Anthropometry PDF

Anthropometry BIOMECHANICS PRESENTED BY: IZWA MAHA FARWA MINAHIL SARA RIKZA MUQADDIM PRESENTED TO: DR. RIDA MUSTAFA  INTRODUCTION 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF ANTHROPOMETRY 2 CONTENTS ANTHROPROMETRIC VARIABLES 3...

Anthropometry BIOMECHANICS PRESENTED BY: IZWA MAHA FARWA MINAHIL SARA RIKZA MUQADDIM PRESENTED TO: DR. RIDA MUSTAFA  INTRODUCTION 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF ANTHROPOMETRY 2 CONTENTS ANTHROPROMETRIC VARIABLES 3 APPLICATIONS 4 FUTURE DIRECTIONS 5 INTRODUCTION : Anthropometry is the scientific study of the physical measurements of the human body, including size, weight, and proportions. It also includes the measurement of functional capacities, which are the abilities to perform certain work tasks based on a person's size or form.  ANTHROPOMETRY WAS DEVELOPED IN THE 19TH CENTURY AS A METHOD IMPLEMENTED BY PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGISTS History and FOR THE STUDY OF HUMAN evolution VARIATION AND EVOLUTION IN BOTH LIVING AND EXTINCT POPULATIONS. ALPHONSE BERTILLON, SON OF THE PHYSICIAN AND FOUNDER OF THE SOCIETY OF ANTHROPOLOGY OF PARIS, IS CREDITED AS THE FATHER OF ANTHROPOMETRICS BASED ON HIS CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM KNOWN AS THE Scope The anthropometric percentage values are used to compare different populations. Anthropometric measures have been widely used for equipment and workplace design, growth and nutrition evaluation, and for clothing design and sizing. 5 Fundamentals of anthropometry MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LANDMARKS AND REFERENCE POINTS Measurements techniques: All study sites use the same measuring equipment , the instrument need to be highly accurate and precise. Measurements Tools: 1. Weight scale 2. skin fold caliper 3. Calibration weight 4. Non stretch able tape measure 5. Stadiometer 6. Knee Caliper 7. Infantometer to measure the recumbent length 7  Techniques for main body measurements 1. STATURE Instrument: Stadiometer (anthropometer or altimeter) Description: It’s one of the anthropometric measurements utilized for the calculus of Body Mass Index (BMI). Procedure: 1. Ask the subject to remove his/her shoes 2. Ask the subject to place his/her feet flat and together 3. Subject’s legs have to be straight with heels and calves against the board. 4. Arrange the subject’s head in the Frankfort horizontal plane 6. Push gently down the movable block until it touches the mid-sagittal plane of the subject’s head, compressing the hair. 8 9  Techniques for main body measurements WEIGHT Instrument: Weighting scale. Description: The weight is considered one of fundamental anthropometric traits, together with stature Procedure: 1. Ask the subject to remove his/her shoes 2. He/she has to wear light clothes. 3. Make sure that the subject is standing still over the center of the 4. platform with the body weight equally distributed between both feet. 5. Read the measurement to the nearest 0.1 kg 10 11  Continue…. WAIST GIRTH Instrument: Non-stretchable tape Description: It measures the narrowest part of the torso. It’s one of the anthropometric measurements necessary for the calculus of Waist To Hip Ratio (WHR). It is useful to assess health risk Procedure: 1. Ask the subject to stand erect with the abdomen relaxed, the arms at the side of the body and the feet together. 2. He/she has to wear light clothes. 3. Stand in front of the subject and put the tape around him/her in the narrowest part of the torso without compressing the skin with the tape 5. Make sure that the subject is breathing normally. 6. Read the measurement to the nearest 0.1 cm. 12 13  Techniques for main body measurements MID-UPPER ARM GIRTH (relaxed) Instrument: Non-stretchable tape Description: It is the girth of the upper arm (hanging in a relaxed position) taken in the midpoint between the acromion process of the scapula and the olecranon process of the ulna. Procedure: 1. In order to calculate the midpoint of the subject’s left arm ask him/her to bend the elbow to make a right angle. 14 2. The measurement have to be taken on the left arm. 15  Continue… 3. Touch with your fingertips the acromion process of the scapula (the body protrusion on the posterior of the upper shoulder) and the olecranon process of the of the ulna (the tip of the elbow). 4. Using a non-stretchable tape measure the distance between the two landmarks (the acromion and the olecranon) 6. Put the tape around the subject’s arm at the midpoint 7. Make sure that the tape is not too tight or too loose 8. Read the measurement to the nearest 0.1 cm. TRICEPS SKINFOLD THICKNESS Instrument: Skinfold thickness caliper Description: It is a rapid and simple method used to estimate the percentage 16 of body fat.  Continue…. Procedure: 1. To calculate the midpoint ask him/her to bend the elbow to make a right angle. 2. The measurement have to be taken on the left arm. 3. Touch with your fingertips the acromion process of the scapula and the olecranon process of the of the ulna 4. Using a non-stretchable tape measure the distance between the two landmarks 6. Palpate the subject’s measuring site at the posterior surface of the arm and try to recognize and to separate the muscle from the adipose tissue and the skin. 8. Put with your right the skinfold caliper at the measuring point, not pulling away the grasp of the skinfold 9. The skinfold has to be vertical. 10. Read the measurement in the caliper after 4 seconds from the full pressure to the nearest 1 mm 17 18 Types of Anthropometry 1.Structural anthropometric data: Used to measure the body dimension of subjects in fixed [static]position Example Specific furniture dimension Determine ranges of clothing size Types of Anthropometry 1.Functional anthropometric data: Used to measure the body dimension of subjects which is engaged in some physical activity Example Design of crane cabs Design of vehicle interiors Anthropometric variables Measurement of how tall a Height person is while standing Anthropome tric Weight Measurement of persons mass variables Body mass Measurement of waist hips and are index{BMI} limbs measureme Skinfold Measurement of body fat thickness distribution nt of human The measurement of a persons body that Leg length leg length include Arm span Measurement of arm span 21 Anthropometric dimensions 22 Risk associated with Anthropometric dimensions 23 Body proportions o ARM TO HEIGHT RATIO[AHR] o LEG TO HEIGHT RATIO [LHR] o WAIST TO HIP RATIO [WHR] o BODY PROPORTION INDEX [BPI] 24 Applications of anthropometry  Applications Healthcare and Medicine Body measurements help identify growth abnormalities, nutritional disorders, and diseases. Accurate measurements ensure proper fitting of prosthetics, implants, and surgical instruments. Hospital equipment, furniture, and workspace design consider anthropometric data for comfort and safety Ergonomics and Design Anthropometric data optimizes workspace layout, furniture, and equipment for comfort and productivity. Measurements ensure proper fit and usability of products, such as clothing, shoes, and personal protective equipment Building design considers anthropometric data for accessibility, 26 comfort, and safety.  Applications Sports and Fitness Body measurements identify potential athletes and monitor progress. A Fashion and Apparel Measurements ensure proper fit, comfort, and style. Anthropometric data establishes standardized sizing for clothing and footwear Anthropometric data optimizes sports equipment, such as bicycle seats, helmets, and protective gear Forensic Science Anthropometric analysis aids in identifying human remains Body measurements help reconstruct crime scenes and identify suspects. Anthropometric data enhances facial recognition technology. 27  applications Transportation and Aerospace Seat design seating. Safety equipment.Workspace design: Anthropometric data informs cockpit and cabin design. Education and Research Growth and development studies Nutritional research Biomechanics research These applications demonstrate the significance of anthropometry in various fields, improving design, functionality, comfort, and safety. 28 Thank you