Antenatal Care (ANC) Lecture PDF
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Alofoug College
Dr.Mohamed Abdebagi Abdelghani Babiker
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This is a lecture on antenatal care (ANC) for physiotherapy students at Aloufog College. It covers objectives, goals, and steps involved in antenatal care, and specific considerations related to Sudan. The lecture also touches upon important topics such as maternal mortality rates and recommendations for different populations.
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Antenatal Care (ANC) A lecture for the physiotherapy program at Aloufog College Dr.Mohamed Abdebagi Abdelghani Babiker M.B.B.S MHPE The Objectives ❑By the end of this lecture you should be able to: ✓Outline the goals of ante...
Antenatal Care (ANC) A lecture for the physiotherapy program at Aloufog College Dr.Mohamed Abdebagi Abdelghani Babiker M.B.B.S MHPE The Objectives ❑By the end of this lecture you should be able to: ✓Outline the goals of antenatal care. ✓Identify Why antenatal care is important. ✓Mention the steps of antenatal care. Introduction ▪ Prenatal care in USA and others. ▪ All of the authorities and Experts or regulatory bodies refer to ANC as: ▪ A comprehensive antepartum program that involves a coordinated approach to Medical care and continuous risk assessment and psychological support that optimally begins before conception and extends throughout the postpartum period and inter-conceptional period. ▪ Plus Health Education. ANC Goals ▪ Example 1: ▪ Identification and surveillance of the pregnant woman and her expected child. ▪ Recognition and management of pregnancy-related complications, particularly preeclampsia. ▪ Recognition and treatment of underlying or concurrent illness. Adopted from : WHO’s Opportunities for Africa’s Newborns Goals continued… ▪ Screening for conditions and diseases such as anemia, STIs (particularly syphilis), HIV infection, mental health problems, and/or symptoms of stress or domestic violence. ▪ Preventive measures, including tetanus toxoid immunization, de-worming, iron and folic acid, intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTP), insecticide treated bed nets (ITN). ▪ Advice and support to the woman and her family for developing healthy home behaviors and a birth and emergency preparedness plan. Adopted from : WHO’s Opportunities for Africa’s Newborns Goals continued… Example 2: ◊Management of maternal symptomatic problems. ◊Management of fetal symptomatic problems. ◊Screening for and prevention of fetal problems. ◊Screening for and prevention of maternal problems. ◊Preparation of the couple for childbirth. ◊Preparation of the couple for childrearing. From ABC of Antenatal care Fourth edition. What about Sudan ❑Maternal Mortality Rate or ratio-MMR: ❑300-549 per 100,000 Women. (UNDP&WHO 2018) ❑Stillbirths : 24 per 1000 Total births. (WHO 2016) ❑Neonatal MR: 21.2-38.6 per 1000 Live Births. (UNICEF 2018) ✓The aim of ANC in Sudan Must be decreasing Maternal and Fetal Mortality and Morbidity. ANC Structure Who conducts ANC? 1st line: ▪ Midwives (OBG Nurses). ▪ General Practitioners or family physicians. ▪ Obstetricians. 2nd line: ▪ Medical laboratorists. ▪ Pharmacists. ▪ Physiotherapists. ▪ etc… All work together in the ANC Process. Steps of ANC ✓History and Examination.[Getting the story of pregnancy and clinically examining the pregnant lady] ✓Pregnancy Diagnosis. (Most Important Step). ✓Investigations plus Screening. ✓Supplements and Nutrition. ✓Vaccination and Drugs. ✓Advise about important Issues. ✓Plan for Labour and Delivery. These steps does not have to be in order, except the first 2. Steps Continued… ✓Pregnancy Diagnosis: ▪ Only done once. ▪ By pregnancy symptoms (Examples: Amenorhea at least 35 days,Nausea & Vomiting of Preg or Morning Sickness and Frequency of Micturition). ▪ Plus clinical examination (Skin changes, Abdominal distension), ▪ And doing Urinary or serum pregnancy tests. Steps Continued… ✓Investigations plus Screening: Routine: ▪ Hemoglobin screening for anemia. ▪ Urine general screening for UTI and Pre-eclampsia. ▪ Blood grouping for labour and blood complications. ▪ Fasting blood glucose for diabetes mellitus. ▪ Ultrasound for dating pregnancy and others. Routine if available: ▪ HIV,HBV,HCV, Syphilis, Tuberculosis, and Malaria. Steps Continued… ✓Supplements and Nutrition: Supplements: ▪ Iron and Folic acid to prevent anemia. ▪ Vit D and Calcium to prevent their loss (Ca-Preecalmpsia). ▪ Vit A to prevent night blindness. Nutritional Advise: [most important] ▪ Reduction of weight gain in pregnancy. ▪ Restricting caffeine intake. Steps Continued… ✓Vaccination and Drugs: Vaccination: ▪ Mainly Tetanus Toxoid. Drugs: ▪ All drugs are not allowed in pregnancy until proved otherwise. (Rule of Thumb). ▪ Paracetamol is the safest. Steps Continued… ✓Advise about important Issues: ▪ Exercise: Should be light not vigorous. Prepregnancy activities can be continued. ▪ Travel: Air travel is safe till 36 weeks. And is not safe in some cases like severe anemia and sickle cell disease. Prolonged travel Should be avoided (Thrombosis). ▪ Smoking and Alcohol: Should be stopped. Number of ANC visits or Focused ANC contacts:- ❑1st visit at 16 weeks. ▪ WHO recommends: ❑2nd visit between 24-28 ▪ 8 contacts Worldwide. weeks. ▪ 4 contacts for low-income ❑3rd visit at 32 weeks. countries. (Focused ANC) ❑4th visit at 36 weeks. Documentation أرجو لكم التوفيق References ▪ Chamberlain G, Morgan M. ABC of antenatal care. [Internet]. London: BMJ Books; 2002 [cited 2019 Oct 1]. Available from: http://site.ebrary.com/id/10032993 ▪ Dunn PM. Adolphe Pinard (1844-1934) of Paris and intrauterine paediatric care. Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition. 2005 Oct 13;91(3):F231–2. ▪ Zaidi SS, Perveen A, Parveen S. AN INSIGHT OF ANTENATAL CARE: A REVIEW. seeds. 12(13):14. ▪ Incetto O, Mothebesoane-Anoh S, Gomez P, Munjanja S. Antenatal care. Opportunities for Africa’s newborns: Practical data, policy and programmatic support for newborn care in Africa. 2006;55–62. ▪ Conrad P, Schmid G, Tientrebeogo J, Moses A, Kirenga S, Neuhann F, et al. Compliance with focused antenatal care services: do health workers in rural Burkina Faso, Uganda and Tanzania perform all ANC procedures?: Compliance with focused antenatal care services in rural africa. Tropical Medicine & International Health. 2011 Dec;no-no. ▪ Dewhurst J, Edmonds DK, editors. Dewhurst’s textbook of obstetrics & gynaecology. 8th ed. Chichester, West Sussex ; Hoboken, N.J: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011. 852 p. ▪ Reiss HE. Historical insights: John William Ballantyne 1861-1923. Human reproduction update. 1999;5(4):386–9 ▪ Evans AT. Manual of obstetrics. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007. ▪ Kenny LC, Myers JE. Obstetrics by ten teachers [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2019 Oct 1]. Available from: http://www.crcnetbase.com/isbn/ ▪ Collins S, editor. Oxford handbook of obstetrics and gynaecology. Third edition. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press; 2013. 824 p. (Oxford medical publications). ▪ Ferraro JJ, Caccavo FA, Saifer A. P-Hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide procedure for serum glucose adapted to the Technicon “SMA 12/60,” and compared with other glucose methods. Clin Chem. 1976 Feb;22(2):263–6. ▪ Maloni JA, Cheng C-Y, Liebl CP, Jeanmarie SM. Transforming Prenatal Care: Reflections on the Past and Present With Implications for the Future. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing. 1996 Jan;25(1):17–23. ▪ Weltgesundheitsorganisation. WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2016. 152 p. ▪ Cunningham FG. Williams obstetrics. 2014.