اول محاضرة نباات PDF

# The First Lecture in Planet (1) - **What is Botany?** Botany is the scientific study of Planet Life. ## Branches of Plant Science: - Phycology - Mycology - Bryology - Morphology - Planetology - Histology - Anatomy - Taxonomy - Cytology ## The Planet Kingdom: 1. The Concept of Planet Life. 2....

# The First Lecture in Planet (1) - **What is Botany?** Botany is the scientific study of Planet Life. ## Branches of Plant Science: - Phycology - Mycology - Bryology - Morphology - Planetology - Histology - Anatomy - Taxonomy - Cytology ## The Planet Kingdom: 1. The Concept of Planet Life. 2. The Importance of Planet Science. (2) 3. Application of Plants. 4. Basic idea of agronomy زراعة (horticulture علم البستنة, علم زراعة الخضروات and olericulture علم الفاكهة Pomology. 5. Classification of Planet Kingdom. ## Planet Kingdom: - **A. Has no seeds بذور (Cryptogames نباتات لازهرية)** - 1. Has not true roots, stems or leaves (algae طحالب). - 2. Has some root and leaf like structure (mosses & liverworts). - 3. Has root, stems and leaves (ferns and horsetails سرخسیات). - **B. Has Seeds (Phanerogams نباتات زهرية)** - **Has flower (Angiosperms)** - Has flower مغطاة بذور - Has no-flower معراة بذور - **Has not flower (wide leaves & needle-like leaves)** - Ginkos “Ginkgophyta” - Cycads "cycadoPhyta. - Conifers "PinoPhyta". (3) ## The Concept of Planet Life: - Planet - Vegetation - Planet Science ## Types of Planet: - Herbs الأعشاب - Tree - Shrubs شجيرات - Climbers e.g graps & Jasmine. - Creeps e.g Pumpkin. - **Herbs:** Small Plant with a non-body a stem. - **Shrubs:** Medium bushy حجم Plants with multiple متعددة woody stem جذوع or trunk. - **Trees:** Tall perennial Plants with a single woody stem or trunk. - **Creeps:** Thin weak stemmed Plants that creep a long the ground. - **Climbers:** Thin weak stemmed Plants that climb up other objects to grow. ## Types of Vegetation: 1. Tropical إستوائي Evergreen الخضرة Forests. 2. Tropical Deciduous متساقطة Forests. (4) 3. Tropical Thorn أشواك Forests and Scrubs. 4. Montan جبليe Forests. 5. Mangrove Forests. ## Annual: - Plant which life cycle is only one year. - A whole بالكامل Planet dies in one year. - Vegetative and reproductive and die. - Less أقل money تكلفة to buy. - It blooms يزهر continuously بشكل مستمر. - Bright ملفتة and showy flowers أزهار زاهية. - Plant any time. ## Biennial: - Plant which life cycle is 2 years. - In 1st year it will germinate ينبت النبات and grow. - Survive through one winter, in 2nd year it will grow more, bloom and die. - True biennial flowers only once. ## Perennial معمر: - Plant which life cycle is more than 2 years. - Plant regrow in every spring. - Top foliage الاوراق العلوية dies back to ground each كل winter regrows from existing spread root system. - More expensive to buy. - Bloom for a week. - Less showy flower. - Plant in spring or autumn خريف. ## How Do Plants Help Us? 1. Medicine. 2. Good. 3. Materials. 4. Cleans the Air. ## Importance of Plants: 1. Use carbon dioxide reducing global warming. 2. Release oxygen. 3. Provide firewood. 4. Provide timber 5. Stop erosion 6. Sometimes fix nitrogen 7. Prevent leachates entering waterways 8. Reduce evaporation rates 9. Gave forst Protection 10. Provide shade 11. Act as windbreaks. 12. Have aesthetic Value 13. Provide habitat for birds and insects. ## Problems and Disadvantages of Plants: 1. Reduces moisture رطوبة in the soil. 2. Few weeds الاعشاب may cause diseases. 3. Land Value gets reduced تقل فيمة أرض. (7) 4. Adds to the maintenance صيانة cost تكلفة of a farmers على مزارع 5. Can harm أضرارا the animals. 6. Production of the main crop reduces إنتاجية المحصول رئيسي.