Angel Zheng - IDs - German History PDF

Name of Who What When Why Where Person/Event Failed coup to overthrow Weimar Republic -...

Name of Who What When Why Where Person/Event Failed coup to overthrow Weimar Republic - Disbanding Freikorps unsettled people with Wolfgang Kapp Kapp Putsch Berlin workers responded with a strike and the 1920 fear of unemployment and Versailles Treaty's Berlin, Germany (coup leader) coup's fail harsh terms 19th Century and German people were superior - state exists to Volk Adolf Hitler Translates as "the people" promoted in Nazi serve the Volk (to Hitler, Weimar German Germany era Republic betrayed this) Polish Army Translation: Lightning War; surprise attack defeat (1939) and Penetrating defenses and damage deep within Germany, Poland, Blitzkrieg Heinz Guderian with concentrated military artillery against France invasion territories; secured many German victories France enemy (1940) Hugo Preuss, King > President, Reichstag & Chancellor; Laws governing Germany as a democratic Weimar Constitution German National unstable coalition governments (often Weimar, Germany parliamentary republic Assembly collapsing) Outlined land constitutions and municipality Länder must conform to the principles of a Article 28 autonomy democratic, republican, and social state 17: Each state has a republican constitution; Concept of universal, equal, direct and secret Article 17/22 22: Deputies are elected to people over 20 suffrage years+ Constitutional controversies are addressed by 1919-1933 Balance of power; the President of the Reich Article 19 the Supreme Judicial Court of the German Weimar executing the court's decision Reich Germany Constitution German men and women are all equal under No discrimination on sex and citizenship by Article 109 the law 'rank' No discrimination for public office; abolish State and national law regulation over Article 128 exceptional provisions to female officials discrimination of sex and race in public office Marriage equality for both sexes, and families Marriage and maternity are protected by the Article 119 with children have the right to compensatory state as the foundation of family life and public assistance. essential to the nation Propaganda was used for women to focus on Furthered Germans as the superior race 1933-1945 (Nazi Women under Nazism Adolf Hitler their roles as mothers (birth radically pure' concept with racial purity through species Germany Era/Third Reich) children) upgrading Separate spheres for men and women; National Socialist Gertrud Scholtz- Womens' wing of Nazi Party that supported the 1931-1945 organizations like NSF were vital in supporting Germany Women's League Klink Third Reich through propaganda and supplying the Third Reich Baldur von Girls' wing of Nazi Party that trained girls for Training enforced Nazi beliefs and such Schirach, Jutta League of German Girls comradeship, domestic duties, and 1930-1945 organizations grew support for the Nazi Party Germany Rüdiger, Trude motherhood in the youth Mohr Dorothea Administration enforced SS men to regard Aufseherin female guard at German concentration camps 1939-1945 Germany "Theodora" Binz Aufseherin as equals  Political unification movement to unite all Ideas of Pan Germanism influenced Adolf Hitler Pan Germanism Ernst Hasse German-speakers or Germanic language 1894 Germany with expanding the superior Aryan race speakers to a state Unified social utopia or "People's community" 1933-1945 (Nazi Government's needs came before the people; Volksgemeinschaft Nazi Party Germany that the Nazi Party wanted to emphasize Era/Third Reich) led to discrimination of non-Aryan people Mass genocide of 6 million Euopean Jews 1933-1945 (Nazi Emphasized the lengths of prejudice and Holocaust Nazi Party Germany (among other minorities) in World War II Era/Third Reich) discrimination that shook the world Protective custody with rallies spreading the 1933-1945 (Nazi Persecution and isolation of "undesireables" Concentration Camps Nazi Party Germany word on party strength and unity Era/Third Reich) into concentrated camps with gas chambers Incarceration of Jewish population in Europe Displace Jewish population and systematic Final Solution Adolf Hitler 1931-1945 Europe (Boycotts, discrimination laws, and violence) murder of 6 million in 21 countries Proportional Electoral system where electorate subgroups Seen in Weimar Republic; number of seats in Reichstag January 19, 1919 Germany Representation reflect proportionately in the elected body Reichstag based upon vote percentage Government troops inflicted a wave of terror April 29-May 8, Martial law and state of war reigned; no After Munich White Terror Freikorps on the state capital 1919 legitimization of 600-1,200 deaths capture, Germany Mussolini, Collapsed to Anglo-German Naval Agreement Pierre-Étienne Agreement to oppose Hitler's intentions to Stresa Front April 14 1935 and no party having real power to stop Stresa, Italy Flandin, Ramsay rearm Germany, violation to Versailles Treaty Germany by force MacDonald Viewed Hitler (in Hitler: A Study of Tyranny) as December 13, 1914 Takes note to social and great man history, Alan Bullock - Historian POV England an opportunistic power politician - February 2, 2004 that the dictator's ideas paralleled his actions Bismarck...: Iron Chancellor unified Germany Nuremberg Thesis is too convenient and more by accident than design The Origins of March 25, 1906 - targets the blame to world leaders, Germany AJP Taylor - Historian POV England [WWII]: Hitler was a normal German leader and September 7, 1990 not admitting responsibility, W. Germany Cold a grasping opportunist War ally againt USSR Bavaria and Berlin conflict, Hitler realized a Adolf Hitler, Failed coup/violent rebellion by Nazi Party to November 8-9, Munich, Weimar Beer Hall/Munich Putsch coup so struck in Munich to be met by police Erich Ludendorff overthrow Weimar Republic 1923 Republic cordon; Hitler's arrest followed eventually German economic crisis from printing more Printed more money to satisfy striking Hyperinflation Crisis of Weimar Republic money > hyperinflation (250 to 200,000 million 1923 workers, crisis was resolved with the Germany 1923 government in 11 months) Rentenmark (US and gold reserve backed) Recommendations for Germany to repay April (Introduced) Stabilized Germany's currency as well; Charles G. Dawes Dawes Plan reparations from WWI and ease tensions with August 1924 economic recovery but heavy reliance on Germany, Allies and committee Allies and Germany (Accepted) foreign capital (1929 Young Plan followed) Law to Remedy the Distress of the People and Foundation of complete German society Enabling Act Adolf Hitler March 23, 1933 Germany the Reich to issue laws without parliament Nazification and gave Hitler unlimited power Organization to develop future Nazi leaders July 4, 1926 - Developped to the youth at a young age the Nazi Youth Programs Adolf Hitler Nazi Germany with Nazi doctrines taught at meetings October 10, 1945 qualities of Nazi leadership Adolf Hitler, Nazi Racial elite of Aryans, assigned to solve the April 4, 1925 - May Directed the Final Solution and Holocaust to SS/Schutzstaffel Nazi Germany Party Jewish Question 8, 1945 restructure the ethnic composition. Supreme SA Provide protection for Nazi assemblies, disrupt Brownshirts-original paramilitary wing of the October 5, 1921 – SA/Sturmabteilung Leader/Oberster opposing party meetings, fight against the Nazi Party and lost influence to be superseded Nazi Germany May 8, 1945 SA-Führer opposing paramilitary units by the SS  Heinrich March 1931 - May 8, Critical to consolidate political-police powers SD/Sicherheitsdienst Intelligence agency of the SS Nazi Germany Himmler 1945 into the hands of Himmler and Heydrich Gestapo/The Geheime Infamous police force to protect the regime April 26, 1933 - Maintain the politcal status quo by surveillance Hermann Göring Nazi Germany Staatspolizei from supposed racial and political enemies. May 8, 1945 and intelligence gathering Reichstag Fire Decree followed, abolished a President Paul Reichstag building burned & Nazi leadership Reichstag Fire February 27, 1933 number of constitutional protections and Nazi Germany von Hindenburg used event to claim Communist uprising paved Nazi dictatorship Translation: coordination, synchronization; German social, cultural, and political life were Gleichschaltung Nazi Party 1933 Nazi Germany Rise of Nazi Party in Germany shaped for Nazi goals German anti-Nazi group of youths who evaded Public shaming> gathered to concentration Edelweiss Pirates Nazi Party Hitler Youth and were too young for military 1939-1945 camps > heads hung; subculture of rejection to Nazi Germany conscription Nazi society norms Leader to SA, close to Hitler until his murder Novermber 28, Hitler felt Rohm was a threat and rival so the Ernst Rohm (Sturmabteilung) Nazi Germany during Night of the Long Knives 1887 - July 1, 1934 SS eliminated all SA leadership Order for a series of political extrajudicial June 30 - July 2, Consolidated Hitler's power and propaganda Night of the Long Knives Adolf Hitler Nazi Germany executions urged by Göring and Himmler 1934 released to 'prevent' the Rohm Putsch German economic miracle: 1948 currency Phases 1 and 2 (Economic Hjalmar Schacht Economic improvements for Germany from Late 1900s reform, the Marshall Plan, and the opening of Germany Improvement) (economist) war consequences to industry privitization European markets Deutsche Airship accident killing 36 people; designed by Destroyed in its attempt to dock, end to airship Hindenburg Zeppelin- May 6, 1937 New Jersey, U.S. the Zeppelin Company era and impact to aviation Reederei Signified beginning of Hitler's expansion for Translation: annexation/connection; takeover Anschluss Adolf Hitler March 1938 power as the first major act of Nazi territorial Germany, Austria of Austria by Germany aggression Hitler outlined his expansionist policies and Meeting record between Hitler, his military, Hossbach Memorandum Adolf Hitler November 5, 1937 this marked the beginning of a radicalization Berlin, Germany and foreign policy leaders of his foreign policies German invasion to Czechoslavakia with Mar 15, 1939 – Mar Hitler's interest in Czechoslavakia was more Czech Crisis Adolf Hitler Czechoslavakia 294,000-320,000 murders (mostly Jews) 16, 1939 economic with need of raw materials France, Agreement between Nazi Germany, Great Permission for German annexation of the Munich Agreement Germany, Italy, September 30, 1939 Czechoslovakia Britain, France, and Italy Sudetenland, in western Czechoslovakia UK Non-aggression pact with Germany and USSR Non-aggression allowed both countires to Moscow, Soviet Nazi Soviet Pact/Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact August 23, 1939 to not attack or conflict with one another pursue expansionist policies without conflict Union Adolf Hitler, Invasion to Soviet Union by Nazi Germany and June 22, 1941 – Violation to the Nazi Society Pact, increased Operation Barbarossa Soviet Union Joseph Stalin other Axis powers Decceber 5, 1941 tensions with the Axis powers and USSR Friedrich Emergency continuity-of-government Drafted in place of Allied bombing or general Operation Valkyrie July 20, 1944 Germany Olbricht operations plan breakdown in national civil order Gathered intelligence, carried out sabotage, Olimp Poland Polish anti-Nazi organization 1941 Wrocław and organized aid for Polish slave workers German Nazi politician, chief propagandist for 10/29/1897 - May 1, Hitler's Minister for Public Enlightenment and Paul Joseph Goebbels Germany the Nazi Party, Reich Minister of Propaganda 1945 Propaganda and executed its agenda  neo-orthodox theologian and anti-Nazi 2/4/1906 - April 9, Opposition to National Socialism and the Nazi Dietrich Bonhoeffer Germany dissident 1945 regime led to his execution 6/12/1929 - Kept records in her diary documenting her life Anne Frank German-born Jewish girl Germany February 1945 in hiding amid Nazi persecutio April 15, 1892 - Hid Jews from arrest and deportation during Corrie Ten Boom Dutch watchmaker, writer, and public speaker Germany 1983 the German occupation of the Netherlands February 20, 1920 Established several policies in support for NSDAP Adolf Hitler Nazi Party, far-right political party in Germany Munich, Germany - October 10, 1945 Nazism 1933-1945 (Nazi Supporter to the Nazi policies especially for Reichsführerin Gertrud Scholtz-Klink Head of the Nazi Women's League Germany Era/Third Reich) the Women's League; appointed by Hitler 1933-1945 (Nazi Supporter and ally to Adolf Hitler and his Magda Goebbels Wife to Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels Germany Era/Third Reich) policies of Nazism August 22, 1902 - German film director, producer, writer, editor, Imposed propaganda films in support of the Leni Riefenstahl September 8, Germany photographer and actress Nazi Party 2003 November 20, 1913 Libertas Schulze-Boysen German Prussian noblewoman - December 22, Resistance fighter against the Nazi Party Germany 1942 Active in White Rose non-violent resistance May 9, 1921 - Sophie Scholl German student and anti-Nazi political activist and convicted of treason handing out anti-war Germany February 22, 1943 leaflets