatible to the active site and then, finally slight stranges can occur in the active site to align with the substrate Enzyme names often indicate the substrate or chemical reaction involved Enzyme names often end in “-ase” Example: Sucrase is an enzyme that digest sucrose Enzymes are reusable and are not chemically changed by the reaction Cells typically maintain a specific enzyme concentration Enzymes can facilitate synthesis or digestion reactions( Example shown in picture below) Lesson Skill Focus: Concept Explanation- A researcher wants to study the hydrolysis of amylose, polar carbohydrate polymer. Salivary amylase is an enzyme found in human saliva. Salivary amylase hydrolyzes amylose into glucose. Amylase has a polar active site region. The researcher isolates amylase from saliva and measures the rate of glucose production when amylose is added. Based on this study, which of the following statements best explains the chemical interaction between amylose and salivary amylase? A. Amylase is compatible with glucose allowing for amylose polymers to be produced B. Amylase has a polar active site and amylose is nonpolar allowing for an attraction C. Amylase changes from a tertiary structure to a primary structure allowing amylose to enter the active site D. Amylase active sites have similar chemical properties to amylose, allowing glucose products to form. Explanation: Amylase has a polar active site and amylose is a polar carbohydrate polymer, so they’re compatible Summary -Enzymes speed up biochemical reactions by lowering activation energy requirements - The structural characteristics of an enzyme makes the enzyme very reaction specific -The shape and change of the substrate must be compatible with the active site of an enzyme for a reaction to occur -Enzymes are reused, not consumed by the reaction