Animal Nutrition Notes Working Doc. .docx

**6th Year Agricultural Science** **Animal Nutrition** Components of feeds and forages: -- -- **Carbohydrates (CHO)** - - - - Carbohydrates are either: 1. a. b. 2. c. d. Lignin: Is completely indigestible and reduces the digestibility of other dietary components particu...

**6th Year Agricultural Science** **Animal Nutrition** Components of feeds and forages: -- -- **Carbohydrates (CHO)** - - - - Carbohydrates are either: 1. a. b. 2. c. d. Lignin: Is completely indigestible and reduces the digestibility of other dietary components particularly fibre and protein. - - - - - 1. a. b. 2. c. d. e. 3. f. 4. g. h. Whole grain cereals contain substantial quantities of starch in the form of amylose and amylopectin in the endosperm **Energy** **Protein** **Fibre** ------------ ----------------- ----------- Grass Barley Cottonseed meal **Fat and Energy in the Diet:** Fat = Triglycerides - - - Structure: Composed of glycerol (backbone) and 3 fatty acids Simple triglyceride = composed of 3 identical fatty acids Mixed triglyceride = composed of different fatty acids. Function of fat in the diet: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Digestion of fat: Fat globule is difficult to digest in the stomach so it is moved directly to the small intestines. Lipase from the pancreas causes the breakdown of fatty acids. Bile: Activates the pancreatic lipase Helps emulsify fats (reduces the size) **Protein** Consists of Amino Acids joined together to form proteins. Essential and Non-essential amino acids **Essential** **Non-essential** --------------- ------------------- Arginine Alanine Histidine Glycine Majority of protein in the diet in broken down to ammonia. Excess ammonia that is not needed in the body is converted to urea and is excreted in urine. Function: 1. 2. 3. **Metabolism and Measurement of Energy in Ruminants** The partitioning of Feed Energy -----------------------  ----------------------- DE = proportion of feed energy that does not appear in the faeces. ME = Not all available, products excreted in urine and gases also contain energy NE = Energy is lost as heat during metabolism - HIF (Heat Increment of Feeding)