Anemia Notes PDF

ANEMIA PLANTS SOURCES ANIMALS  Non – haem iron  Haem –Iron  Whole grain cereals  Red meat, offal  Absorption Affected by:  Does not contain a haem phytates in cereals and protein attached to th...

ANEMIA PLANTS SOURCES ANIMALS  Non – haem iron  Haem –Iron  Whole grain cereals  Red meat, offal  Absorption Affected by:  Does not contain a haem phytates in cereals and protein attached to the iron pulses, tannins in tea and  Absorption rate is oxalates found in green leafy comparatively low vegetables  Calcium binds with non- haem = reduces its absorption  Consists of a haem protein attached to iron  Absorption rate is high Definition:  Blood condition involving an abnormal reduction in red blood cells or haemoglobin in the blood  Leads to reduce amount oxygen  Person ends up becoming tired ,weak, lethargic and pale  Iron can lead to a shortage of Iron, Vitamin B12 or folic acid Found: red blood cells  Red bloods cells are found in the bone marrow. Red blood cells  Constant supply of new replaced cells is needed to replace old cells that are broken down by the body  Red blood cells carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the rest of the body and CO2 from the body to the lungs to be exhaled Causes of Anemia: 1. If a lot of blood is lost –this may cause iron deficiency E.g. severe menstrual bleeding 2. A deficiency of Vitamin B12 – meat and eggs and not plants  3. A deficiency of folic Acid – orange juice and liver 4. Megaloblastic anemia- large dysfunctional blood cells due to the lack of Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid 5. A deficiency of iron owing to poor absorption to medication diarrhea or intestinal disease 6. Pernicious anemia- is characterized by paleness fatigue, weakness and heart fluttering which results from a lack of Vitamin B12 in the diet IRON:  Is absorbed from animal sources than plant sources  Iron is better absorbed from animal sources than plant sources  Haemoglobin is required to transport oxygen around the body to every cell for the production of energy and the maintenance of cell functions  Iron deficiency- have insufficient haemoglobin molecules  Leads to not enough oxygen being carried  Vitamin C aids in iron absorption  Protein and copper are needed to use iron properly  People with chronic kidney disease are more susceptible to iron deficiency  Children, and pregnant women are more susceptible to develop anemia due to growth spurts and fetal development Symptoms of Anemia:- shortage of oxygen rich blood Symptoms: 1. Tired and weak 2. Headaches 3. Loss of appetite 4. Shortness of breath 5. Pale skin 6. Thirsty 7. Irritable Treating Anemia:  Nutritional supplements e.g. iron  Medical procedures in server cases  A well balance diet People more Prone to Anemia  HIV / AIDS patients  Young children due to rapid growth  Pregnancy due to low iron and folic acid levels  Vegetarians due to the lack of Vitamin B12  The elderly  Babies  Women who smoke  Women with a heavy menstrual cycle Serious or long-term anemia can damage the:  Heart  Brain  Cause leg pain  Lead to death